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Question
In a series of court cases starting in 2005, the Supreme Court struck down the mandatory nature of sentencing guidelines, while still allowing them to be used in an advisory capacity.Answer
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Related questions
Q:
The argument by some that there must be secrecy concerning interrogation tactics so they can be more effective is referred to as the:
a. "doctrine of necessity"
b. "doctrine of the weak"
c. "doctrine of the insurgents"
d. "doctrine of tolerance"
Q:
"Waterboarding" is also known as:
a. "water interrogation"
b. the "water cure"
c. the "aquatic interrogation"
d. "aquatic policing"
Q:
Bagram prison is in:
a. Iraq
b. Afghanistan
c. Iran
d. Cuba
Q:
The principle of double effect:
a. justifies a means that results in an unintended negative
b. justifies a negative means
c. justifies a negative end for a good means
d. justifies a means that results in a good end
Q:
What are some possible positive outcomes of adopting restorative justice programs?
Q:
Explain how Abu Ghraib can provide us with lessons for managing the ethical prison.
Q:
Philip Zimbardo's prison experiment took place on the campus of Stanford University
Q:
While it is legal to allow female guards to supervise male inmates, it is illegal to allow male guards to supervise female inmates.
Q:
One criticism of restorative justice suggests that __________________ offenders may be good for the individual victim but may not be good for the "class of victims" who have yet to be victimized.
a. Forgiving
b. Incarcerating
c. Executing
d. suing
Q:
It is possible that this situation developed out of the sight of top administrators at the prison because they are more involved with external matters, such as dealing with the legislature, media, courts, and community. In the text this is referred to as having a(n) _____________________ .a. external focusb. conflicting priorityc. multiple stakeholdersd. outward orientation
Q:
Which aspect of penalties found in sentencing circles emphasize the individual's responsibility to the victim and society?a. community serviceb. apologyc. shamingd. restitution
Q:
According to the text, which of the following statements is true?
a. the U.S. holds 5 percent of the world's population but 50 percent of its prisoners
b. the U.S. holds 5 percent of the world's population but 25 percent of its prisoners
c. the U.S. holds 5 percent of the world's population and 5 percent of its prisoners
d. the U.S. holds 5 percent of the world's population but 75 percent of its prisoners
Q:
Souryal argued that "integrated thinking" and _____________________ were important elements for an ethical climate.
a. "reasoning"
b. "moral agility"
c. "wisdom"
d. "conflict resolution"
Q:
A group called _________________ was formed at Salinas Valley Prison when inmates who had injured officers in a disturbance were then beaten by the officers in turn.
a. "The Christmas Party"
b. "The Green Wall"
c. "The Wall of Pain"
d. "The Salinas Tribunals"
Q:
Inadequate medical care and elimination of visits or other programs are all examples of which of the following types of prison abuse identified by Bomse?
a. malicious or purposeful abuse
b. negligent abuse
c. systemic or budgetary abuse
d. intentional sexual abuse
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the three types of prison abuse identified by Bomse?
a. malicious or purposeful abuse
b. negligent abuse
c. systematic or budgetary abuse
d. intentional sexual abuse
Q:
Souryal legally defines _____________________ as the use of oppression or extralegal methods, and ethically, as the failure of officers to demonstrate compassion or keep a promise.
a. Malfeasance
b. Corruption
c. Abuse
d. nonfeasance
Q:
Souryal's corruption typology includes all of the following categories except:
a. arbitrary use of power
b. oppression and failure to demonstrate compassion/caring
c. abusing authority for personal gain
d. mismanagement of prison resources
Q:
Discuss ethical issues faced by probation and parole officers.
Q:
Stigmatizing shaming is:
a. the idea that certain types of punishment can lead to a reduction of recidivism as long as they do not involve banishment
b. the effect of punishment whereby the offender feels rejected by the community
c. partly accomplished by exiling the individual
d. no longer practice in the industrialized world
Q:
Which ethical system is used to support preventing crime using deterrence, incapacitation, and/or treatment?
a. Ethical Formalism
b. Ethics of Care
c. Rawlsian Ethics
d. Utilitarianism
Q:
Which of the following is not a method of prevention?
a. Deterrence
b. Treatment
c. Incapacitation
d. Just deserts
Q:
Which set of thinkers saw criminal acts as symptoms of underlying pathology?
a. Neo-classicists
b. Utilitarians
c. Positivists
d. Formalists
Q:
Describe the importance of judicial independence but, also, explain why judicial oversight is necessary.
Q:
What are some of the reasons that people distrust the justice system?
Q:
The ruling in the ___________ case prohibits attorneys from using their peremptory challenges to exclude a juror on the basis of race.
Q:
______________________________ are those freedoms that the framers would have recognized whether or not they were specifically mentioned in the Bill of Rights or Constitution.
Q:
The _______________________________ refer to an affiliation of groups of lawyers in different locales who identify and defend those individuals in prison who may have been wrongfully convicted.
Q:
The investigation known as ______________________ involved the bribery of several Chicago judges.
Q:
It is very common for attorneys to file complaints against judges that the attorneys feel had engaged in misconduct.