Q&A Hero

Q: People who share fundamentally similar attitudes, values, and beliefs with you are considered ingroupers. a. True b. False

Q: Which of these does NOT influence the interpretation stage of perception? a. schemata b. attributions c. actor-observer effect d. punctuation

Q: As we perceive others, we are more influenced by negative characteristics than positive characteristics. a. True b. False

Q: When we perceive others as outgroupers, we are more likely to: a. feel more connected to them. b. give them more resources. c. see them as similar to us. d. form negative impressions of them.

Q: A halo effect may occur when we attribute positive motives to someone's actions without having actually observed those particular qualities. a. True b. False

Q: Which of these is NOT a characteristic of salient communication? a. It is visually and audibly stimulating. b. It is consistent with our goals and is seen as important. c. It deviates from our expectations. d. It is predictable.

Q: If Joanna attributes negative outcomes to external sources while simultaneously attributing positive outcomes to her own internal or personal characteristics, she is demonstrating a self-serving bias. a. True b. False

Q: Which of these is NOT one of the major influences on the perception process? a. culture b. negativity c. personality d. gender

Q: Using "I know" messages is an effective way to demonstrate empathy toward our relational partners. a. True b. False

Q: An attribution is our way of explaining other people's responses and behaviors toward us. a. True b. False

Q: Ellen communicates well with her partner Carmen. When they experience miscommunication, Ellen is able to ask her partner questions to clarify her understanding. Ellen is demonstrating what perceptual skill in her relationship? a. positivity bias b. salience c. perception-checking d. empathy

Q: If a person is able to view something from another's perspective, he or she is offering empathy. a. True b. False

Q: Empathy consists of perspective-taking and empathic concern. a. True b. False

Q: We tend to pay more attention to positive than to negative characteristics of others. a. True b. False

Q: Paul thinks that Professor Lee is a poor instructor and finds her class too challenging. After spending hours revising a paper, he tells a friend that the class requires too much time. What perceptual process is affecting Paul? a. horn effect b. halo effect c. actor-observer effect d. consistency effect

Q: If your girlfriend says she goes to the gym after work because you are never home and you go out for drinks after work because she is working out, then your difference in perception is due to: a. punctuation. b. stereotyping. c. fundamental attribution error. d. negativity effect.

Q: Many factors influence the selection stage of the perception process. Which of these is NOT one of these factors? a. salience b. communication that deviates from our expectations c. communication that is viewed as important d. punctuation

Q: A husband and wife are having dinner at a restaurant when the wife accuses her husband of paying too much attention to their server. The husband claims he was just returning her eye contact and smile. Which process in the organizational stage of perception have the husband and wife engaged in differently? a. salience b. punctuation c. selection d. uncertainty reduction

Q: Which of these sentences BEST demonstrates empathic concern? a. I'd love to get your thoughts on this. b. I know just how you feel. c. I hope you're doing okay. d. Seeing it from your side makes a lot of sense.

Q: The human tendency to credit ourselves, not the environment or external causes, for our successful behavior is called a self-serving bias. a. True b. False

Q: If Marcus won a bet by predicting the point spread for the Super Bowl and claims it was due to his understanding of probability and statistics, what attribution is he making? a. fundamental attribution error b. external attribution c. self-serving bias d. actor-observer effect

Q: Because of human limitations on processing information, we engage in the selection process of perception by focusing our attention on specific stimuli while ignoring others. a. True b. False

Q: According to Uncertainty Reduction Theory, people have a basic need to reduce uncertainty in initial interactions and to increase their ability to explain and predict the behavior of others. a. True b. False

Q: Which of these play(s) an important role in forming Gestalts? a. schemata b. attributions c. salience d. punctuation

Q: Chris's friend Beth had a miscarriage, so he rushes over to her apartment to offer her comfort and consolation. Chris is displaying: a. empathy. b. supportiveness. c. self-serving bias. d. selflessness.

Q: According to researchers, gender's impact on nonverbal communication accounts for only 1 percent of behavioral differences between women and men. a. True b. False

Q: What process is involved when we direct our attention to specific stimuli while ignoring other stimuli? a. perception b. perceptual loss c. selection d. punctuation

Q: Leslie likes Jon because he has an extraverted, engaging, and humorous personality. When Leslie's friend tells her that Jon can be very impatient and demonstrates road rage on a daily basis, Leslie refuses to believe her. What perceptual problem is Leslie demonstrating? a. fundamental attribution error b. halo effect c. actor-observer effect d. horn effect

Q: Characteristic ways of thinking, feeling, and acting constitute: a. an interpersonal impression. b. implicit personality theory. c. an algebraic impression. d. personality.

Q: When we perceive and judge our own behavior, we often use the: a. fundamental attribution error. b. actor-observer effect. c. self-serving bias. d. Both B and C are correct.

