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Question
Define ethnocentrism and explain how it can be maladaptive.Answer
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What is meant by "brain drain" in immigration research?
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Define neoliberalism.
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Name three different types of development approaches that were used in the post-colonial era.
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In many places, multinational corporations employ large numbers of female workers because they are seen as more easily controllable than males.
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Although, in the 1960s, many anthropologists were employed by development organizations such as the United States Agency for International Development, by the 1980s, this number dropped precipitously.
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More than 1 billion of the world's population live on less than $1 a day but a meal for two at a good restaurant in a major wealthy city can easily top $100.
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What is the source of the problem between the indigenous Saami herders and the Norwegian government?
a. The government of Norway wants to intervene in Saami herding and animal ownership to make changes that they believe will be more efficient for both the Saami and Norway.
b. The Norwegian government wants to conscript the Saami into their national army and force them to become citizens of Norway. The Saami do not consider themselves to be citizens.
c. The Saami do not want to continue their indigenous lifestyle and the Norwegian government wants them to remain as herders for tourist purposes.
d. The Saami are trying to relocate to Sweden, which has better pastureland and better land use laws, but the Norwegian government will not let them leave.
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Probably the most important way that migrants contribute to the places they leave are:
a. Remittances sent to family back home.
b. Reducing population pressure in these places.
c. Opening new possibilities for education in the places they leave.
d. Increasing the political stability of the places they leave.
e. Allowing traditional culture to continue in the places they leave.
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During the Cold War of 1945-1989:
a. The economic problems of people in poor nations were largely ignored.
b. Peace was maintained almost everywhere in the world by the balance of power between the United States and the Soviets.
c. People in the world's poor nations fought proxy wars with money and weapons supplied by the United States and the Soviet Union.
d. People in the poor nations were largely free to construct their own economic and political systems in response to local tradition and condition.
e. The Soviet Union and the United States focused almost all their attention on Asia and only rarely intervened in African nations.
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Which of the following correctly compares energy consumption and environment in wealthy and poor countries?
a. Wealthy countries consume more energy but have less polluted environments than poor countries.
b. Poor countries consume less energy and have less polluted environments than wealthy nations.
c. Wealthy nations consume more energy and have more polluted environments than poor nations.
d. Poor nations consume more energy than wealthy nations but have more polluted environments.
e. Poor and wealthy nations consume vastly different amounts of energy but have environments that are approximately equally polluted.
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One important result of China's one child policy has been:
a. The skewing of the sex ratio in favor of boys.
b. The skewing of the sex ratio in favor of girls.
c. An increase in the speed with which people have migrated from rural to urban areas.
d. A new emphasis on increasing the population in rural areas relative to urban areas.
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Voluntary associations are most likely to emerge:
a. In hunting and gathering societies.
b. Among newly urbanized populations in agricultural societies.
c. As men's cults in patrilineal societies.
d. In pastoral societies where farmers and pastoralists fight over land.
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The success of Gerald Murray's forestry projects in Haiti was based on:
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b. Treating trees as a cash crop.
c. The support of key Haitian politicians.
d. The use of a key informant.
e. The fact that Murray was of Haitian ancestry.
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Civilizing mission refers to the notion that colonialism was a duty for Europeans but did not benefit the colonized.
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The main reason for rapid European success in the Americas was disease.
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Pillage was one of the main ways that Europeans transferred wealth from newly discovered areas to their home countries.
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In colonies, education was most frequently aimed at:
a. Achieving universal literacy.
b. Educating the poor, who would then become backers of the colonial regime.
c. Training the people that Europeans thought were the most primitive.
d. Training the children of the elites.
e. Fostering creativity and independence that could lead to prosperity.
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Corvee labor was a widespread practice in colonies until:
a. The American Revolution.
b. The Great War.
c. World War I.
d. World War II.
e. The Cold War.
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The key element that differentiates the European conquest of the Americas from European actions in Africa and Asia is that:
a. European technology was clearly far superior to that of Native Americans, but they had less of an advantage over Asians and Africans.
b. European diseases decimated American populations, but had very little effect on African and Asian populations.
c. European populations were much higher than those of the New World but much lower than the populations of Africa and Asia.
d. Native Americans understood the Europeans as gods. Africans and Asians were under no such illusions.
e. Essentially there is no difference between the two. European powers were able to conquer and dominate wherever they went.
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Physical violence used in order to force natives people to give up resources is called:
a. Corvee labor.
b. Conquest.
c. Pillage.
d. Excavation.
e. Expansion.
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In the early 1400s, a visitor from China to Europe:
a. Would have been concerned by the growing strength of the Catholic Church.
b. Would have been impressed by the speed with which technological innovation was taking place.
c. Would have been impressed with advances in medicine.
d. Would have thought Europe poverty stricken and backward.
e. Would have been impressed by the size and training of European armies.
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World music incorporates musical styles from cultures all over the world.
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Tourism in traditional societies has led to the emergence of artist as a special and distinct occupational specialization.
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Manga has a widespread and influential role in the popular culture of the global community.
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A very important function of art is symbolic communication.
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Bhangra is linked most tightly to identity in which cultural area?
a. British and French.
b. South Asia.
c. Middle Eastern.
d. Southern African.
e. Eastern Brazil.