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Question
What was one of the results of the Guyer and colleagues' (2009) study, where teenagers were imaged with fMRI equipment while they thought they were participating in a networking task with other teenagers (in reality, the study was rigged such that they were automatically provided with positive or negative feedback)?
A. When the adolescents were told that other teenagers were interested in them, areas of their brains known to be sensitive to rewards were activated.
B. When the adolescents were told that other teenagers were interested in them, no areas of their brains were activated.
C. When the adolescents were told that other teenagers were interested in them, areas of the brain that are activated during highly stressful events were activated.
D. When the adolescents were told that other teenagers were interested in them, the prefrontal cortex was fully activated.
Answer
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Related questions
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Robert and Todd have both recently been diagnosed with a serious chronic illness that will most likely present itself in late adulthood. Discuss how Robert and Todd, similarly aged peers who are exposed to the same stressor, may respond to hearing this news very differently? What are the "best" ways to cope with this news?
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A. Primary; primary
B. Primary; secondary
C. Secondary; secondary
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Research has identified all but which of the following as risk factors for suicide attempts during adolescence?
A. experiencing extensive family conflict
B. being under stress
C. having a psychiatric problem
D. All of the above are risk factors for suicide and suicide ideation.
Q:
While Alan is waiting in line for tickets to the show, the man behind him bumps into him. Even though the man apologizes, Alan becomes extremely upset and pushes him back. Alan is probably suffering from:
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C. hostile attributional bias.
D. status offense syndrome.
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The biologically based psychological disorder characterized by impulsiveness, inattentiveness, restlessness, and inappropriately high levels of activity is called:
A. schizophrenia.
B. nervosa.
C. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
D. oppositional defiant disorder.
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Compared to children and adults, adolescents:
A. engage in a greater amount of risky behaviors in the real world.
B. perceive fewer risks on laboratory questionnaires.
C. make more deliberate decisions in the real world.
D. None of the above is true.
Q:
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B. information-processing theory; naturally advance in cognitive skills
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What emotional characteristic makes an individual more likely to engage in risky behaviors?
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D. anxiety
Q:
Who of the following individuals is likely to believe that it is always wrong to exclude others?
A. Gwendolyn, who is trying to decide who to invite to her 9th birthday party
B. Amy, who is a member of a high-status peer group at her high school
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Q:
Which of the following is one of the results of improvements in social cognition?
A. adolescents become better at lying
B. adolescents become less able to recognize that others may view situations differently
C. adolescents are less capable of formulating arguments
D. adolescents are less likely to challenge their parents' authority
Q:
Which of the following statements about social cognition is false?
A. Adolescents have a more differentiated and more nuanced understanding of social norms.
B. Adolescents are more able than children to step outside themselves and see things from other vantage points.
C. Adolescents are less likely to see that social rules are subjective.
D. Adolescents are more likely to believe that there are some situations under which it may be appropriate to limit the rights of certain people.
Q:
Jane, an adolescent, can attribute her improved planning skills to developments in her ______ and she can attribute her gut-level, intuitive decision making to her ______.
A. dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; orbitofrontal cortex
B. dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; ventromedial prefrontal cortex
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D. orbitofrontal cortex; ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Q:
Changes in the limbic system during adolescence may cause all of the following, except:
A. increased emotionality.
B. increased responsiveness to stress.
C. decreased risk-taking.
D. decreased responsiveness to rewards.
Q:
All of the following statements about structural and functional change involving the prefrontal cortex during adolescence are true except:
A. patterns of activation within the prefrontal cortex generally become more focused
B. individuals are more likely to use multiple parts of the brain simultaneously and coordinate activity between prefrontal regions and other areas of the brain
C. the full structural maturation of the prefrontal cortex is not complete until the mid-20s
D. All of the above are true
Q:
One type of structural change in the brain has to do with changes in the levels of grey and white matter in the brain. Which of the following statements is true?
A. grey matter decreases while white matter increases
B. grey matter increases while white matter decreases
C. both grey matter and white matter decrease
D. both grey matter and white matter increase
Q:
The formation of synapses is:
A. almost entirely genetically programmed.
B. almost entirely formed through experience.
C. both genetically programmed and formed through experience.
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A. the release of neurotransmitters
B. synaptic pruning
C. myelination
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A. working memory
B. selective attention
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A. class ranking
B. intelligence
C. height
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A. increasing use of mnemonic devices
B. becoming more flexible with strategy use
C. increasing speed of information processing
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Q:
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A. triarchic theory of intelligence.
B. information-processing perspective.
C. psychometric theory.
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Q:
The ability to think about one's own thoughts is called:
A. hypothetical think.
B. egocentric logic.
C. metacognition.
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A. abstractly.
B. preoperationally.
C. concretely.
D. deductively.
Q:
Which of the following terms applies more to adolescent thought than to childhood thought?
A. conservation, reversibility, structure
B. assimilation, accommodation, complexity
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D. flexible, speculative, abstract
Q:
Who of the following is probably a child (and not an adolescent)?
A. Jeanette, someone who can easily describe her thought process
B. Christine, someone who tends to think about things one aspect at a time
C. Bryan, who tends to question everything, just for the sake of argument
D. Brandon, someone who entertains many possibilities before making the final decision
Q:
Joey enjoys playing the devil's advocate and is always stirring up discussions with his contrary positions. This ability is one aspect of:
A. hypothetical thinking.
B. social cognition.
C. mutual perspective-taking.
D. impression formation.
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Q:
According to the textbook, what was the most effective way to reduce adolescent smoking?
A. school-wide assemblies with presentations from police officers and doctors
B. on-campus law enforcement personnel who enforce school rules that prohibit smoking
C. advertisements on TV shows relevant to teens, such as MTV
D. raising the price of cigarettes
Q:
Based on information presented in the textbook, in the United States today, which of the following strategies would be the least efficient way to promote adolescent health?
A. increasing adolescents' knowledge and understanding of health-promoting behaviors
B. changing an aspect of the context in which adolescents live
C. ensuring that school bathrooms are sanitary
D. parental encouragement of adolescent exercise