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Question
Of the following, which is most typical of an independent variable in a causal-comparative study?a. Discipline referrals
b. Attitudes about science
c. Country of origin
d. SAT scores
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Both the mean and the standard deviation are examples of which of the following?
a. Statistics.
b. Parameters.
c. Data.
d. Assessment.
Q:
Of the following, which is NOT a primary statistical procedure employed to analyze data in a causal-comparative study?
a. Spearman rho
b. ANOVA
c. T-test
d. Chi Square
Q:
The most common descriptive statistic used in causal-comparative research as a measure of variability is the
a. range.
b. standard deviation.
c. mean.
d. t-test.
Q:
Marty assesses teachers' attitudes toward inclusion based upon number of years of teacher experience. He groups his teachers as those that have 4 or less years of experience, 5-10 years of experience, 11-20 years of experience and more than 20 years. The variable of years of experience in Marty's study illustrates an example of ___________level data.
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. interval
d. ratio
Q:
Which of the following illustrates Aaron, a qualitative researcher, collecting data for an ethnographic study on alternative schooling.
a. Aaron sends out surveys to directors of alternative schools.
b. Aaron examines achievement measures of students enrolled in alternative schools.
c. Aaron invites students from alternative schools to visit him and conducts interviews.
d. Aaron goes to an alternative school and volunteers on the staff.
Q:
When Michelle got to the method section of the study she reviewed for a class assignment she found that the researchers had clearly described the questionnaire and the pilot procedures used to test the items. This is a strength of this __________ research report.a. observationalb. correlationalc. surveyd. causal-comparative
Q:
Tim read a study that examined whether teacher-provided verbal signals helped students retain information from lectures. Tim noticed that the researchers had made sure that an equal number of both high and low ability learners were in each condition. This is a strength in this ______________ researcher report.a. observationalb. correlationalc. surveyd. causal-comparative
Q:
Stan's study examined the differences in self-concept between children enrolled in a summer outdoor adventure program and those who were not. The adventure group children had slightly higher self-concept prior to the program than the comparison group, so Stan took individual's initial self-concept score into consideration when he examined his data. Which of the following strategies for controlling extraneous variables did Stan employ?
a. Matching
b. Comparing homogeneous subgroups
c. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
d. Manipulation of independent variable
Q:
In reviewing a study about the benefits of daily silent reading for third grade students' comprehension skills, Sandra noted that the authors did not provide the amount of time the students read daily or for how long the study was conducted. The authors should have reported this information in the ________________ section of their report.
a. Introduction
b. Methods
c. Results
d. Discussion
Q:
Of the following which is likely a statement made by a qualitative researcher in a study that addresses social skills training.
a. I would like to interview a few of the participants to understand their training.
b. I would like to give participants a test to determine their skill level.
c. I would like to use teacher ratings to see if the program worked.
d. I would like to control which students get the training so we can compare groups of children that did and did not get training.
Q:
Charles read a study that examined the effects of animation on learning science text content. There were three groups in the study. Students were randomly selected from a 10th grade science class and randomly assigned to a condition. One group received a text only, the other group received a text and an animation, the third group received only the animation. Five students were in each condition.ANOVA indicated significant differences between groups and post hoc analysis revealed the animation only group performed better than the other two conditions.One critique of the study is the number of students in each condition. This is primarily a critique for which section of the research report?a. participantsb. instrumentsc. proceduresd. discussion
Q:
Millie is an ethnographic researcher studying the development of language in young children from bilingual homes. She studies these children in childcare settings in which the child's second language is the language used. She observes the children as a "˜visitor" in their classes for the first three months of their emersion in their new school setting. While there she takes down extensive notes in a notebook as she observes. She also often records small brief notes to herself on little green sheets that she keeps separate from her notebook.
In this scenario, Millie can best be categorized as which of the following types of observer?
a. Active participant observer
b. Privileged, active observer
c. Passive observer
d. Nonformal observer
Q:
Millie is an ethnographic researcher studying the development of language in young children from bilingual homes. She studies these children in childcare settings in which the child's second language is the language used. She observes the children as a "˜visitor" in their classes for the first three months of their emersion in their new school setting. While there she takes down extensive notes in a notebook as she observes. She also often records small brief notes to herself on little green sheets that she keeps separate from her notebook.
The extensive notes Millie records in her notebook best represent
a. memos.
b. protocols.
c. field notes.
d. jottings.
Q:
Of the following, which is considered an organismic variable?
a. Age
b. Marital status
c. Intelligence
d. Self-esteem
Q:
The main purpose of research and development efforts in education is to
a. contribute to science.
b. formulate theory.
c. develop products.
d. make educational decisions.
