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Question
Explain the concepts of the ideal and actual self. How do we bridge the gaps between these two selves?Answer
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Identify what the term cooptation means. Give an illustration of the concept and demonstrate how it applies to the movement of meaning as shown in the text.
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Jonesy will buy only the lowest-priced spark plug when he goes shopping for auto supplies. Because his car is very old, he really doesn't care about any other qualities. Jonesy is most likely using the noncompensatory decision rule.
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Sylvester is a financially poor college student. He tries to make every purchase decision a wise one because of his economic situation. Based on the types of risk mentioned in the text, Sylvester's primary risk when making decisions would appear to be a psychological risk.
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A consumer who falls back on "mental rules of thumb" when making a decision is using heuristics.
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Traditionally, consumer researchers have approached the study of decision making from an information-processing perspective.
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The first step in the cognitive decision-making process is to conduct an information search.
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A small company, Craig Inventions, produced a pill that had the nutrient value of a healthy breakfast. The company put the product on the market as a substitute for breakfast for busy people. The product failed. Craig Inventions then marketed the pill as a diet product and it became very successful. What does the example best demonstrate?
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B) The company confused a subordinate level with a basic level of categorization, which led to the company's failure to identify the product's most important competitors.
C) The company confused a superordinate level with a subordinate level of categorization.
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Casinos make their interiors very plush and expensive looking, knowing that gamblers who would be reluctant to make a $10 bet in average surroundings would gladly make $100 wagers in luxurious surroundings. Which of the following best explains the gamblers' behavior?
A) Mental accounting emphasizes the extraneous characteristics of the choice environment even if the results are not rational.
B) Most people are unaware of the true risk of making certain decisions and believe that a larger wager has higher odds of winning.
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Chen Lo used a decision rule that says, "only buy well-known brand names" when selecting a set of golf clubs. He did not look at price, the store, or even discounts when purchasing clubs. Chen Lo's purchasing pattern is an example of a consumer using a ________ rule.
A) habitual decision
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C) noncompensatory
D) conjunctive
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Consumers can be thought of as ________ because they tend to make decisions in the simplest way possible.
A) high in need for cognition
B) superprocessors
C) utility maximizers
D) cognitive misers
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What type of information search is a female customer engaged in when she scans the newspaper ads every day for new information on fashions, even though she isn't thinking of buying anything anytime soon?
A) prepurchase search
B) ongoing search
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Under ________, utility is defined in terms of gains and losses.
A) prospect theory
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C) hyperopia
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A consumer who uses a few simple decision rules to arrive at a purchase decision is using which of the following?
A) routine decision making
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In a thought process called ________, we evaluate the effort we'll need to make a particular choice and then we tailor the amount of cognitive "effort" we expend to make that choice.
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Explain the concept of the 80/20 rule and why it is important to marketers.
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A) botnet
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Which term refers to marketing techniques that are used to encourage positive behaviors such as literacy or discourage negative behaviors like drunk driving?
A) social media marketing
B) social marketing
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In Japanese, the word gemba means ________.
A) a possible interpretation of the truth
B) the one true source of information
C) the news
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Though the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) outlaws bribery in business practices, it is still common in ________.
A) Japan
B) Mexico
C) Germany
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A) norms
B) business ethics
C) codes
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Values associated with a long-term orientation are respect for social obligations and the need to save face.
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The indulgence versus restraint dimension of Hofstede's Dimensions of National Culture deals with the extent to which a society allows relatively free gratification of basic and natural human drives related to enjoying life.
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A metaphysical myth fulfills the cultural function of explaining how the components of the universe relate to each other.
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Country singers Marty Stewart and Travis Tritt and their record label decided to change the culture of the Country and Western music scene. With their now famous "No Hats" tour, the singers abandoned conventional country and western fashion (they threw away their hats, let their hair grow long, and wore t-shirts) and tried to appeal to larger and younger audiences with a grinding, sexy message. The process that these singers went through is best described as a ________.
A) cultural funnel
B) culture production system (CPS)
C) culture distribution system (CDS)
D) culture gatekeeping process (CGP)