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Question
Define the terms effective dose and lethal dose. Explain how these might be used to calculate the therapeutic index of a drug.Answer
No answer provided.Related questions
Q:
At dosage levels above 1,000 mg, the effects of dextromethorphan are very similar to those of a. phencyclidine.b. high doses of cocaine.c. the now-banned substance methaqualone. d. inhalants.
Q:
According to your text, there are _______known analogs of the MDMA molecule. a. 650b. 375 c. 184 d. 78
Q:
All it takes to make a "new" drug from an existing compound is the removal or addition of a. a single molecule.b. a hydroxyl chain. c. an adulterant.d. carbon atoms to the core structure.
Q:
The national prohibition against most of the drugs of abuse means that abusers are a. limited to inner-city minority group members.b. criminals if they abuse a prohibited substance.c. usually forgiven for any crimes committed if they are rural, older males. d. affirming their 8th amendment rights.
Q:
Juvenile delinquency, which has long been thought to be a result of illicit drug use, usually a. develops at the same age that illicit drug use does.b. precedes the development of illicit drug use.c. does not appear to be related to illicit drug use at all. d. develops after the initiation of illicit drug use.
Q:
Discuss the six stages of a typical HIV infection.
Q:
Discuss the chain of HIV infection as it pertains to drug use.
Q:
It is believed that _______of those who are infected with HIV in the U.S. are unaware of this fact. a. 5 percentb. 30 percent c. 15 percent d. 60 percent
Q:
Within the course of 50 years, AIDS went from an obscure disease found only in isolated parts of Africa to a. the 4th most common cause of death in Africa.b. the 9th most common cause of death globally.c. the most common infectious disease encountered by physicians today. d. the 4th most common cause of death globally.
Q:
Intravenous drug abusersa. rarely follow sterile injection procedures. b. usually do not share needles with others. c. rarely have a viral infection in their blood.d. have different bacterial types on their skin than non-addicts.
Q:
One of the three factors that have been found to determine the success of AA is
a. the average number of people who come to each meeting in a chapter.
b. the amount of friends one makes in the chapter.
c. the location of the meeting being in a house of worship.
d. the frequency with which the individual attends meetings.
Q:
What percentage of those who join AA will abstain from alcohol for the rest of their lives?a. 20 percent b. 5 percent c. 75 percent d. 50 percent
Q:
The research pool addressing Alcoholics Anonymous and its success a. consistently supports the claim that it is effective.b. is rather limited.c. is based on mandatory participation in research studies.d. suggests that those ordered to attend by the courts tend to take longer to benefit from the group than voluntary members.
Q:
Under normal conditions, cocaine can be detected on urine toxicology tests for a. up to 12 hours after the person's last use of this compound.b. 72-96 hours after the person's last use of this compound. c. 1-4 weeks after the person's last use of this compound.d. about 8 hours after the person's last use of this compound.
Q:
Alcohol can be detected in a urine sample for about a. 8 hours after the person's last drink.b. 4 hours after the person's last drink.c. 2 hours after the person's last drink.d. as long as they would test positive on breath analysis.
Q:
Urine toxicology testinga. is efficient because of the ease of sample collection.b. samples a number of compounds that might either directly or indirectly be identified. c. offers the opportunity for collection of serial samples over a number of days.d. is not a perfect therapeutic tool.
Q:
One way to deal with a client who wishes to share a secret with a staff person is for that staff person to
a. agree to keep the client's secret in confidence as part of the process of building a therapeutic relationship.
b. agree to keep the client's secret in confidence as long it is does not involve a felony offense.
c. suggest the therapeutic environment is not one of trust, and that the client should thus keep this information to him- or herself.
d. inform the client that any information revealed will be made part of a chart note, and thus available only to other staff members and not to other persons in treatment.
Q:
Naltrexone will block the euphoric effects of a narcotic analgesic for ______ after it was ingested. a. up to 72 hoursb. only 12 hours c. 5-7 daysd. no longer than one day
Q:
The minimum effective dose of Methadone has been found to be a. 50 mg per day.b. 60 mg per day. c. 70 mg per day. d. 80 mg per day.
Q:
Methadone is thought to be effective because it
a. blocks just 25-35 percent of opioid receptor sites, enough to prevent cravings for these drugs over extended periods of time.
b. binds to narcotic analgesic molecules in the blood, preventing them from forming chemical bonds with blood proteins and thus being more easily removed from the circulation.
c. is able to block 50 percent of the mu receptor sites without activating them.
d. activates only the kappa opioid receptor sites, causing dysphoria should the individual abuse opioids.
Q:
A danger when using a pharmaceutical as an adjunct to the treatment of an addiction to drugs is that the a. physician prescribing the drug must guess at the effective dose.b. patient is already enamored with drugs, and pharmacotherapy might serve as a relapse trigger. c. synergistic effect between pharmaceuticals prescribed is rarely taken into account.d. psychopharmaceuticals utilized might work at cross purposes with the treatment staff's goals.
Q:
Your client informs you that he is currently taking Suboxone. You know that this is used in the treatment of ________ dependence. a. methamphetamineb. alcohol c. opiated. nicotine
Q:
Amber has overdosed on heroin and has just been rushed to the hospital. She has been given the drug Narcan to help stop the potentially fatal symptoms of the overdose. Amber has been administered this druga. intravenously. b. orally.c. intramuscularly.d. through any of these methods, depending on how acute her symptoms are.
Q:
An advantage of using the anticonvulsant carbamazepine over benzodiazepines for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal is that ita. is not addictive. b. is not sedating.c. creates nausea in the user. d. is much cheaper.
Q:
Clinical research has demonstrated that
a. one year after assessment, 50 percent of those assessed as having an SUD did not demonstrate even one symptom of the disorder.
b. those admitted to treatment appear to be more likely to achieve abstinence than those who do not seek admission.
c. the best treatment controls every aspect of clients' lives until they are able to deal with the problems they will encounter in that area of their lives.
d. rehabilitation programs play a stronger role in the client's life than social forces.
Q:
Nowinski's model suggests that the first step in recovery is thea. acceptance phase. b. declarative phase.c. decision to work towards natural recovery. d. surrender phase.
Q:
A person in recovery is especially vulnerable to what categories of "cues" to continued substance use?a. Internal and externalb. Internalized conflict over past abuse situations c. Home conflicts or work conflictsd. Concurrent medical cues
Q:
Research suggests that only ______of clients reach the maintenance phase of recovery. a. 30 percentb. 15 percent c. 5 percent d. 20 percent
Q:
The treatment approach in which a client is awarded points for continued abstinence (or loss of points for proven substance use), which they can later trade in for items is thea. motivational contingency approach. b. vertical achievement approach.c. voucher system.d. anticipatory contingency approach.
Q:
Which of the following seems to be foundational in the client's ability to recover?
a. The severity of the SUD
b. The client's interpersonal relationships
c. The client's expectations and selfevaluation
d. All of these answers