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Speech
Q:
Carolyn is a brilliant, but strict teacher who smiles rarely and is a tough grader. During a review, her department chair tells her she should warm up to the students and offer them more emotional support. Which of the following terms best describes the department chairs evaluation of how Carolyn should act?
A. Hidden curriculum
B. Hidden hand discrimination
C. Invisible hand discrimination
D. Invisible curriculum
E. None of the above
Q:
Which of the following is true about Title IX?
A. All U.S. schools must abide by the rules of Title IX.
B. Title IX has led to a decrease in athletic programs for men.
C. Title IX bans sex discrimination only in athletics.
D. Most Americans approve of Title IX.
E. Because of Title IX, male and female student athletes receive an equal number of scholarship dollars.
Q:
Which of the following is a challenge that gender-nonconforming students often face?
A. The binary norm that force students into male or female categories
B. Pressure to be self-reliant and not ask questions
C. Pressure to always look good and appear put-together without seeming to put any effort into doing so
D. Be attractive to men
E. All of the above
Q:
On average, male students in the United States lag behind their female peers in academics, particularly in early elementary school.
Q:
Boys are more likely than girls to earn a masters degree.
Q:
When non-U.S. cultures are examined, it becomes clear that there are innate sex differences in math and science ability.
Q:
People practicing invisible hand discrimination truly believe they are acting in an unbiased manner.
Q:
Socioeconomic status, more than sex, is a factor in a students success in higher education.
Q:
Male faculty are more likely to offer mentorships to male students than female students.
Q:
More women hold full professorships in American colleges and universities than men do.
Q:
Black men are less likely to get a college degree than white men and white women but more likely to obtain a degree than black women.
Q:
Which of the following is a challenge that males typically face in academics?
A. Compared to same-aged girls, boys have more energy and less impulse control so they are less likely to adjust to early school contexts.
B. Boys are viewed as being less able than girls to use the logic required for complex mathematics.
C. In accordance with masculine socialization, males have more pressure to be self-reliant and are less likely to ask questions.
D. Males have less school athletic opportunities since federal law has mandated equal money and support to female athletes under Title IX.
E. All of the above.
Q:
Identify the themes (or elements) of what it means to be feminine in the United States. As part of your explanation, be sure you provide brief, concrete examples for the five themes. Finally, discuss one way that parental/guardian communication about gender (as discussed in Chapter 7 of Gendered Lives) may influence understanding of one or more of these themes.
Q:
Define ego boundaries and explain how they typically develop in masculine and feminine people, noting both similarities and differences in development.
Q:
ANS: The themes of masculinity may be found on pages 144 to 147.
Q:
Contemporary fathers are far more involved in their children’s lives than were fathers of previous generations. Based on the ideas discussed in Chapter 7, reflect on the implications this might have on the gender development of contemporary children.
Q:
Children tend to be socialized into very strict gender roles. This socialization process and these expectations tend to be especially difficult for children who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, intersex, or otherwise genderqueer. Give an example of two specific difficulties that queer kids may face growing up as well as a potential response to help ease each issue, explaining how the response would directly impact the issue.
Q:
According to psychoanalytical theory, how do most boys develop their gender identity?
Q:
Which of the following helps explain why U.S. women are less likely to pursue careers in scientific and mathematical fields?
A. In high school, girls take fewer advanced math classes than boys.
B. Most girls have significantly less natural aptitude for science and math than do most boys.
C. There are no women professors in the sciences or math, making it difficult for young women to envision themselves succeeding in these areas of study.
D. Some faculty members and peers assume that females have less aptitude in these fields.
E. All of the above.
Q:
According to psychoanalytic theory, families play a critical role in the formation of gender identity.
Q:
Newborn baby girls are frequently described as strong, big, active, and alert by their parents.
Q:
In the United States, a current theme in views of femininity is that women should build female networks of support to achieve success.
Q:
Though many things have changed about gender over time, appearance is still a primary measure and marker of femininity.
Q:
According to some counselors, pressure to live up to ideals of masculinity has led to an epidemic of hidden male depression.
Q:
Men in the United States are seen as failing at masculinity if they try to transcend traditional notions of masculinity.
Q:
Female babies tend to identify with their mothers and male babies tend to identify with their fathers.
