Q&A Hero

Q: In the Schwartz Value Survey about the content and structure of human values, the value orientation of ______ refers to the recognition of people as moral equals. A. egalitarianism B. harmony C. intellectual autonomy D. content of values

Q: In the Schwartz Value Survey about the content and structure of human values, the value orientation of ______ refers to the criteria that people use to evaluate events and select courses of action. A. intellectual autonomy B. content of values C. harmony D. egalitarianism

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the three universal human requirements identified in the Schwartz Value Survey regarding the nature of the relationship between the individual and the group. A. relationship of people to the natural world B. power distances between individuals C. nature of the relationship between the individual and the group D. preservation of the society itself

Q: A country in which a relatively large proportion of citizens say that they are very happy, believe that they are in control of their lives, and place a very high importance on leisure would likely be considered high on the ______ dimension of Hofstedes study of work values. A. indulgent B. individualistic C. long-term orientation D. restrained

Q: ______ is a set of values that place low importance on service to others and high importance on thrift and perseverance. A. Individualismcollectivism B. Masculinityfemininity C. Long-term orientation D. Uncertainty avoidance

Q: A country in which traditional male orientations of ambition, acquisition, and achievement are emphasized over traditional female orientations of nurturance and interpersonal harmony would be considered high on ______, a dimension in Hofstedes study of work values. A. individualismcollectivism B. masculinityfemininity C. power distance D. uncertainty avoidance

Q: In Hofstedes study of work values, ______ is the extent to which societies focus on ways to reduce uncertainty and create stability. A. individualismcollectivism B. masculinityfemininity C. power distance D. uncertainty avoidance

Q: Dylans office is small and has no window. In contrast, his boss has a large corner office with a beautiful view of the city. Dylan accepts that his boss has better office because his boss is higher in the hierarchy than Dylan is. This type of acceptance by Dylan is similar to how some societies accept ______, a dimension in Hofstedes study of work values. A. individualismcollectivism B. masculinityfemininity C. power distance D. uncertainty avoidance

Q: In Hofstedes study of work values, ______ is the extent to which the self-identity of a societys members depends on individual characteristics or the characteristics of the groups to which the individual belongs on a permanent basis. A. individualismcollectivism B. masculinityfemininity C. power distance D. uncertainty avoidance

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the dimensions from Hofstede's study of work values? A. Individualismcollectivism B. Cultural orientation C. Power distance D. Uncertainty avoidance

Q: There are six problems for which societies need to find cultural solutions. The problem ______ addresses whether people should make decisions with respect to traditions or events in the past, present, or future. A. conception of space B. orientation to time C. relationships among people D. beliefs about human nature

Q: There are six problems for which societies need to find cultural solutions. The problem ______ addresses whether the physical space we use is private or public or a mixture of public and private. A. relationships among people B. nature of human activity C. conception of space D. beliefs about human nature

Q: There are six problems for which societies need to find cultural solutions. In the problem ______, people should concentrate on being, achieving, or thinking. A. Beliefs about human nature B. Nature of human activity C. Relationships to nature D. conception of space

Q: There are six problems for which societies need to find cultural solutions. In ______, the problem whether the greatest concern and responsibility is individualist, collateral, or hierarchical is addressed. A. relationships among people B. relationships to nature C. beliefs about human nature D. nature of human activity

Q: There are six problems for which societies need to find cultural solutions. In ______, the problem whether people are inherently good, evil, or a mixture of good and evil is addressed. A. nature of human activity B. conception of space C. beliefs about human nature D. relationships to nature

Q: There are six problems for which societies need to find cultural solutions. The problem ______ addresses whether people have a need-duty to control or master nature (domination), to submit to nature (subjugation), or to work together with nature to maintain harmony and balance (harmony). A. beliefs about human nature B. nature of human activity C. relationships among people D. relationships to nature

Q: What is ethnocentrism? Provide an example.

Q: he book discusses four debates about what culture is and whether it matters. Describe two of the debates.

Q: Why do cultures differ and persist?

Q: Describe the main features of culture.

Q: Describe each of the three levels of programming individuals carry in their minds about how they interact with their environment.

Q: ______ is described as an attitude that ones own cultural group is the center of everything and all other groups are evaluated with reference to it.

Q: When the members of an organization hold stable attitudes, beliefs, and values in common, an organizational ______ exists.

Q: The ______ perspective suggests that a common economic orientation will eventually lead to a common society where differences in ideology will cease to exist.

Q: ______ are the structures and activities that provide stability to a society such as the family, education, economics, religious, and political systems.

