Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Management
Q:
What is perceived and what is screened out are influenced by the characteristics of the perceiver, the person (or object) being perceived, and the situation.
Q:
Norms can be more important predictors of behavior in collectivist than in individualist cultures.
Q:
Schemas are largely unconscious mental representations that shape how we think and act in a given situation.
Q:
We create a schema for people of a nationality by assigning a set of characteristics to a particular national culture label.
Q:
The image that the word fish brings to mind is part of a mental representation called a script.
Q:
Social cognition explains how we develop mental representations and how our mental representations influence the way we process information about people and social events.
Q:
For those with a(n) ______ self, a positive self-image is derived from belonging, fitting in, occupying ones proper place, engaging in appropriate action, and maintaining harmony. A. interdependent B. motivational C. self-verification D. independent
Q:
For those with ______ selves, feeling good about oneself means being unique and expressing ones inner attributes.
A. independent
B. self- enhancement
C. interdependent
D. motivational
Q:
______ occurs when one says or acts one way in public but feels quite differently in private.
A. Self-enhancement
B. Dissonance
C. Motivation
D. Self-verification
Q:
Those with ______ self-schemas will be motivated to be receptive to others, to adjust to their needs, and to restrain their inner needs or desires.
A. interdependent
B. motivational
C. independent
D. self-enhancement
Q:
People with ______ self-schemas will be motivated to express internal needs, rights, and the capacity to withstand undue social pressure.
A. self-enhancement
B. independent
C. interdependent
D. self-verification
Q:
______ tend to make many comparisons between in-group and out-group performance and also make a distinction between groups with which they do and do not compare themselves.
A. collectivists
B. behaviorists
C. Individualists
D. nationalist
Q:
______ tend to focus on their in-group rather than comparing themselves with out-groups.
A. Individualists
B. Collectivists
C. Nationalists
D. Monoculturalists
Q:
Gabriel is watching two teams perform a task. He perceives that members of his team are performing well due to their ability while perceiving that the other team is performing well due to luck. It is likely that Gabriel is making a (n) ______ error.
A. resistance
B. social dominance
C. attribution
D. stereotype
Q:
______ occurs when we are more likely to attribute desirable behaviors by members of our in-group to internal causes but more likely to attribute desirable behaviors of out-group members to transient external causes.
A. Resistance
B. Attribution error
C. Stereotypes
D. Interaction
Q:
______ helps us to understand and react to our environment by linking the observation of an event to its causeseither internal or external.
A. attribution
B. resistance
C. inclusion
D. stereotypes
Q:
______ theory suggests that within every complex society certain groups are dominant over others and enjoy a disproportionate amount of privilege.
A. National cultures
B. Social dominance
C. Resistance
D. Inclusive
Q:
______ of a cultural group are based on simplifying the plethora of information about individuals and societies that is provided by our environment.
A. Resistance
B. Complexity
C. Stereotypic expectations
D. Familiarity
Q:
When someone agrees with us, ______ validates our view and provides evidence that we are correct.
A. cross-cultural interactions
B. similarity
C. consensual validation
D. internalization
Q:
Perceptions of ______ lead to interpersonal attraction because it validates our view of the world and the way it should be.
A. similarity
B. interactions
C. cross-cultural interactions
D. internalization
Q:
Describe the dimensions identified in the GLOBE study and how those dimensions relate to the Hofstede study.
Q:
Describe the seven value orientations identified in the Schwartz Value Survey on content and structure of human values.
Q:
Discuss Hofstedes work on work values. Be sure to include the first four dimensions identified as well as the two that were added later.
Q:
Discuss three of the six problems in that Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck framework of problems for which societies need to find cultural solutions.
Q:
According to Trompenaars' dimensions of value orientations, in a(n) ______ society, status is based on who a person is and in in a(n) ______ society, status is based on what a person does.
Q:
In Trompenaars dimensions of value orientations, ______ is a belief that what is true and good can be discovered and applied universally, while ______ is a belief that unique circumstances determine what is right or good.
Q:
In the Schwartz Value Survey about the content and structure of human values, the value orientation of ______ refers to the pursuit of positive experiences.
