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Question
The circumstances in a correctional facility that, when considered as a whole, may violate the protections guaranteed by the Eighth Amendment, are known as:a. a rational basis test.
b. totality of the conditions.
c. totality of the circumstances.
d. least restrictive means test.
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Prisoners have always had constitutional rights.
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The Military Commissions Act (MCA) __________ the ability of "unlawful enemy combatants" to file a writ of habeas corpus.
a. permits
b. fosters
c. enhances
d. eliminates
Q:
a. Remove an offender's capacity to commit crime
b. Min/max range of incarceration
c. Punishment as an example to the public
d. Restoring the offender to society
e. Control over the amount of time a prisoner serves
f. Deserved punishment
g. Incarcerated for the betterment of society
h. Repair damage
i. Fixed time of incarceration
j. Punishment for the individual
1) General deterrence
2) Retribution
3) Incapacitation
4) Specific deterrence
5) Indeterminate Sentencing
6) Selective incapacitation
7) Rehabilitation
8) Determinate sentencing
9) Restorative Justice Presumptive sentencing
10) Mandatory sentencing
Q:
The most frequently applied criminal sanction is___________.
Q:
Offenders who repeat certain kinds of crime are sentenced to long prison terms through the concept of ________________________.
Q:
According to the author, Rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the offender and does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity of the crime.
Q:
Legislatures concerned with the correctional goal of treatment prescribe a(n):
a. determinate sentencing scheme.
b. indeterminate sentencing scheme.
c. mandatory sentencing scheme.
d. presumptive sentencing scheme.
Q:
Sentencing guidelines are designed to:
a. reduce disparity in sentencing for similar offenses
b. increase and decrease punishments for certain offenders and offenses
c. reduce prison overcrowding
d. all of these
Q:
Since the _________, retribution as a justification for the criminal sanction has aroused new interest.
a. 1930s
b. 1950s
c. 1970s
d. 1990s
Q:
The challenge we face is bringing our _________ more into line with our ____________.
Q:
The growth of the American correctional system has ______________ affected minority group members.
Q:
The length of an inmate's prison stay has nearly tripled over the last 30 years.
Q:
The short-term history of corrections seems dominated by fads.
Q:
The philosophy of the U.S. corrections system has remained static over the years.
Q:
More African American men attend colleges and universities than are behind bars.
Q:
A national clearinghouse of information about correctional practices is:
a. the American Correctional Association.
b. the National Institute of Corrections.
c. the California Peace Officers Association.
d. the American Probation and Parole Association.
Q:
A recent trend that aims to improve agency coordination is:
a. mission clarity.
b. partnerships.
c. restructuring.
d. method clarity.
Q:
The most experienced correctional workers have seen highly praised programs:
a. gain widespread support.
b. achieve great ends.
c. come and go.
d. fail to be implemented.
Q:
The term __________refers to the use of technology to monitor those on community corrections.
a. techno-corrections
b. techno-prison
c. techno-warden
d. techno-jails
Q:
The traditional criminal justice system is concerned almost exclusively with:
a. winning.
b. offenders.
c. victims.
d. safety.
Q:
By the 1990's, approximately _______percent of law enforcement agencies focused their efforts towards community policing practices.
a. 20
b. 45
c. 65
d. 80
Q:
Identifying different areas where crime is most concentrated is known as:
a. neighborhood watch.
b. crime mapping.
c. community policing.
d. proactive approach.
Q:
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Offenders must admit what they have done
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i. Analysis of why and where crimes tends to concentrate
j. Improve and strengthen communities
1) Spatial concentration
2) Community justice
3) Collective efficacy
4) Environmental crime prevention
5) Restorative justice
6) justice reinvestment
7) Adversarial process
8) Problem-solving approach
9) Criminal Justice
10) Social Disorganization
Q:
A strategy to redirect funds currently spent on prisons to community public safety projects is ______________________.
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Most of the people who cycle through __________, prisons and parole come from a limited number of impoverished communities
Q:
There are four basic types of restorative justice strategiesvictim-offender mediation, community boards, family group conferencing and circle sentencing.
Q:
Offender community service gives sanctions to offenders and restores victims and their communities.
Q:
Citizens and victims are involved in sentencing decisions to increase their confidence in the wisdom of the sanctions.
Q:
Nowhere in the world, and at no time in history, has there been an equal to the massive United States system of punishment.
Q:
_________________is mutual trust among neighbors combined with the willingness to intervene for the common good.
a. collective efficacy
b. community policing
c. proactive policing
d. spatial concentration