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Question
Article SummaryArguing that a merger would lead to higher prices, reduced service, and significantly less competition, the Justice Department and attorneys general from 6 states and the District of Columbia filed a lawsuit in August to challenge the pending merger of American Airlines and US Airways. The lawsuit took some by surprise as the Justice Department has in recent years approved the mergers of Delta with Northwest and United with Continental. The European Union approved the merger in August, and American and US Airways had hoped to complete the merger by September.
Source: Even Perez, "US government seeks to block American-US Airways merger," CNN.com, August 13, 2013.
Refer to the Article Summary. A merger between two competitors such as American Airlines and US Airways may ultimately be approved by the Department of Justice and the FTC if the two companies can substantiate ________ as a result of the merger.
A) increases in revenue for the merged company
B) an increase in the HHI to over 1,800
C) decreases in marginal revenue for the merged company
D) increases in economic efficiency
Answer
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Related questions
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Perfectly competitive industries tend to produce low-priced, low-technology products.
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If a firm in a perfectly competitive industry introduces a lower-cost way of producing an existing product, the firm will be able to earn economic profits in the long run.
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Which of the following describes a difference between allocative efficiency and productive efficiency in a perfectly competitive market?
A) Allocative efficiency is achieved only in the long run. Productive efficiency is achieved only in the short run.
B) Allocative efficiency is achieved only in the long run. Productive efficiency is achieved in the short run and the long run.
C) Allocative efficiency is achieved only in the short run. Productive efficiency is achieved only in the long run.
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New York Times writer Michael Lewis wrote that "The sad truth, for investors, seems to be that most of the benefits....are passed through to consumers free of charge." To which of the following did Lewis refer?
A) apple farming in New York state
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If a perfectly competitive firm raises the price it charges to consumers, which of the following is the most likely outcome?
A) The firm's revenue will not change because some consumers will refuse to pay the higher price.
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In early 2007, Pioneer and JVC, two Japanese electronics firms, each announced that their profits were going to be lower than expected because they both had to cut prices for LCD and plasma television sets. Which of the following could explain why these firms did not simply raise their prices and increase their profits?
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B) Most likely, intense competition between these two major producers probably pushed prices down. Thereafter, each feared that it would lose its customers to the other if it raised its prices.
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A) goods and services are produced at the lowest possible cost.
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C) it produces where market price equals marginal production cost.
D) firms carry production surpluses.
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B) where maximum economic profit is earned by producers.
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Figure 12-19 Refer to Figure 12-19. The figure above shows the cost curves of a perfectly competitive firm in the coffee market. Use the graph in Figure 12-19 to answer the following questions. Assume the market price is $3 per pound.
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b. In the diagram draw the firm's demand curve (label this "MR" for marginal revenue).
c. What is the firm's profit-maximizing output?
d. Is the firm earning a profit or a loss? Identify the area in the graph that represents the firm's profit or loss.
e. Explain how entry or exit will occur in the market to ensure that firms will break even in the long run.
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C) the inability of one seller to influence price.
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Perfect competition is characterized by all of the following except
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If in the long run a firm makes zero profit, it should exit the industry.
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B) The market demand curve shifts to the left, causing price to fall and market output to decrease.
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Figure 12-17 The graphs in Figure 12-17 represent the perfectly competitive market demand and supply curves for the apple industry and demand and cost curves for a typical firm in the industry.
Refer to Figure 12-17. Which of the following statements is true?
A) The firm will produce 30 thousand pounds of apples in the short run and earn an economic profit. New firms will enter the market and shift the market supply curve to the left.
B) The firm will produce 30 thousand pounds of apples in the short run and earn an economic profit, but it would earn a greater profit if it produced at the lowest point on the ATC curve.
C) The firm will produce 30 thousand pounds of apples in the short run and earn an economic profit. New firms will enter the industry; as a result, the firm will be forced to exit the industry in the long run.
D) The firm will produce 30 thousands pounds of apples in the short run and earn an economic profit. In the long run the firm will break even.
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A firm's expansion path
A) is the same thing as its long-run average cost curve.
B) is a curve that shows a firm's cost-minimizing combination of inputs for every level of output, holding input prices constant.
C) shows the targeted growth rate in sales over the long run.
D) is a curve that shows expected profits at various price levels.
Q:
Suppose two countries use different combinations of inputs, such as labor and capital, to produce the same product. This implies all of the following except that
A) the two countries use different technologies to produce the product.
B) the inputs are not equally productive in the two countries.
C) the prices of the inputs are not the same in the countries.
D) one country is more efficient in the production of the good than the other.
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In the long run which of the following is true?
A) Total cost = fixed cost + variable cost.
B) The size of a firm's physical plant can be changed but the firm cannot adopt new technology.
C) There are no fixed costs.
D) The firm can vary its explicit costs but not its implicit costs.
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As a firm moves to higher isocost lines
A) its profits increase.
B) its revenue increases.
C) its input price ratio increases.
D) its total cost increases.
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The marginal rate of technical substitution is measured by
A) the slope of the isoquant.
B) the relative input prices.
C) the slope of the isocost line.
D) the ratio of the product's price to the product's cost of production.
Q:
The typical shape of an isoquant is
A) convex towards the origin.
B) concave towards the origin.
C) linear and downward sloping.
D) linear and upward sloping.
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An expansion path shows
A) the level of sales necessary for a firm if it wants to expand.
B) the level of long-run average cost at different scales of operation.
C) the least-cost combination of inputs for each level of output.
D) the returns to scale at each level of output.
Q:
Maximizing the level of output for a given total cost of production
A) is equivalent to producing the profit maximizing output level.
B) is equivalent to minimizing cost for a given level of output.
C) necessitates using only relatively low-priced inputs.
D) will maximize total revenue.
Q:
Golda Rush quit her job as a manager for Home Depot to start her own hair dressing salon, Goldilocks. She gave up a salary of $40,000 per year, invested her savings of $30,000 (which was earning 5 percent interest) and borrowed $10,000 from a close friend, agreeing to pay 5 percent interest per year. In her first year, Golda spent $18,000 to rent a salon, hired a part-time assistant for $12,000 and incurred another $15,000 on equipment and hairdressing material. Based on this information, what is the amount of her implicit costs?
A) $80,000
B) $70,000
C) $42,000
D) $41,500
Q:
Which of the following would be categorized as an opportunity cost?
a. not being able to spend your $10,000 savings if you sink the money in your business
b. the cost of purchasing supplies for your house-cleaning business
c. the cost of purchasing auto insurance for your dry-cleaning delivery business
A) a only
B) a and c only
C) b and c only
D) all of the above