Q:
Maricella has collected her thesis data that examines differences in PSAT Math achievement in Latino boys and girls. However, upon a second look at the graphs of her raw scores, it appears that the boys scores are more normally distributed and the girls scores are somewhat more bunched together around the mean. Given this information, what can you conclude regarding the data set?
a. The standard deviation is likely smaller for girls.
b. The girls' distribution is likely unimodal.
c. The girls' mean score is more representative of the data.
d. The girls' median is higher than the boys' median.
Q:
Of the following, which illustrates a causal-comparative study?
a. What is the typical classroom structure in a secondary mathematics classroom?
b. Is there a relationship between teachers' instructional style and classroom physical structure?
c. Are there differences in learners' mathematics achievement between classrooms that are structured with desks in rows or in small groups?
d. What are the notetaking behaviors of college students in lecture seating?
Q:
One similarity between causal-comparative and experimental research is that both
a. employ random assignment.
b. attempt to establish cause-effect relationships.
c. manipulate independent variables.
d. examine relationships after the events have occurred.
Q:
Lars is conducting a quantitative study that examines students' achievement within schools, districts, and states in the United States. Which of the following sampling strategies will Lars likely need to use to obtain his sample?
a. Snowball
b. Cluster
c. Criterion
d. Simple random
Q:
Brian has completed data collection for a study of college learners' self-regulation. Which of the following steps of the research process will Brian next approach?
a. Recognize and identify a topic to be studied
b. Describe and execute research procedures
c. Analyze the collected data
d. State the results or implications
Q:
Marv needs to add a section indicating his "˜full cycle" in the field to his research report. What type of research did Marv likely conduct?
a. Narrative
b. Ethnographic
c. Experimental
d. Correlational
Q:
Missy is a key informant in Allison's study on teenage girls' study habits. Of the following, which is likely the strategy by which Missy was selected?
a. Random sampling
b. Stratified sampling
c. Criterion sampling
d. Intensity sampling
Q:
Causal comparative and experimental research both
a. examine differences between groups.
b. manipulate the independent variable(s) in the study.
c. assign participants to conditions.
d. have the same ethical considerations when considering independent variables.
Q:
Anu has focused his ethnography on teenagers in the foster care system. The aim of his work is to advocate for a larger number of placements for these children as many families feel the challenges of raising foster teenage children are too great, and therefore select to foster younger children. Anu's ethnography would be best classified as a(n)
a. autoethnography.
b. critical ethnography.
c. realist ethnography.
d. confessional ethnography.
Q:
Tavares is a quantitative researcher interested in surveying members of a particular school district regarding their opinions on funding for language instruction. He develops a survey to mail to those living in the district. He wants to assure that he has responses from district members across the range of Socio-Economic Status. Of the following, which is the best way for Tavares to assure he has adequate sample size and representativeness?
a. Convenience sampling
b. Systematic sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Intensity sampling
Q:
Won recently read the abstract of a research report of a study that investigated academic procrastination. Of the following, which is information she should absolutely know after reading the abstract?a. Whether the study was qualitative or quantitativeb. The psychometric properties of the instrument used in the study.c. The most relevant recent publication related to the study.d. The demographic information and ethnicity of the participants in the study.
Q:
Matt is a qualitative researcher interested in the benefits of community gardens on respect for cultural diversity. He questions whether working together in a gardening environment changes people's tolerance for cultural differences. To conduct his study he selects 8 members of a community gardening group who are Anglo Americans whose families have been in the country for at least three generations and who have been members of the gardening community for at least two years. The sampling strategy Matt is using is best described as ____________ sampling.
a. Homogeneous
b. Criterion
c. Stratified
d. Intensity
Q:
Lisa is designing her dissertation. She is testing the strength of copper. She prepares samples and tests the strength of copper by applying random amounts of pressure on the samples. Her research is best described as
a. applied.
b. basic.
c. evaluation.
d. action.
Q:
Ken is interested in determining if there are differences between men's occurrence of obesity and prior football team experience. He compares three different groups of men. In one group he has men that played football in jr. high, but not high school or post-high school. Those in the second group played in jr. high and high school but not post-high school. Those in the third group played all three. As part of the study he weighs the men to calculate obesity.
The weighing of the men would be included in which step of the research process?
a. Recognition and identification of a topic to be studied.
b. Description and execution of procedures.
c. Analysis of data.
d. Stating the results or implications.
Q:
An ethnographic account is generally written as a(n)
a. narrative.
b. technical report.
c. autobiography.
d. biography.