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Question
Pollen is a useful tool for archaeologists becausea) from it archaeologists can construct detailed sequences of past vegetation and climate
b) pollen is not very durable and thus can reflect subtle changes in seasons and climate
c) pollen is almost indestructible: it survives for thousands of years
d) a and b only
e) a and c only
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
In describing mechanisms of exchange, "direct access" is used to describe situations where
a) the consumer is able to buy whatever they want
b) goods are bought from independent middlemen
c) trading is done through emissaries who represent a state
d) the user goes to the source material without the intervention of an exchange mechanism
e) none of the above
Q:
Observing the wear patterns on ancient stone tools is an aspect of microwear analysis; experimental archaeology provides added information on the specific activities the tools might have been used for by
a) using modern copies of stone tools in a variety of specific tasks
b) studying the traces of polish on modern copies of tools after use
c) creating categories of tool use according to wear patterns created on modern copies
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
The intentional use and control of fire by humans is known as
a) pyrotechnology
b) pyromania
c) metallurgy
d) smelting
e) pyroxia
Q:
Inclusions in the clay used to make pottery that act as a filler, creating strength and counteracting cracking and shrinkage during firing, are known as
a) slag
b) temper
c) microliths
d) faience
e) debitage
Q:
The technique of stone tool manufacture that involved knapping a core in such a way that large flakes could be removed and shaped into tools is called
a) the Oldowan industry
b) refitting
c) cold hammering
d) the Champollion technique
e) the Levallois technique
Q:
We tend to forget that different societies value different goods. For example, while the Conquistadors valued the gold of the New World, the Aztec valued __________ more highly than metal
a) iron
b) cattle
c) wheat beer
d) chariots
e) feathers
Q:
__________ did not exist anywhere in the New World until after European contact
a) The potter's wheel
b) Agriculture
c) Weaving
d) Writing
e) Corn
Q:
Study of the patterns of wear or damage on the edges of stone tools that can provide useful information on a particular tool's function is known as
a) refitting
b) microwear analysis
c) scanning electron analysis
d) plating
e) none of the above
Q:
A massive amount of information about how commodities were traded in the Mediterranean around 1300 came from the site of Uluburun which is a
a) barrow cemetery
b) location mentioned in the Iliad
c) volcano in the Andes
d) shipwreck
e) site preserved in volcanic ash
Q:
Analytical methods for characterization are varied. For pottery, a reliable technique for determining the source is
a) heavy mineral analysis
b) studies of temper or exclusions
c) thin section analysis
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
Q:
Analysis of plant residues on artifacts can help to define the function of the vessels being studied.
Q:
No domesticated plants were cultivated in North America until they were introduced soon after the arrival of colonists from the Old World.
Q:
Archaeologists working on bones from Lower Paleolithic sites found that, when looked at through a scanning electron microscope, marks on bones made by carnivores were more __________ than marks made by stone tools
a) v-shaped
b) rounded
c) likely to have parallel lines at the bottom
d) violent
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Q:
Experimental evidence suggests that the transition from wild to domestic plants could have been complete within
a) only one seasonal cycle
b) the period before the last Ice Age
c) 5,000 to 10,000 years
d) only 20 to 200 years
e) a matter of days
Q:
This method used in archaeological investigations separates organic material from soil based on the general principle that the lighter organic material floats in water
a) flotation
b) submersion
c) inundation
d) irrigation
e) pallonization
Q:
After retrieving a core, the layers may be analyzed in two ways. First, scientists study the presence or absence and fluctuations of different foraminiferan species. Second, using a mass spectrometer, they analyze the
a) fluctuations in the ratio of stable oxygen isotopes 18 and 16 in the calcium carbonate of the foraminiferan shells
b) fluctuations in the ratio of nitrogen isotopes 15 and 14 in the calcium carbonate of the foraminiferan shells
c) fluctuations in the ratio of pollens to foraminifera through time
d) fluctuations in the amino acids of bone collagen in the foraminifera
e) all of the above
Q:
In order to understand the stratigraphy of sediment on the ocean floor, ships use a ___________ to extract a thin column of sediment for later laboratory analysis.
a) sounding drill
b) paleomagnetometer
c) piston-corer
d) varve corer
e) none of the above
Q:
Excavations at the Boarding School site in northern Montana, carried out with help from the local Blackfoot tribe, found evidence of a typical hunting practice used for thousands of years in North America, with three layers of bones, each representing one episode. This site was a
a) bison drive site
b) moose corral
c) antelope kill site
d) jackrabbit snare
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Q:
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a) retained their seeds until they could be harvested
b) lost their seeds easily in wind or rain
c) had small or tough seeds
d) were less nutritious than their wild ancestors
Q:
The most obvious and conspicuous traces of Neolithic farmers in the Wessex area of Britain are
a) long barrows
b) village settlements
c) early field systems
d) a series of roads
e) individual farmsteads
Q:
An important method used to gain an understanding of a past society involves the study of the present-day use and significance of artifacts, buildings, and structures, and the way these things become incorporated into the archaeological record when they are abandoned. Such an approach is known as
a) ethnic studies
b) archaeozoology
c) archaeobotany
d) ethnoarchaeology
e) ethnology
Q:
Unlike sex, which is biologically determined, __________ is a social construct involving the roles of individuals in society
a) matrilineal descent
b) sedentism
c) DNA
d) natural selection
e) gender
Q:
Full-time pottery makers, metal workers, or other such artisans who form an important part of complex societies are referred to by archaeologists as
a) chiefs
b) craft specialists
c) merchants
d) segmentary societies
e) bands
Q:
In Elman Service's typology of human societies, mobile hunter-gatherer groups are also called
a) chiefdoms
b) segmentary societies (tribes)
c) bands
d) states
e) none of the above
Q:
Warfare is always undertaken with the objective of permanently occupying the lands of the vanquished in a process of territorial expansion.
Q:
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Q:
Occupation deposits at cave sites tend to be deep and suffer less erosion than open sites; they are therefore valuable for studying early hunter-gatherer societies.
Q:
Although taking different amounts of time according to region, environmental conditions, and technological innovations, all societies eventually progress from bands to state societies.
Q:
Archaeologists have shown that the Maya calendar was very precise: it was used to record exact dates.
Q:
Electron Spin Resonance Dating (ESR) is most successful when used to provide dates for
a) tooth enamel
b) obsidian
c) pollen
d) ceramics
e) volcanic rocks