Q&A Hero

Speech

Q: How do attributions play a role in the interpretation stage of the perception process?
Q: Explain why we often make the perceptual error of self-serving bias.
Q: Explain how we form impressions using stereotypes. Is stereotyping always negative? Provide an example.
Q: Discuss the relationship between gender and perception. What are some common misconceptions about the ways in which women and men communicate differently?
Q: High-extraversion people seem to experience positive emotions less often than low-extraversion people. a. True b. False
Q: Define and give an example of how implicit personality theories work.
Q: What are the three strategies for reducing uncertainty? Give an example of each strategy.
Q: Define empathy and its two components.
Q: Define the negativity effect, and explain its role in how we perceive others.
Q: Identify two interactive strategies for reducing uncertainty.
Q: Explain the difference between the cultural concepts of ingroupers and outgroupers.
Q: How can you overcome stereotypes?
Q: Identify the Big Five personality traits.
Q: Explain what the fundamental attribution error is and why it is so common.
Q: How can offering empathy be used to improve the accuracy of our perceptions?
Q: How do algebraic impressions impact how we form interpersonal impressions of others?
Q: _______ is an individual's characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and acting, based on his or her traits.
Q: _______ involve comparing and assessing positive and negative characteristics to form impressions of others.
Q: The belief that empathy can be developed or controlled is the _______.
Q: Explain the difference between the halo effect and the horn effect.
Q: _______ is focusing our attention on specific stimuli found in our environment.
Q: _______ are mental pictures of who people are and how we feel about them.
Q: _______ is the process of trying to feel and understand the thoughts and emotions of others.
Q: What's the difference between an internal attribution and an external attribution?
Q: Define perception and identify the three stages of the process.
Q: Explain the five-step process of perception-checking.
Q: How does punctuation impact the organization stage of the perception process?
Q: How does salience impact the selection stage of the perception process?
Q: What is a practical benefit of perspective-taking?
Q: The _______ is our tendency to positively interpret information about someone for whom we have established a positive Gestalt.
Q: We _______ because it simplifies the perception process, replacing complexities with generalizations about individuals.
Q: _______ is a term describing a general sense of a person that is either positive or negative.
Q: _______ is the process in which humans categorize others as a social group based upon mental schemata.
Q: The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information from our senses is _______.
Q: _______ is a process of structuring information into a chronological sequence.
Q: The tendency to negatively interpret the communication and behaviors of people for whom we have negative Gestalts is called the _______.
Q: The tendency to assign external causes to one's own behavior is known as the _______.
Q: _______ are explanations for the comments and behaviors of others.
Q: _______ is the process of assigning meaning to information we have selected.
Q: _______ is the degree to which particular people attract our attention.
Q: _______ is the tendency to make internal attributions about one's own successful behaviors.
Q: The _______ is a tendency to form negative Gestalts.
Q: Which of these is a method used for reducing uncertainty in one's initial interactions with others? a. passive strategies b. assertive strategies c. questioning strategies d. inactive strategies
Q: Which of these factors influences the interpretation stage of the perception process? a. schemata b. stereotypes c. organizing d. selecting Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.
Q: Mental structures we use to interpret information during the perception process are known as _______.
Q: The human tendency to attribute others' behavior to internal causes rather than to social or environmental forces is called the _______.
Q: _______ is a phase of the perception process in which we structure information into coherent, meaningful patterns in our minds.
Q: According to _______, our primary goal in initial interactions is to reduce the feeling of uncertainty about our conversation partners so their behavior is more predictable and explainable.
Q: Personal beliefs about different personalities and the ways in which traits cluster together are explained in _______.