Q: ______ is a set of knowledge structures consisting of systems of values, norms, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral meanings that are shared by members of a social group (society) and embedded in its institutions and that are learned from previous generations.

Q: Internationalism is described as an attitude that ones own cultural group is the center of everything and all other groups are evaluated with reference to it

Q: Acculturation is the psychological and behavioral changes that occur in people because of contact with different cultures.

Q: According to the convergence hypothesis, given enough time, cultures will converge to the point that no difference in values, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior exists.

Q: From an international business perspective, organizational culture is probably the most logical level of analysis from which to begin to understand the cultural environment.

Q: Values shared by the culture are basic ways of structuring reactions to the world and are taken for granted by members of a cultural group.

Q: Values are consciously held explanations of the observable features of culture.

Q: One long-standing view is that because people encode things in memory in terms of a particular language, language defines the way they view the world.

Q: Ideology is an organized system of values, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral meanings related to each other.

Q: Culture is transmitted through the process of learning and interacting with the social environment

Q: Culture is a collective phenomenon that is about elements of our mental programming that we share with others in a society.

Q: Matthew is an American businessman working in India. He believes that womens role in the workplace in India should be the same as it is in the United States. Matthews attitude is ______. A. ethnocentric B. interdependence C. group bias D. postmaterialism

Q: Riley is an American businessman working in Bangladesh. He tries to get everyone to work the way people working the United States because he believes that American business people are the only ones who know how to be effective. His attitude is ______. A. postmaterialism B. ethnocentric C. convergent D. prejudice

Q: Amelia believes that the way business in conducted in her country is the only proper way to conduct business. Her attitude is ______. A. organizational culture B. group bias C. ethnocentric D. biculturalism

Q: ______ is described as an attitude that ones own cultural group is the center of everything and all other groups are evaluated with reference to it. A. group bias B. organizational culture C. ethnocentrism D. acculturalism

Q: Prejudice translates to ______ when action is taken for or more frequently against members of this out-group. A. interdependence B. discrimination C. biculturalism D. ethnocentrism

Q: Kaylee compares the attributes of her social group with those of other groups of which she is not a member and finds that her social groups attributes are more favorable. Doing this comparison helps Kaylee maintain her ______. A. self-image B. group bias C. ethnocentrism D. acculturalism

Q: Carter is a member of a particular social group. This membership effects how people perceive Carter as well as Carters ______. A. group bias B. shared meanings C. ethnocentrism D. self-identity

Q: Addison has worked in both the United States and France. Over the years, she has developed cultural flexibility. She can now adjust her behavior based on the cultural context of the situation. In other words, Addison is ______. A. ethnocentric B. bicultural C. prejudice D. accultural

Q: ______ individuals develop cultural flexibility so that they can adjust their behavior based on the cultural context of the situation. A. Ethnocentric B. Bicultural C. Discriminatory D. Prejudice

Q: Harper is originally from Lithuania but has begun a new job in Spain. Her time in the Spanish culture has led her to undergo a gradual process of changes in her individual behavior, identity, values, and attitudes. This process is known as ______. A. group bias B. ethnocentrism C. psychological acculturation D. prejudice

Q: Landon is from Nicaragua but has been working in Singapore for 10 years. He has experienced psychological and behavioral changes during his time in the new culture. In other words, he has experienced ______. A. biculturalism B. crossvergence C. acculturation D. interdependence

Q: The culture convergence argument, when taken to the organizational level, centers on convergence toward common organizational practices in different countries because of ______. A. postmaterialism B. technological determinism C. equilibrium D. interaction

Q: When the members of an organization hold a set of goal-directed values, beliefs, and behaviors in common, a (n) ______ exists. A. organizational culture B. divergence C. power distance D. dilemma of the commons

Q: When the members of an organization hold stable attitudes, beliefs, and values in common, a (n) ______ exists. A. organizational culture B. shared meaning C. dilemma of the commons D. convergence

Q: The term organizational culture was imported into the management literature from ______. A. economics B. anthropology C. psychology D. sociology

Q: ______ implies a common set of attitudes and behaviors toward people of different races, nations, and cultures. A. Internationalism B. Post materialism C. Convergence D. Divergence

Q: A ______ results from the pursuit of personal and national wealth, which leads to the depletion of energy resources and damage to the natural environment. A. nonlocal orientation B. dilemma of the commons C. cultural homogeneity D. cultural convergence

Q: In addition to technological and economic pressures, an additional force toward cultural ______ is an increasing awareness of the interdependence of humanity. A. independence B. openness C. homogeneity D. empathy

