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Question
During adolescence, several neurobiological changes take place that influence a young person's behavior. For example, the axons in the frontal lobe continue to be myelinated. Describe key neurobiological changes and how they affect adolescent behavior.Answer
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Related questions
Q:
Caron is riding her stick horse through the house and racing Devin. Her dad can't see Devin, but watches Caron race across the room and instruct Devin to hide. What stage of play is Caron demonstrating?
a. constructive
b. symbolic
c. rough and tumble
d. real games
Q:
Ishmael's mother noticed that her child had a sudden sharp increase in the amount of time he can pay attention to her. Ishmael now can resist distractions and listen long enough to his mother's directions that he can fully understand and remember his routine of brushing teeth before bedtime. We can predict Ishmael is how old?
a. 6 years old
b. 5 years old
c. 3 years old
d. 9 years old
Q:
When we listen to two 3-year-old children play, we expect to hear them:
a. engage in conversation that lacks interaction.
b. engage in conversations that involve listening and responding to each other.
c. share ideas, discuss and plan their play together.
d. communicate based on an understanding of what they perceive to be the thoughts and feelings of the other person.
Q:
Franklin, who is two years old, repeatedly laughs as he pretends to throw the tennis ball at his older brother. Franklin is demonstrating thought at which Piagetian stage of cognitive development?
a. operational
b. sensorimotor
c. preoperational
d. symbolic function
Q:
Carlotta (an immigrant from Mexico) is worried about her 6-year-old granddaughter who is learning English at school, but hearing Spanish spoken at home. What will help her granddaughter become a balanced bilingual?
a. She needs to hear English spoken at least 25% of the time.
b. She needs to stop speaking Spanish at home and speak English around her family.
c. She needs to continue developing her Spanish and speak Spanish at school when possible.
d. She needs to hear English spoken more than half the time.
Q:
What level of abstract thinking is a child most likely to understand around the age of six?
a. He understands that the moon is closer to earth than the sun, and the moon is thousands of miles away.
b. She understands that she is the youngest person in her family and the oldest in her preschool class.
c. He understands that he is taller than his little brother and will eventually catch up in age with his older brother.
d. She understands that a bouncing ball stops bouncing because gravity pulls it to the earth.
Q:
A parent of a 6-year-old girl stops by your child development center to ask what types of activities and modifications you will make to ensure your center is "lefty" friendly. The mother explains that she became very frustrated with the previous center where her child was enrolled because the staff seemed to cater only to right-handed children. How will you respond to this concerned mother? What are three things you can do to ensure you are attending to children's handedness?
Q:
Of great concern is the fact that 60% of American children ages 3 to 11:
a. are exposed to second-hand smoke.
b. live in an area with substandard air pollution.
c. are victims of accidental poisoning.
d. play with toys that may be harmful.
Q:
Anna did not want to tell her parents that she took a part-time job during her freshman year in college. Her parents were concerned about her academic and social adjustment to college, so they told her not to work until her junior year. Anna, however, wanted some extra spending money in college, and it seemed everyone else in her residence hall had a part-time job. She applied and was hired as a part-time waitress at a local restaurant near campus. Anna liked her boss, the hours and tips were good, and she found she could keep up with her school work if she worked only ten hours per week. All was going well until late October when the restaurant's main water pipe broke and the restaurant needed to close for a few days. In the manager's attempt to reach Anna and warn her about the sudden closure, he called her parents' phone number (the listing for emergency contacts) and talked to Anna's mother. Anna's secret was out. Her mother immediately called Anna and asked, "Is there something you think you should tell me?" How common is Anna's behavior, and should her mother be worried about her relationship with her daughter?
Q:
It is perfectly normal and parents should not be concerned when:
a. their four-year-old daughter eats 1600 calories per day.
b. their child's appetite decreases from ages 2 to 6.
c. their four-year-old son decreases his daily protein intake by 30%.
d. their four-year-old son's milk consumption increases to five cups a day.
Q:
William is a high school junior. Sometimes he seems normal and gets along with everyone. At other times, he seems moody, irritable, and aggressive. Some days he is very energetic and then suddenly acts depressed and withdrawn. William is probably suffering from:
a. bipolar disorder
b. depressive disorder.
c. schizophrenia
d. executive function disorder
Q:
What group of adolescents has the highest suicide rate?
a. adolescents in the age range 10-13
b. adolescent boys
c. adolescent girls from poor, inner city neighborhoods
d. adolescents who are from minority groups
Q:
Researchers have found that the transition from middle school to high school is most difficult for:
a. students who are accustomed to authoritarian teachers.
b. students from poor, inner city neighborhoods.
c. students who attend charter or private schools.
d. gifted students who now enter a more competitive academic environment.
Q:
Females typicallly have more dense nerve connections in areas of the brain associated with
a. linguistic processing
b. spatial reasoning
c. all cognitive processes
d. mathematical reasoning
Q:
Mr. and Mrs. Wright had a positive relationship with their daughter during her childhood. What is most likely to happen to their relationship during the daughter's adolescence?
a. They will probably continue to have a good relationship with their daughter during adolescence.
b. They are likely to encounter drastic changes in their daughter. Parent-child conflicts are more common between parents and daughters.
c. Children who have a positive relationship with their parents during childhood usually rebel against parents and demand autonomy from them during adolescence.
d. Adolescent-parent conflict is less common between girls and their parents than between boys and their parents. Mr. and Mrs. Wright will probably see a manageable decline in the relationship.