Q:
Ego boundaries
Q:
Gender identity
Q:
Daniel works as a barista at a small coffee house in New York City. He loves his job and his customers love him. He has a very small apartment that he shares with a roommate. His salary allows him to eat at restaurants a few times a month and to visit his sister in another state a couple of times a year. Daniel is mostly satisfied with his life. However, he feels a lot of pressure from his parents, especially his father, to go out and find a job in his college major of economics. Daniels father frequently derides the coffee house job and the size of Daniels apartment. What theme of masculinity is described here?
A. Dont be female.
B. Be successful.
C. Be aggressive.
D. Be sexual.
E. Be self-reliant.
Q:
Girls typically define their femininity in negative termsas not masculine or not male.
Q:
Men tend to have relatively firm ego boundaries.
Q:
Mothers are more likely to encourage gender-appropriate behavior in their children.
Q:
Your textbook states, members of both sexes often feel pressured to meet current cultural ideals of physical appearance. Discuss what this means. As part of your answer, be sure to identify and explain the form of nonverbal communication directly relevant to the statement. Be able to discuss gender and race-ethnic variations (if any) in relationship to physical appearance.
Q:
Your book states that toys are powerfully gendered artifacts for children, socializing them into masculine and feminine behaviors from an early age. Describe why toys are so powerful and important and how they influence a childs gender socialization.
Q:
Explain which nonverbal behaviors may be employed to exert power and control and examine the link to gender.
Q:
A persons private sense of, and subjective experience of, his or her gender is called
A. monitoring.
B. internalization.
C. gender identity.
D. ego boundaries.
E. gender constancy.
Q:
Which of the following is true, according to psychoanalytic theorists?
A. Children of both sexes usually form their first identification with an adult woman.
B. Boys identify more closely with their fathers than girls identify with their mothers.
C. For a girl to fully form her identity, she must repress her original identification with her mother.
D. At around the age of one year, male and female development diverges dramatically.
E. All of the above.
Q:
The point at which an individual stops and the rest of the world begins is called a(n)
A. gender identity.
B. gender constancy.
C. ego boundary.
D. masculine speech community.
E. none of the above.
Q:
What has research found about social aggression in girls?
A. It is often physical.
B. It includes spreading rumors.
C. It happens very infrequently.
D. It has decreased in the last five years.
E. It tends to end by the time girls are in high school.
Q:
Even when people Kathy hardly knows tell her about their emotions and private lives, she feels very connected to them. Kathy could be described as having
A. rigid ego boundaries.
B. permeable ego boundaries.
C. unstable gender constancy.
D. an androgynous gender identification.
E. an unstable sense of self.
Q:
Allison is a 30-year-old mother of two young sons. She and her partner, Mike, both have full-time jobs. At work, Allison constantly feels pressure to work hard for promotion to the next level in her career. At home, she worries frequently that shes not spending enough time with her sons and that her house is never clean enough. What theme of cultural expectations of women is Allison experiencing?
A. Be superwoman.
B. Be sensitive and caring.
C. Appearance still counts.
D. Negative treatment by others.
E. None of the above.
Q:
Derek is frustrated because his girlfriend wants him to speak openly about his feelings, but his male friends make fun of him for showing what he feels. Which of the following elements of masculine socialization in the United States best describes both of these pressures Derek feels?
A. Dont be female.
B. Be aggressive.
C. Follow the boy code.
D. Embody and transcend traditional views of masculinity.
E. Be successful.
Q:
Which of the following is generally true of mothers communication with their children?
A. Mothers tend to communicate with children more than fathers.
B. Mothers typically focus on providing comfort, security, and emotional development.
C. Mothers tend to talk about numbers with their sons more often than their daughters.
D. Mothers engage in more eye contact and face-to-face interaction with children than do fathers.
E. All of the above.
Q:
Before leaving for work every morning, Laura spends about 90 minutes styling her hair and applying her makeup. Before bed each night, she carefully selects the outfit she will wear to work in the morning. At Lauras office, the list of dress code requirements for women is two-pages long. The requirements for men fill barely half a page. Which theme of femininity does this describe?
A. Appearance still counts.
B. Being superwoman.
C. Being treated negatively by others.
D. There is no single definition of femininity today.
E. Be caring.
Q:
What is the relationship level of meaning and how is it conveyed nonverbally? In your answer, be sure to define the three dimensions of relationship-level meaning and give examples of each.
Q:
Stace frowns at another boy and turns his back in disgust. Staces nonverbal communication is demonstrating the liking dimension of relationship-level meaning.