Q: According to the ______ hypothesis, given enough time, cultures will converge to the point that no difference in values, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior exists. A. convergence B. divergence C. equilibrium D. globalization

Q: In a ______ society, people spend most of their productive time interacting with people and symbols, with a growing emphasis on self-expression and autonomous decision-making. A. preindustrial B. industrial C. postindustrial D. neo-industrial

Q: ______ life, which centers on services, is said to become a game between persons. A. Preindustrial B. Industrial C. Postindustrial D. Neo-industrial

Q: ______ life is said to be a game against the fabricated nature of the technical, mechanical, rationalized, and bureaucratic world directed toward dominating the environment. A. Preindustrial B. Industrial C. Postindustrial D. Neo-industrial

Q: The convergence perspective suggests that a common economic orientation will eventually lead to a common society where differences in ______ will cease to exist. A. labor B. education C. politics D. ideology

Q: From an international business perspective, ______ culture is probably the most logical level of analysis from which to begin to understand the cultural environment. A. religious B. ideological C. global D. national

Q: In national culture, institutional and geographical factors influence the way in which people interact with their environment and each other. These factors influence the way people think. Therefore, they condition peoples ______. A. equilibrium B. mental programming C. religion D. ideology

Q: Devoutly religious individuals are more likely to endorse the ______ cultural profile of a society. A. conscious B. dominant C political D. economic

Q: ______ can have a cultural influence through the content of their belief systems, the structure of their beliefs and rituals, and the identities they promote. A. Religious traditions B. Language C. Climate D. Attitudes

Q: According to evolutionary theorists, ______ are important to the persistence of patterns of thinking over time. Once a cultural pattern is established it is very resistant to change. A. programs B. societies C. groups D. initial conditions

Q: ______ are the structures and activitiessuch as the family, education, economics, religious, and political systemsthat provide stability to a society. A. Groups B. Programs C Institutions D. Attitudes

Q: ______ shared by the culture are basic ways of structuring reactions to the world and are taken for granted by members of a cultural group. A. Institutions B. Underlying assumptions C. Attitudes D. Knowledge

Q: ______ are consciously held explanations of the observable features of culture. A. Characteristics B. Values C. Beliefs D. Thoughts

Q: ______ is a set of knowledge structures consisting of systems of values, norms, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral meanings that are shared by members of a social group and embedded in its institutions and that are learned from previous generations. A. Society B. Characteristics C. Culture D. Environment

Q: Culture is an organized system of values, attitudes, beliefs, and ______ related to each other, to a cultural groups physical environment, and to other cultural groups. A. language B. government C. behavioral meanings D. environment

Q: Learning through ______ implies that children can learn about their own culture and that it is possible to learn about the cultural patterns of another society. A. stories B. technology C. environment D. government

Q: Culture is transmitted through the process of ______ and interacting with the social environment. A. talking B. learning C. hearing D. governing

Q: ______ is (are) a collective phenomenon that is about elements of our mental programming that we share with others in a society. A. Beliefs B. Attitudes C. Culture D. Values

Q: Individuals carry three levels of programming in their minds about how they interact with their environment. What do they carry at the narrowest level? A. Ideas about how culture is shared B. All human beings share certain biological reactions C. Personality characteristics that are unique to each of us as individuals D. Shared experiences within a particular society

Q: Individuals carry three levels of programming in their minds about how they interact with their environment. What do they carry at the intermediate level? A. Ideas about how culture is shared B. All human beings share certain biological reactions C. Personality characteristics that are unique to each of us as individuals D. Shared experiences within a particular society

Q: Individuals carry three levels of programming in their minds about how they interact with their environment. What do they carry at the broadest level? A. Ideas about how culture is shared B. All human beings share certain biological reactions C. Personality characteristics that are unique to each of us as individuals D. Shared experiences within a particular society

Q: In the case of culture, ______ means that most members intuitively understand the basic values, norms, or logics that underlie what is acceptable. A. shared B. learned C. organized D. systematic

Q: Culture is all of the following EXCEPT: A. shared B. transmitted between generations C. systematic D. unorganized

Q: Hofstede suggests that culture consists of shared ______ that control individuals response to their environment. A. social stimuli B. mental programs C. knowledge D. attitudes

Q: Select three types of international management research from the list. Compare and contrast the cultural assumptions of the different types: domestic, replication, indigenous, comparative, international, and intercultural.

Q: 5. How is the job change associated with repatriation of an expatriate different from the job change of adomestic worker?