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Question
Scientific realism is rooted in the principle that:a. similar interventions can naturally be expected to have different outcomes in different contexts
b. the success of evaluations depends on the assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups
c. there be equivalence between experimental and control groups before an intervention
d. treatment integrity must be rigorously guarded
Answer
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Related questions
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What type of study attempts to account for errors in drawing a sample by measuring the same people on two or more occasions?
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a. reliability
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Retrospective studies have the danger of faulty memories or even subjects lying.
a. True
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b. False
Q:
When using students in your class as research subjects and having them complete a questionnaire, there is a potential for ethical problems in that their participation may not be .
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a. a maximum security prison
b. a laboratory
c. a death row wing of a federal penitentiary
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Which of the following is generally recognized as an ethical procedure for subject/participant selection?
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b. correlation
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Q:
A researcher may face legal liability when
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b. they become a participant in the criminal activity they are observing
c. they have knowledge that research subjects have committed illegal acts
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Q:
Virtually all research that uses human subjects is:
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a. confidentiality
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Q:
Which of the following have the potential to present ethical dilemmas/challenges to researchers?a. mandatory reporting requirementsb. withholding desirable treatmentsc. staff misbehaviord. all of the above
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Immunity as part of federal protection from legal action requires
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Q:
Which of the following represents voluntary participation?
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Q:
Which of the following comes closest to the purpose of an institutional review board?
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b. to determine if the proposed research is worthy of study
c. to turn violators of ethical principles over to the police
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Q:
The National Crime Victimization Survey prevents researchers of the public from having information on a victim's
a. age
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c. place of residence
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With regard to drug formulation research, which of the following is a consequence of not publishing unsuccessful research findings?
a. accusations of fraudulent practices
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Q:
Which of the following is not an accurate description of the simulated prison project?
a. subjects accepted their roles very readily with guards becoming aggressive while prisoners became passive
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Q:
Attempts to guard against harm to the participants in the simulated prison were accomplished by all of the following except
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Q:
Which of the following are not exempt from IRB review under federal guidelines?
a. research involving the analysis of existing data
b. research involving the use of educational tests that are cognitive in nature
c. research conducted in established educational settings that involve normal education practices
d. research that uses living subjects who have participated in at least one prior research study
Q:
What was the primary reason for the establishment of institutional review boards?
a. questionnaires administered that asked subjects to report on deviant sexual behaviors
b. research on juveniles that focus upon their treatment as adults by the criminal justice system
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Identify the differences between randomized evaluation designs and quasi-experimental designs. Give an example of the appropriate use of each.
Q:
represents the process through which subjects are accumulated in experimental and control groups.
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Which of the following embody the means to achieve desired policy goals?
a. outputs
b. inputs
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a. there is no set of political norms that are agreed upon by all criminal justice researchers
b. just as there are codes for ethical conduct for researchers, there are formal codes of accepted political conduct
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Which of the following is in contrast to incident-oriented policing?
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b. reactive-oriented policing
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Q:
Randomized experiments for evaluation purposes require which of the following?
a. case flow must be adequate to produce enough subjects in both the experimental and the control groups
b. program staff must accept random assignment and minimize the exceptions to randomization
c. experimental interventions must be consistently applied
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Q:
Treatment integrity is roughly equivalent to:
a. reliability
b. validity
c. generalizability
d. the accuracy of the data
Q:
Program goals represent:
a. empirical indicators
b. desired outcomes
c. inputs
d. standards
Q:
When a researcher prepares their understanding of a program's goals, elements, and operations, she is preparing a
program:
a. evaluation
b. description
c. analysis
d. hypothesis