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Question
In Neil v. Biggers (1972) and Manson v. Braithwaite (1977) the Supreme Court establishedfive factors that determine the reliability of an identification. These factors include
a. the witness's opportunity to view the criminal during the crime
b. the length of time between the crime and the subsequent identification
c. the level of certainty demonstrated by the witness at the identification
d. all the above
Answer
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Related questions
Q:
It is estimated that approximately __________ innocent people are convicted each year in
the United States because of mistaken eyewitness identification
a. 9, 500
b. 3, 500
c. 4,500
d. 1,500
Q:
One of the major ways forensic psychologists are involved in criminal investigations is by
the identification of suspects. This is accomplished by applying psychological science to
a. interviewing witnesses
b. obtaining confessions
c. structuring lineups
d. all the above
Q:
This technique is designed to fully immerse a person in a partially-recalled situation using
"freedom of description" rather than hypnosis
a. deep imagery induction
b. in vitro hierarchy
c. cognitive interview
d. guided imagery
Q:
_______________ within the military about obtaining mental health treatment often
prevent those in need of care from seeking it.
a. stigma
b. lack of family support
c. insufficient number of psychologists
d. a & c
Q:
"Memory hardening" refers to
a. the ineffectiveness of memory with the passage of time
b. the ineffectiveness of memory with the passage of events
c. the distortion of memory due to the effects of extraneous events
d. none of the above
Q:
In the "HEARTS" model of dealing with terror, "H" stands for
a. how one feels
b. history of events
c. healthy thoughts
d. healthy actions
Q:
Generally speaking, voice samples presented for longer durations are remembered with more
_______________ than voice samples presented for shorter durations
a. difficulty
b. accuracy
c. anxiety
d. confidence
Q:
The use of a semi-transparent mirror to observe the reflection of light perpendicular to a
surface in order to retrieve latent fingerprints from smooth non-porous surfaces is called
a. alternative fingerprint analysis
b. episcopic coaxial illumination
c. iodine lifting
d. spectroanalysis
Q:
Shelters are often a safe haven for women who have experienced domestic violence. An
exception to this trend has been found in the case of _______________
a. religious women
b. lesbians
c. women of color
d. both b & c
Q:
In ancient times, fingerprints were often used as substitutes for
a. brand labels
b. warnings
c. signatures
d. both a and c
Q:
One big difference between negotiation and mediation is that
a. mediation takes place through the court
b. mediation involves a third party
c. negotiation takes place through the court
d. negotiation involves a third party
Q:
United States' courts at all levels have generally been _______________of police
departments' rights to order fitness-for-duty evaluations and for making the necessary
and appropriate recommendations based on these evaluations
a. unsupportive
b. suspicious
c. dismissive
d. supportive
Q:
In the New York 1989 Central Park Jogger case, the convictions of the defendants were
vacated because
a. witnesses supplied inaccurate information
b. the victim's eyewitness report was tainted
c. the defendants' confessions were false
d. the police planted incriminating evidence
Q:
The Supreme Court has created an exception to the Miranda requirements which covers
emergency situations where a police officer's safety may be in question. This is known as
a
a. police exception
b. safe entry exception
c. public safety exception
d. exigent circumstances exception
Q:
Which of the following is a law degree?
a. Ph.D.
b. JD
c. LLB
d. b & c
Q:
A suspect confesses, despite the knowledge of his innocence, due to extreme methods of
police interrogation. This is an example of
a. a coerced-internalized false confession
b. a voluntary false confession
c. a coerced-compliant false confession
d. a coerced-torture false confession
Q:
An individual makes self-incriminating statements that are purposeful and in the absence of
pressure by the police. This is an example of
a. a voluntary false confession
b. a coerced-compliant false confession
c. a coerced-internalized false confession
d. none of the above
Q:
Forensic psychology involves an overlapping relationship between
a. forensic science, experimental psychology, and the judiciary
b. clinical practice, forensic science, and the legal system
c. clinical psychology, experimental psychology, and counseling psychology
d. clinical practice, experimental research, and the law
Q:
Alfred Binet (1900) expressed that eyewitness reports were affected by
a. time deterioration
b. retroactive interference
c. proactive interference
d. suggestive questioning
Q:
"The application of scientific and professional aspects of psychology to questions and issues
relating to the law and the legal system" is a definition of
a. forensic science
b. clinical forensic science
c. forensic psychology
d. experimental forensic psychology
Q:
The Yerkes-Dodson law
a. describes the effects of arousal on learning
b. describes the effects of complexity on learning
c. describes the effects of past experience on memory
d. describes the effects of conformity on memory
Q:
A victim is raped but fails to report the rape for several hours. She also fails to name her attacker.
Such behavior is most consistent with
a. posttraumatic stress disorder
b. rape trauma syndrome
c. retroactive memory falsification
d. battered partner syndrome
Q:
The term "refrigerator moms" referred to producing children who were
a. autistic
b. schizophrenic
c. school-phobic
d. oppositional
Q:
A suspect is presented in a lineup (or instructions are given to the witness) in such a manner
as to convey to the witness who the police want the witness to choose. This is known as
a. police malpractice
b. police malfeasance
c. simulation bias
d. presentation bias
Q:
A sequential photo spread is different from a simultaneous photo spread, in that in the latter
a. photos of suspects are presented at one time
b. photos of suspects are presented one at a time
c. photos of suspects are presented to allow for relative judgments
d. photos of suspects are presented to allow for comparative judgment
Q:
"Applying natural, physical and social sciences to the resolution of social and legal issues" is an
appropriate definition of
a. forensic science
b. forensic psychology
c. forensic odontology
d. applied forensic psychology
Q:
All of the following are estimator variables, except
a. lighting
b. stress
c. fatigue
d. the type of questioning employed
Q:
Dennis Rader was also known as the
a. Virginia Tech killer
b. BTK killer
c. Clown killer
d. Texas Tower killer
Q:
The defense that a defendant's mental illness caused him to dramatically increase his consumption
of junk food to deal with his problems, and that this made him feel more depressed, contributing
to the likelihood of violent actions, was called the
a. Twinkie Defense
b. Harvey Milk defense
c. San Francisco defense
d. Syndrome defense
Q:
In July 1996, the explosion of TWA Flight 800 was reported by 20 eyewitnesses as
having been caused by a _______________
a. comet
b. bomb
c. missile
d. bird