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Question
In 2008, Congress overhauled the __________ Act to bring federal surveillance statutes into closer alignment with what the government had been secretly doing. The legislation essentially legalized certain aspects of the National Security Agency's (NSA's) surveillance program.Answer
This answer is hidden. It contains 31 characters.
Related questions
Q:
Why do citizens seem to want more police officers on foot patrol rather than in police cars?
Q:
Rapid response to calls to 911 works better in discovery crimes than in involvement crimes.
Q:
Police special weapons and tactical teams are popularly known as __________
Q:
A method in which the patrol force is split and half respond to calls for service and the other half performs directed patrol activities is called __________ patrol.
Q:
The two basic kinds of tactical operations are __________patrol tactics and __________patrol.
Q:
We will always need some type of rapid police response to citizens' calls to 911, even though we have to realize that a __________ response is highly unrealistic.
Q:
In differential response to calls for service, responses to citizens' calls to 911 for service are matched to the type and ____________________ of the calls.
a. severity
b. location
c. numerical order
d. time of day
Q:
The calls radioed to patrol officers, or assignments given to police patrol units by 911 dispatchers, reveal the types of problems for which people call the police and the types of problems:
a. the police feel deserve a response by patrol units
b. that are important to administration
c. encountered by citizens daily
d. that the local government wants handled
Q:
Most departments utilize:
a. a take-home car program
b. person-owned vehicles (POVs)
c. fleet vehicles
d. preowned vehicles
Q:
____________________ is/are the most expensive part of a police department's budget.
a. Fuel costs
b. Equipment
c. Personnel
d. Liability insurance
Q:
Academic studies regarding response time indicate that:
a. citizens generally cannot or do not report crimes immediately
b. the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within two minutes of the call
c. the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within five minutes of the call
d. rapid response is most important in discovery crimes
Q:
Explain biased-based policing.
Q:
Any police-initiated activity that relies on a person's race or ethnic background rather than on behavior as a basis for identifying that individual as being involved in criminal activity is called ____________________.
a. noble cause policing
b. situational stereotype policing
c. biased-based policing
d. dispositional policing
Q:
Officers who participate in more aggressive types of corruption by seeking out and taking advantage of opportunities for corruption are called ____________________.
a. meat-eaters
b. grass-eaters
c. dirt-eaters
d. tree-eaters
Q:
The Knapp Commission was a(n) ____________________ commission.
a. international
b. federal
c. state
d. local
Q:
A tort is a:
a. felony case
b. misdemeanor case
c. criminal wrong
d. private wrong
Q:
Police testimony that narcotics they found on the ground were dropped by persons they arrested has been called:
a. dropsy testimony
b. fallen testimony
c. on-the-ground testimony
d. all of these choices
Q:
Jerome Skolnick wrote that police deception, if it occurs, usually occurs at three stages of the police detection process. Which of the following is not one of those stages?
a. investigation
b. arrest
c. interrogation
d. testimony in court
Q:
____________________ is an administrative action coordinated through the state police standards organization that will determine if cause exists to strip an officer of his or her state certification to be a police officer.
a. Certification suspension
b. Interstate certification
c. Background certification
d. Decertification
Q:
Which of the following is an example of the standards governing police ethics?
a. U.S. Constitution
b. Bill of Rights
c. case law as determined by appellate courts and the U.S. Supreme Court
d. all of these choices
Q:
The Greek philosopher who wrote the classic Nicomachean Ethics was:
a. Aristotle
b. Plato
c. Socrates
d. Onassis
Q:
Stephen Leinen attributed the disappearance of institutional discrimination against African Americans in police departments in recent years to all of the following except:
a. legal events of the civil rights era
b. the urban riots of the 1960s
c. efforts of black police officer organizations
d. social and political events of the civil rights era
Q:
As late as the mid-1970s, female officers in some jurisdictions experienced different sets of rules from those for male officers.
Q:
Homosexuals have not been discriminated against in police hiring practices.
Q:
The United States has a long history of job discrimination against women and minorities.
Q:
In the early days of female policing, women were normally used in only three actual police-related jobs. They were __________, __________, and __________.
Q:
____________________ agencies tend to lead the way with the employment of Asian Americans in law enforcement.
a. Texas
b. California
c. New York
d. Arizona
Q:
The primary instrument governing employment equality, as well as all equality, in U.S. society is the ____________________ Amendment to the United States Constitution.
a. First
b. Second
c. Fourteenth
d. Twenty-first
Q:
Until the 1970s, it was presumed that women were not as capable of performing the same type of patrol duty as men because:
a. of their gender and size
b. they could not testify in court
c. they were not good drivers
d. they would side with women in domestic disputes
Q:
The Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972 (EEOA):
a. expanded the jurisdiction and strengthened the powers of the EEOC
b. allowed employees of state and local governments to file employment discrimination suits with the EEOC
c. made the provisions of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, including Title VII, applicable to state and local governments
d. all of these choices