Q: Which of these is NOT part of the interpretation phase of the perception process? a. salience b. schemata c. attributions d. self-serving bias

Q: According to Uncertainty Reduction Theory, which of these is a primary goal of initial interaction? a. accept uncertainty b. explain perception c. predict behavior d. reduce anxiety

Q: Perception is a sense-making process in which individuals actively manage information and stimuli by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information from their environment. a. True b. False

Q: Tomas is often on an emotional roller coaster, and his partner is never sure what mood he is going to be in. Tomas is both insecure and overly emotional. What personality trait does Tomas display a high level of? a. openness b. neuroticism c. conscientiousness d. agreeableness

Q: If you ignore the positive or good in someone that you do not like, you are demonstrating the horn effect. a. True b. False

Q: When we pay attention to specific stimuli or information in our environments while simultaneously ignoring other stimuli, we are engaging in the selection process of perception. a. True b. False

Q: When we categorize people as a group based upon our own schemata while simultaneously ignoring individual differences, what perceptual process are we illustrating? a. self-serving bias b. punctuation c. stereotyping d. algebraic impressions

Q: Which of these is an active strategy for reducing uncertainty regarding a person's behavior? a. observing the person b. asking questions of the person c. disclosing personal information to the person d. questioning someone else who knows the person

Q: Wade is highly organized at work and keeps detailed to-do lists on his smartphone. He is never late. What personality trait does Wade display a high level of? a. neuroticism b. extraversion c. conscientiousness d. openness

Q: The ability to view yourself as a unique person distinct from your surrounding environment is _______.

Q: Feelings of shame, humiliation, and sadness as a result of losing face are characteristics of _______.

Q: _______ is the feeling of closeness or "union" that exists between you and your partner.

Q: What are the three components of self?

Q: The degree to which online information is supported by other people or evidence is its _______.

Q: Differentiate between an online description that has low warranting value and one that has high warranting value.

Q: How can "the interview test" help protect one's online persona?

Q: What is gender?

Q: Explain the social penetration theory and its impact on self-disclosure in interpersonal relationships.

Q: Individuals tend to judge and perceive themselves: a. more honestly than others. b. more positively than others. c. about the same as others. d. more critically than others.

Q: At a party your friend got drunk. You later explain that he was stressed out from a recent breakup. What type of attribution are you making? a. fundamental attribution error b. faulty attribution c. internal attribution d. external attribution

Q: _______ are predictions about future interactions that lead you to behave in ways that ensure the interaction will unfold as you predicted.

Q: _______ is your overall perception of who you are.

Q: _______ is revealing private information about your self to others.

Q: _______ theory states that we compare the ideal self and the ought self to determine our self-esteem.

Q: The composite of social, psychological, and cultural attributes that characterize you as male or female is _______.

Q: A person who is high in both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance has a _______ style.

Q: _______ is composed of an evolving composite of self-awareness, self-concept, and self-esteem.

Q: Your _______ is the public self you want others to see and know.

Q: _______ theory is the idea that we reveal ourselves in layers like those of an onion.

Q: _______ is the degree to which one has a clearly defined and consistent sense of self.

Q: Your self-concept is shaped by your: a. personality. b. interactions with others. c. income. d. profession.

Q: If you have a secure attachment style, you are more likely to: a. develop temporary relationships. b. be uncomfortable with intimacy. c. lack confidence in your ability to communicate. d. have high self-esteem. Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.

Q: According to the _______, the closeness we feel toward others is created through self-disclosure and the responsiveness of listeners to disclosure.

Q: A _______ is a public self designed to hide your private self.

Q: The attachment style of a person who is high in attachment anxiety yet low in attachment avoidance is _______.

Q: The attachment style of a person who is low in both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance is known as _______.

Q: _______ is the attachment style of a person who is low in attachment anxiety but high in attachment avoidance.

Q: _______ is observing and assigning meaning to others' behaviors and comparing them against your own.

Q: _______ is the overall value, positive or negative, you assign your self.

Q: Defining your self-concept by thinking about how others see and evaluate you is your _______.

Q: If Chloe and her partner Sam work together to competently confront any problems in their relationship, they probably have what type of attachment style? a. secure b. fearful c. dismissive d. preoccupied

Q: Which of the following statements best exemplifies the influence the looking-glass self has on your self-concept? a. My mom tells me I am the best little boy in the world and I believe her. b. I am a son and a student. c. I think Olivia is the smartest student in the class besides me. d. I am an extroverted people person.

Q: Which of these is a common practice on social networking and dating sites? a. using selective self-presentation b. using a mask c. accentuating positive characteristics d. All of the options are correct.

Q: Self-disclosure is necessary to start and develop your personal relationships. a. True b. False

Q: Self-fulfilling prophecies can set both positive and negative events in motion. a. True b. False

Q: Mike shares intimate details about his romantic relationship with people he's just met. According to the Johari Window, Mike has a relatively large: a. public area. b. blind area. c. hidden area. d. unknown area.

Q: If your relational partner feels unlovable and unworthy, he or she may be experiencing attachment anxiety. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following characteristics is typical of a male's lifelong gender socialization process? a. dependence b. achievements c. aggressiveness d. interpersonal connections

Q: Gender is a composite of attributes learned through socialization, beginning at birth and continuing within families. a. True b. False

Q: According to the text, the self is: a. composed of others' perceptions. b. influenced by setbacks in life. c. composed of self-awareness. d. influenced by goals you have set.