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Question
________ suggests that self-esteem acts as a gauge or monitor that measures the level of acceptance a person feels from his or her environment.a. Social comparison
b. Positive regard
c. Self-efficacy
d. Sociometer theory
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
________ occurs when an individual has developed a complete sense of who he or she is, strengths he or she possesses, and acts in a way consistent with that.
a. Need hierarchy
b. Conditional positive regard
c. Low self-esteem
d. Self-actualization
Q:
Max doesn"t understand why Sharon refuses to study as much for the psychology exam as he. Sharon explains that grades just aren"t as important to her. This difference in the reinforcing power of good grades for Max and Sharon is related to
a. values.
b. prejudice.
c. expectations.
d. cues.
Q:
Social learning theorists differ from behaviorists in that social learning theorists
a. only focus on behavior in response to environmental stimuli, and behaviorists focus on the mental activity that can accompany behavior.
b. are happier people, whereas behaviorists respond negatively to bells in their environment.
c. focus on the mental activity that can accompany behavior, and behaviorists only focus on behavior in response to environmental stimuli.
d. believe that most learning occurs in large groups of people.
Q:
To determine whether the children would respond to frustration using the aggressive behavior they had seen the model perform, Bandura created frustration by
a. allowing all children to play with the Bobo doll.
b. allowing children access to the best toys and then taking the toys away.
c. allowing only those children exposed to the aggressive model access to toys.
d. refusing access to the Bobo doll to children participating in the study.
Q:
Meagan finds that studying for a test reduces her anxiety toward the test. As a result, she continues to study for upcoming exams. This reduction in anxiety is an example of
a. positive reinforcement.
b. negative reinforcement.
c. positive punishment.
d. negative punishment.
Q:
Grant helped Morgan by taking out the trash at her apartment on pickup day. She thanked him for his assistance, increasing the likelihood that he would do it again. In this case, Morgan's thank-you is an example of a
a. positive reinforcement.
b. negative reinforcement.
c. positive punishment.
d. negative punishment.
Q:
Whenever Carli smells a certain cologne, it brings back negative feelings associated with the breakup of her and her old boyfriend. The negative feelings in response to the cologne are
a. the conditioned stimulus.
b. the conditioned response.
c. the unconditioned stimulus.
d. the unconditioned response.
Q:
Watson's Little Albert study demonstrates how _______ can develop.
a. animal allergies
b. food preferences
c. schizophrenia
d. phobias
Q:
According to ________, we learn by associating a neutral stimulus with a natural, biological stimulus.
a. classical conditioning
b. humanistic theory
c. operant conditioning
d. observational learning
Q:
Whenever Sandy doesn"t get her way, she pouts until her husband, Jim, changes his mind or gives in. What kind of defense mechanism is at work here?
a. Reaction formation
b. Repression
c. Regression
d. Sublimation
Q:
At the gym, Marcus hits the punching bag harder and harder as he thinks about all the things he would like to say or do to his unfair boss. Which defense mechanism is this an example of?
a. Rationalization
b. Repression
c. Regression
d. Sublimation
Q:
The superego relies on the ______ and is concerned with making sure the id and ego function in a way consistent with a person's code of right and wrong.
a. pleasure principle
b. reality principle
c. morality principle
d. beauty principle
Q:
According to Gail Sheehy, adults can experience different roles in life during the
a. Tryout Twenties
b. Turbulent Thirties
c. Flourishing Forties
d. Middlescence
Q:
Forty-two-year-old Kristine is unhappy at work and at home and feels that many of the dreams she had for herself have been replaced with a boring job and a demanding family. According to Levinson, Kristine is probably experiencing
a. early adult transition.
b. isolation.
c. generativity.
d. a midlife crisis.
Q:
According to Levinson's study of men from varying backgrounds, their lives are made up of a cycle of stable and __________ periods.
a. intimate
b. cross-cultural
c. stagnate
d. transitional
Q:
There is a developmental change in self-monitoring. Compared to younger people, older people's scores on self-monitoring measures
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. become more stable.
d. become less stable.
Q:
Becky presents a vivacious, bubbly personality when she is out with acquaintances but a more serious, subdued self when alone. Respectively, these two selves are called _______ and
a. personality 1; personality 2.
b. private self; public self.
c. public self; private self.
d. outward self; inward self.
Q:
In the Johari Window, the part of yourself that is known by you but not by others is the _______ area.
a. open
b. hidden
c. blind
d. unknown
Q:
Regardless of whether you are an individualist or a collectivist, when using social comparison to evaluate yourself objectively, it is important to compare yourself to others who
a. know you.
b. are better than you.
c. who are similar than you.
d. are unknown to you.
Q:
According to Hughes and Demo (1989), African Americans who report having faced racial discrimination
a. have lower self-efficacy beliefs.
b. have the same self-efficacy beliefs as those who haven"t faced racial discrimination.
c. have higher self-efficacy beliefs from overcoming adversity.
d. perform better in school.
Q:
The extent to which we believe we are capable of achieving our goals is known as
a. self-concept.
b. self-esteem.
c. possible self.
d. self-efficacy.
Q:
Which of the following strategies can best influence self-esteem?
a. Giving constant compliments regardless of performance
b. Providing honest feedback and specific skills development
c. Providing ego boosters
d. Criticizing negative performance
Q:
Sociometer theory suggests that
a. each relationship has its own sociometer.
b. multiple relationships share the same sociometer.
c. relationships seem uniformly positive or uniformly negative.
d. sociometers are unrelated to self-esteem.
Q:
Since Nathan was a child, he has always considered himself a terrific singer. Parents and friends have reinforced his perceptions. After trying out for a national singing contest, the judges emphatically said NO! Which of the following concepts best explains why Nathan has a hard time believing the truth?
a. The self
b. Self-verification
c. Self-concept
d. Culture
Q:
To explain the high power distance in France, as compared to other European countries, one can examine its
a. climate.
b. economy.
c. enduring history of aristocracy.
d. decrease in technological advances.
Q:
In high power distance cultures power is seen as __________, whereas in low power distance cultures, power is seen as
a. evil; justified.
b. deserving; evil.
c. deserving; arbitrary.
d. arbitrary; evil.
Q:
Darren had his first lemonade stand at six; his first dog washing job at 10 and his first lawn service company at 12. More than likely Darren lives in a(n) _____________ culture.
a. individualistic
b. collectivistic
c. feminine
d. low power distance
Q:
The value of independence in individualistic cultures also influences elderly adults by
a. increasing the likelihood that an adult child would take care of his or her elderly parents.
b. increasing the likelihood that elderly individuals will move into convalescent homes, rather have adult children take care of them.
c. decreasing the likelihood that adults will reach older adulthood.
d. increasing the likelihood that adult children will quit full-time employment to care for elderly parents.
Q:
Sandra turned down her dream job interview at a Fortune 500 accounting firm to be at her niece's baptism. Choosing family over one's personal success is more reflective of someone in the _________ culture.
a. individualistic
b. high power distance
c. masculine
d. collectivistic
Q:
Rita is in her early 20s and rents a small apartment near town. Because she is Hispanic, many of her friends assume she lives with her immediate and extended family. This is an example of a(n)
a. value.
b. attitude.
c. stereotype.
d. comparison.