Q: Gestalts are formed as the result of a specific positive or negative observation we have of another person. a. True b. False
Q: Stereotyping automatically leads to negative generalizations about other people, cultures, and genders. a. True b. False
Q: If you yell at your roommate and later explain that your behavior was related to stress at work, what type of error are you making? a. fundamental attribution error b. internal attribution c. self-serving bias d. actor-observer effect
Q: Celeste is gregarious and is often found talking with her colleagues at the office kitchen. What personality trait does Celeste display a high level of? a. openness b. neuroticism c. agreeableness d. extraversion
Q: A person who believes that empathy is an uncontrollable, automatic response is less likely to experience empathy toward outgroupers. a. True b. False
Q: Which of these is NOT involved in the human perception process? a. selection b. organization c. interpretation d. response
Q: Salience relates to the importance you place on the attributes you perceive in others. a. True b. False
Q: Culture, gender, and personality are three examples of filters that influence the way we perceive people and events in our lives. a. True b. False
Q: When we perceive and judge others, we commonly: a. form a negative Gestalt. b. feel secure in our initial interactions. c. attribute their behavior to internal, personal causes. d. judge them more positively than we do ourselves.
Q: If you overindulge at a Chinese buffet and later explain that everyone overeats at buffets, what perceptual error are you demonstrating? a. fundamental attribution error b. salience c. internal attribution d. actor-observer effect
Q: Psychologists define five primary personality traits. Which of these is NOT one? a. agreeableness b. openness c. introversion d. neuroticism
Q: You know your romantic partner is online, but she has not responded to your instant message, so you assume she is losing interest in you. What kind of attribution are you making? a. internal attribution b. external attribution c. true perception d. actor-observer effect
Q: When you are winning at poker and explain to others at the table that you are good at cards and tend to have good luck, what type of attribution error are you making? a. self-serving bias b. fundamental attribution error c. actor-observer effect d. external attribution
Q: In interpreting information, we form attributions, which are defined as: a. explanations for others' behaviors and comments. b. mental structures that define concept characteristics. c. stimuli that attract one's attention. d. judgments about the characteristics of other people.
Q: What has linguist Deborah Tannen suggested is a primary difference in communication between women and men? a. Men tend to focus on problems. b. Women tend to focus on problems. c. Men tend to focus on solutions. d. Men tend to offer emotional support.
Q: Implicit personality theories operate similarly to stereotyping. a. True b. False
Q: Which of these is(are) used in the punctuation process during the organization stage of perception? a. cause-effect b. related events c. schemata d. chronological sequence
Q: Which of these conclusions can be made about gender differences? a. Women and men are substantially similar. b. Women and men are substantially dissimilar. c. Women and men are essentially similar and respond similarly. d. Women use indirect language, whereas men use direct language.
Q: Punctuation occurs in the organization stage of perception and refers to structuring information and events in chronological order. a. True b. False
Q: During the organization phase of perception, we engage in punctuation, where we tend to make internal attributions, crediting ourselves for our own behavior. a. True b. False
Q: Saying "I hope you are doing okay" and "I feel terrible you are going through this" are effective ways of demonstrating empathic concern. a. True b. False
Q: We form algebraic impressions as a result of forming quick first impressions of others. a. True b. False
Q: The fundamental attribution error results from attributing others' behaviors to social or environmental, rather than internal or personal, causes. a. True b. False
Q: Empathy mindset involves: a. demonstrating respect for others. b. believing that empathy can be developed and controlled. c. avoiding outgroupers. d. assuming that empathy is an automatic, uncontrollable response.
Q: The Gestalts we form of other people may be either positive or negative impressions. a. True b. False
Q: The actor-observer effect results from the innate human tendency to make internal or dispositional attributions concerning one's own behavior. a. True b. False
Q: Which of these describes an ingrouper? a. someone who shares similar values to you b. someone who has different attitudes from you c. someone who has different beliefs from you d. someone you view as untrustworthy
Q: If the chairperson of the Federal Reserve predicts that inflation will continue, you might interpret this prediction as credible and accurate. This is an example of which influence on interpreting information? a. schemata b. openness c. punctuation d. salience
Q: Which of these judgments are we most likely to make when deciding whether someone is an ingrouper or an outgrouper? a. how similar the person is to us b. how dissimilar the person is to us c. how positive our impressions of the person are d. All of the options are correct.
Q: People who share fundamentally similar attitudes, values, and beliefs with you are considered ingroupers. a. True b. False
Q: Which of these does NOT influence the interpretation stage of perception? a. schemata b. attributions c. actor-observer effect d. punctuation
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