Q:
Myelination is a process that:
a. controls emotions and impulses.
b. stimulates physical growth and muscle mass development.
c. increases brain efficiency and memory.
d. prunes away less adaptive circuits.
Q:
Adolescents raised by authoritative parents are more likely to:
a. lie about their activities and behaviors.
b. engage in socially deviant behaviors.
c. rebel against their parents.
d. be socially and emotionally well-adjusted.
Q:
Taylor is a typical adolescent in that he is constantly fighting with his parents about his:
a. political ideologies.
b. curfew time on the weekends.
c. religious beliefs.
d. plans for college.
Q:
Your best friend just delivered her baby at 33 weeks. You want to be supportive and informed. You are reading about the causes of prematurity and the dangers associated with premature births. What does your reading most likely reveal about the causes of prematurity and the problems associated with it?
Q:
Adolescents tend to feel self-conscious about many aspects of their lives, but one aspect is considered to be the predictor of overall self-worth. Which of the following adolescents is most likely to rate the highest in self-worth?
a. Joe believes he is the best student in his science class.
b. Carson thinks his physical appearance is better than any of the other guys.
c. Monte sees himself as the most advanced reader in his school.
d. Stephano believes he is the best athlete on the football team.
Q:
Adolescents' most important developmental task is to resolve the crisis of identity versus role confusion. Which category of identity status results from healthy exploration of roles and commitment to beliefs and choices?
a. identity achievement
b. identity diffusion
c. identity foreclosure
d. moratorium
Q:
Paula has a history of hemophilia in her family. She was extremely relieved when the tests from her ______________ test revealed that her fetus is healthy and does not show evidence of being at risk for hemophilia.
a. alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
b. amniocentesis
c. ultra-sound imaging
d. DNA
Q:
Lanier is a 16-year-old boy whose older brother uses drugs and encourages Lanier to try drugs. Which of the following approaches is most likely to help Lanier take a different path from his brother and remain drug-free?
a. Participating in the DARE drug prevention program in his community
b. Staying connected at school and maintaining positive relationships with adults
c. Attending lectures and watching DVDs that expose facts about the harmful effects of drugs
d. Encouraging Lanier to influence his brother not to use drugs
Q:
Which adolescent was most likely to have been obese?
a. Sarah, who was 15 in 2004
b. Briana, who was 15 in 1990
c. Amanda, who was 15 in 1980
d. Vicki, who was 15 in 1970
Q:
Caitlin is a typical adolescent. She just learned that her dad is being transferred to another city far from Caitlin's current friends and familiar surroundings. Caitlin is very emotional about the news, cries uncontrollably, and runs off to a friend's house during the night. Her older sister seems relatively unaffected by the news. From a developmental perspective, what might explain the difference?
a. During adolescence, the prefrontal lobe is developing more slowly than the emotion center in the brain.
b. During adolescence, the corpus callosum shows the greatest increase in size and stimulates emotions.
c. During adolescence, neurological changes occur rapidly and brain functions are less integrated.
d. During adolescence, myelination of axons slows the development of the judgment and decision making center of the brain.
Q:
Dr. Ortiz is directing research in which negative behaviors of minority children are being studied. Several parents of minority children voiced a common complaint about the research. Which of the following most likely relates to their complaint?
a. The research was not conducted during school hours.
b. Research did not include the development of social programs for the children and parents.
c. Negative behaviors were being studied, but not positive behaviors.
d. The testing did not guarantee solutions to children's problems.
Q:
The following girls are all 14 years of age. Which of them most likely experienced menarche at the youngest age?
a. Corrinne's mother experienced menarche at the age of 13.
b. Candace lives in a stressful, unsupportive home environment.
c. Penny lives in a border town where street gangs threaten citizens on a daily basis.
d. Katie lives in a warm, protective home environment.
Q:
As a society why should we be so concerned about aggressive children and young bullies?
Q:
A researcher wants to understand resiliency in children after they experience failure. Although the researcher did not obtain approval from the Institutional Review Board, she did obtain signatures of parents/guardians on informed consent forms. The children in the study do not know it, but the researcher programmed the computer software so that the students will not be able to complete the science problem they are given in their virtual online science laboratory. The researcher is most interested in seeing which children become frustrated to the point of crying or giving up prior to solving the problem. What is our major concern with this research study?
a. The researcher collected informed consent forms from the parents and guardians, but not the children.
b. The researcher may cause harm to the children, who may become frustrated and ultimately distrustful of adults. The researcher is using deceptive practices in her research design.
c. The research design actually discriminates against children from lower income families. They have less experience with technology such as the virtual online science laboratory.
d. The research design ultimately examines intelligence. The more intelligent children will recognize the impossibility of the task and stop trying. Children with lower intelligence will keep trying.
Q:
During a qualitative study, a researcher interviewed a cross-section of children from single-parent households about parent-child relationships based on varied parenting styles. During the interviews, the researcher saw bruises on one of the six-year-olds and learned (during the interview with the child) that he was being abused at home. What should the researcher do?
a. Ask the child's permission to report the abuse.
b. Research ethics require confidentiality. The researcher should not report the abuse.
c. Talk to the child's parent and warn the parent about the evidence.
d. Report the abuse and act in the child's best interests.