Q:
Carrie and Jennifer are talking in the hallway between classes. Carrie is making eye contact with Jennifer, nodding intently while Jennifer speaks, and occasionally asks questions to clarify what Jennifer is saying. Carrie is using nonverbal communication to regulate interaction.
Q:
Nonverbal communication can help underline the importance of a verbal message.
Q:
Paralanguage includes spoken words.
Q:
Women are generally better at reading all facial expressions than men are.
Q:
Childrens toys are becoming increasingly gender neutral; many toy stores and toy catalogs no longer separate toys for girls and toys for boys.
Q:
Men tend to take up more physical space than women do.
Q:
Artifacts can be a tool to challenge traditional notions of masculinity and femininity.
Q:
Paralanguage
Q:
Territoriality
Q:
Kinesics
Q:
Haptics
Q:
Proxemics
Q:
Responsiveness
Q:
Power
Q:
In what ways do boys and girls games differ? How do these difference encourage different communication rules?
Q:
What are the characteristics of feminine speech communication and why are they used? How would a man be perceived if he attempted to use one of these characteristics?
Q:
According to research presented in the Gendered Lives text, which of the following is true about smiling?
A. Women generally smile more than men.
B. Smiling is an example of haptics.
C. African-American women are socialized to smile more than Caucasian women.
D. Men generally smile more than women.
E. Research has shown that men and women smile about the same amounts.
Q:
During conversation, Alyssa holds steady eye contact with her friend to indicate she is listening. Alyssas eye contact is an example of
A. haptics.
B. proxemics.
C. kinesics.
D. artifacts.
E. power.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about body image?
A. In general, men and boys are more satisfied with the way they look than are women and girls.
B. An increasing number of men feel pressure to embody social prescriptions for ideal masculinity.
C. Men are increasingly seeking to meet body ideals by exercising and taking fitness supplements.
D. Binge eating seems to be increasing among men.
E. All of the above.
Q:
People from which demographic group are most likely to strive to achieve unrealistic body ideals?
A. African-American women
B. Caucasian women
C. African-American men
D. Caucasian men
E. A and B
Q:
The CEO at the company you work for has a spacious corner office all to herself while the rest of the employees share offices or work in cubicles. What form of nonverbal communication is indicating a power differential here?
A. Kinesics
B. Haptics
C. Proxemics
D. Territoriality
E. Environmental factors
Q:
Which of the following has been advanced as an explanation for gender- and sex- related differences in ability to decode and interpret others nonverbal communication?
A. Men and women have biological sex-related differences in brain functioning that influence their ability to understand nonverbal communication.
B. As part of their socialization to be sensitive to and build relationships, females learn to decode nonverbal communication.
C. According to standpoint theory, women must learn to interpret others in order to survive as subordinate members of society.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above. There are no gender- and sex-related differences in ability to decode and interpret others nonverbal communication.
Q:
Three-year-old Kate falls and scrapes her knees on the playground. Her mother runs to her, scoops her up into her arms, and cuddles Kate until she stops crying. What aspect of nonverbal communication is being used here?
A. Kinesics
B. Artifacts
C. The responsiveness dimension of relationship level of meaning
D. The liking dimension of relationship level of meaning
E. Haptics
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the ways nonverbal communication can function?
A. To regulate interaction
B. To establish liking
C. To supplement verbal communication
D. To establish power
E. To give a detailed description of an event
Q:
Which of the following is true about mens clothing?
A. It is generally not as colorful or bright as womens.
B. Pockets are used for decorative touches, but not utilitarian purposes.
C. They tend to fit close to the body.
D. Shoes are meant to flatter the legs at the expense of comfort.
E. All of the above.
Q:
Which of the following statements about haptics are accurate?
A. Men are more likely to initiate friendly touch than women are.
B. Parents tend to touch daughters more often and more gently than they do sons.
C. Touch is a type of nonverbal that does not differ much at all across cultures.
D. Women tend to be more likely to use physical force than men.
E. Haptics is a type of nonverbal communication that includes how much space a person uses.
Q:
Women are more likely to speak with a greater volume than men and with less inflection.
Q:
Body image disorders only affect women.
Q:
speech community
Q:
In what ways does language organize perceptions of gender through stereotyping and polarized perceptions of sex and gender?
Q:
Most heterosexual women now keep their last names rather than taking their husbands names upon marrying.
Q:
Naming typically has little influence in the way we think and deciding what matters to us.
Q:
Girls primarily communicate in feminine ways, which is a reflection of how sex influences the way we speak.
Q:
A speech community can be based around gender, race, culture, or economic class.