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Question
Findings from Wolfgang's landmark Delinquency in a Birth Cohort study contributed to a shift in crime control policy from specific to general incapacitation.Answer
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Related questions
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Assess the usefulness of community prosecution programs.
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How has the war on drugs provided ex-offenders with a unique barrier to employment?
a. federal law requires states to revoke their drivers' licenses
b. convicted drug offenders are barred from holding jobs in nursing and as barbers
c. parolees are subjected to urinalysis and lose their job if there is evidence of drug use
d. a drug conviction bars parolees from receiving a job referral from his/her parole officer
Q:
Providing post-release services in the first six months after a prisoner's release is known asa. feedback effect b. proactive supervision c. ecometricsd. front-loading
Q:
Community prosecution applies the basic principles of __________ to the prosecution stage of the criminal process.a. traditional policing b. problem-oriented policing c. offender reentry programsd. restorative justice
Q:
An evaluation of Operation Cease Fire found
a. no change as the policy was not implemented as intended
b. a decrease in the unemployment rate and a reduction in the level of drug activity
c. a decrease in both violent and property crime in the treatment areas
d. a decrease in youth homicides and number of calls to police regarding shots fired
Q:
An important policy implication of collective efficacy is?a. impact of environmental issues b. formal crime reduction strategies c. trust in local criminal justice agenciesd. distrust in formal social control
Q:
One aspect of collective efficacy is the ceding of social control.
Q:
Evaluate the argument that drug treatment programs are effective through consideration of the various types of programs, reduction in drug use and relapse.
Q:
The biggest challenge for effective drug treatment isa. the ever-growing range of available drugs b. removing the stigma of drug treatment c. obtaining fundingd. matching the right program with the right client
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People who engage in certain illicit behaviors that are most likely to respond to information dissemination programs area. poor and desperate b. prior offenders c. fifth and sixth gradersd. successful and educated
Q:
Why is the DARE program ineffective?a. use of lecture rather than participative instruction b. influence of peers c. lack of training of police officersd. all of the above
Q:
The "Scared Straight" program used which of the educational strategies?
a. information dissemination
b. fear arousal
c. moral appeal
d. affective education
Q:
We can reasonably conclude that legalization of drugs will lead to a reduction in what type of drug crime?a. drug-defined b. drug-related c. crimes associated with drug used. all of the abovee. none of the above
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The hysteria over the drug problem involving crack babies wasa. underestimated b. an accurate representation of the drug problem c. greatly exaggeratedd. none of the above
Q:
Properly managed drug court programs are effective in reducing both drug use and criminal behavior.
Q:
Minorities use illegal drugs more heavily than Caucasians.
Q:
Owls emphasize law enforcement to eradicate drug abuse while doves prefer prevention and treatment of drug abuse.
Q:
Summarize the rationale for decriminalization and its potential consequences.
Q:
Discuss the role that legitimacy plays in gaining compliance with the law.
Q:
The amount of time lawyers spent with felony defendants in criminal courts
a. was not associated with procedural justice
b. had no impact on their behavior or attitudes toward the CJS
c. had an effect on their recidivism rates
d. was associated with their satisfaction with the criminal justice system
Q:
For years, decriminalizing certain offenses was a major liberal policy recommendation. That changed becausea. conservatives embraced the same policies b. most of those offenses have been decriminalized or deemphasized c. decriminalization of those offenses undermined the principles of procedural justiced. those offenses are now recognized as detrimental to society
Q:
In evaluating the effectiveness of faith-based treatment programs
a. organic religion was least effective in reducing crime
b. there was higher recidivism rates among secular programs than faith-based ones
c. there is inconclusive evidence that faith-based programs are more effective than secular ones
d. intentional religion was most effective in reducing crime
Q:
President George W. Bush created the Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives in January 2001. When President Barack Obama entered office, he
a. kept the program intact
b. changed the name of the office to "Belief-Based and Community Initiatives"
c. eliminated all faith-based programs
d. continued the program, but with a slight change in emphasis and name
Q:
One of the problems with net widening in a diversion program is that
a. more offenders escape the CJS without receiving either treatment or punishment
b. the cost savings are never realized because more people become part of the CJS process
c. both programs are voluntary in nature and tend to compete with one another
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Q:
Research on offender reentry programs confirms
a. parole is better than unconditional release
b. those who desire to change have tools available to them
c. the inadequacy of treatment services
d. that regarding rehabilitation, nothing works
Q:
How do rearrest rates for offenders released on parole compare to those released unconditionally?
a. there is little difference
b. parolees were rearrested slightly more frequently
c. those released unconditionally were rearrested far more frequently
d. parolees are more likely to be rearrested for a felony while those released unconditionally are more likely to be rearrested for a misdemeanor
Q:
According to the text, the best crime reduction policy is?
a. rehabilitation
b. incapacitation
c. getting older
d. being female
Q:
Which of the following terms is defined as a planned intervention that reduces an offender's further criminal activity?a. rehabilitation b. aging out c. diversiond. intermediate sanction
Q:
Drug courts specialize in handling only offenders with substance abuse problems by sentencing them to jail rather than a long prison term.
Q:
Evaluations of boot camps have found positive long-term changes in behaviors.