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Question
Research about the effectiveness of civilian review boards shows that:a. they are very effective in investigating police misconduct.
b. civilians are not well equipped to evaluate police misconduct.
c. it is difficult to measure their effectiveness.
d. most large cities do not use civilian review, therefore data is lacking.
Answer
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Related questions
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Q:
The major objection to internal review of police misconduct is:
a. police officers do not trust the officers conducting the investigation of misconduct.
b. a police department has to divert resources away from fighting crime.
c. the police should not be policing themselves.
d. external review is less expensive and better received by the media.
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a. constitutional tort actions against federal officers.
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Recent research into the effects of the exclusionary rule indicates that the exclusionary rule affects only a minuscule number of cases.
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Q:
According to the Supreme Court opinion in Herring v. U.S. (2009), involving a search pursuant to an active arrest warrant that was later discovered to have been recalled several months earlier:
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b. the good faith of officers is irrelevant to the determination whether or not to exclude evidence.
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Q:
According to the Supreme Court opinion in Mapp v. Ohio(1961), involving a police search for a bombing suspect:
a. only a handful of states had adopted the exclusionary rule by legislation or judicial opinion.
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c. whether states had adopted the exclusionary rule was irrelevant in deciding whether that rule applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause.
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Q:
The Supreme Court's decision in Weeks v. U.S.in 1914 is significant because it:a. began the Fourth Amendment's annexation of the exclusionary rule.b. held that the exclusionary rule applies to state court criminal proceedings.c. recognized that illegally seized evidence should not be used in federal court criminal proceedings and thereby brought the United States into conformance with the practice in most European countries.d. permitted law enforcement officers to be sued if they conducted searches in a manner that violated the Fourth Amendment.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a potential negative consequence of the exclusionary rule?
a. Fostering false testimony by police officers
b. Court delay
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a. Magna Carta.
b. laws of Moses embodied in the Talmudic law.
c. Articles of Confederation preceding the adoption of the United States Constitution.
d. Preamble of the Stamp Act.
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In screening the police procedures that are used during the accusatory stage of the criminal process, the courts recognize:
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b. the need to have standard procedures for investigating crimes
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Q:
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Q:
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d. has not yet been addressed in any court opinions.
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The need for prison and jail security permits searches without probable cause or a warrant of:a. prisoners and pretrial detainees.b. prisoners, pretrial detainees, and visitors to the prison. c. only prisoners.d. prisoners, pretrial detainees, employees of the prison, and visitors to the prison.
Q:
Frank is an inmate at Greensburg State Prison and he has just had a contact visit with an old friend. Before Frank returns to his cell, prison guards subject Frank to a strip search. Such a search is:
a. constitutional, because prisoners have a diminished expectation of privacy and there is an important government need to maintain prison security.
b. constitutional, because prisoners forfeit all Fourth Amendment rights.
c. unconstitutional, unless prison officials have reasonable suspicion to think they will find contraband or evidence of a crime on Frank.
d. unconstitutional, unless prison officials have probable cause to think they will find contraband or evidence of a crime on Frank.
Q:
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a. not ruled on this matter.
b. held they entail minimal intrusions that apply to all passengers.
c. considered them to be private searches.
d. held that airports may conduct such searches to protect public safety, but the fruits of the searches are inadmissible at a criminal trial.
Q:
Safford Unified School District No. 1 v. Redding (2009) held that:
a. partially strip-searching an eighth grader was reasonable.
b. partially strip-searching an eighth grader was unreasonable, but granted individual school officials qualified immunity from civil liability for the illegal search.
c. partially strip-searching an eighth grade was unreasonable, and school officials maintained civil liability for the illegal search.
d. partially strip-searching an eighth grader was reasonable, but school officials could be held civilly liable for the search.