Q:
What are the three universal human requirements identified in the Schwartz Value Survey as to the nature of the relationship between the individual and the group?
Q:
In Hofstedes study of work values, ______ refers to the extent that power differences are accepted and sanctioned in a society.
Q:
In Hofstedes study of work values, ______ is the extent to which the self-identity of a societys members depends on individual characteristics or the characteristics of the groups to which the individual belongs on a permanent basis.
Q:
What are the first four work values identified by Hofstede?
Q:
One of the important limitations to models of cultural values is that they generally are not appropriate for understanding the personal values of individuals.
Q:
One of the benefits of quantitative measures of cultural dimensions is the ability to construct indexes of cultural distance between countries.
Q:
In vertically individualistic societies, the self is autonomous and people are generally equal.
Q:
Vertically collective societies view their members as parts of an in-group, but members of the in-group differ in terms of status, and different in-groups are also likely to have varying status.
Q:
Cultural specificity refers to the amount of differentiation in the various domains of individuals' lives.
Q:
Tightness refers to the extent to which members of a culture agree about what is correct behavior, believe they must behave exactly according to cultural norms, and believe they will receive or should give severe criticism for even small deviations from cultural norms.
Q:
Individualism and collectivism are perhaps the most useful and most frequently studied dimensions of cultural variation in explaining a diverse array of social behavior.
Q:
GLOBE dimensions include individualism which refers to how much members of a collective expect power to be distributed equally.
Q:
GLOBE dimensions include in-group collectivism which is the degree to which individuals express pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organizations or families.
Q:
According to Trompenaars' dimensions, in diffuse cultures individuals separate the private part of their lives from the public.
Q:
According to Trompenaars' dimensions, in neutral cultures emotion should be held in check and maintaining an appearance of self-control.
Q:
In the Schwartz Value Survey, the content of values dimension refers to recognition of people as moral equal.
Q:
Hofstede's first four dimensions of work values were named individualismcollectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinityfemininity.
Q:
At the cultural level of social axioms, ______ represents a negative view of human nature, a biased view against some groups of people, a mistrust of social institutions, and a disregard of ethical means of achieving an end. A. differing B. tightness C. social cynicism D. complexity
Q:
At the cultural level of social axioms, ______ represents a cluster of beliefs that focus around religiosity and a belief that effort would ultimately lead to justice.
A. role structures
B. differing
C. dynamic externality
D. averaging
Q:
______ are basic truths or premises or generalized expectancies that relate to a wide range of social behaviors across different contexts.
A. Cognitive structures
B. Social axioms
C. Cultural dimensions
D. Dynamic externality
Q:
In ______ individualistic societies, the self is autonomous and people are generally equal.
A. vertical
B. horizontal
C. external
D. collective
Q:
______ collective societies view their members as parts of an in-group, but members of the in-group differ in terms of status, and different in-groups are also likely to have varying status.
A. Differing
B. Vertically
C. Complex
D. Intranational
Q:
Cultural ______ refers to the amount of differentiation in the various domains of individuals lives.
A. axioms
B. complexity
C. differing
D. externality
Q:
______ refers to the extent to which members of a culture agree about what is correct behavior, believe they must behave exactly according to cultural norms, and believe they will receive or should give severe criticism for even small deviations from cultural norms.
A. Complexity
B. Tightness
C. Differing
D. Vertical
Q:
When referring to the cultural orientation of a person, term such as ______ mean someone whose way of thinking or cognitive structures reflect deep experience and understanding of the norms and social pressures to conform to these norms in an individualistic society.
A. differing
B. cognitive
C. individualist
D. complexity
Q:
At the societal level, ______ may imply that a person has connections to a group from the time of their birth.
A. axioms
B. collectivism
C. differing
D. externality
Q:
As a societal characteristic, ______ refers to the tendency of a society to view people as interdependent with selected others who are part of stable groups, such as a kinship group.
A. collectivism
B. individualism
C. intranational
D. differing
Q:
As a societal characteristic, ______ refers to the tendency to view each person as independent of others and to be more concerned about the consequences of a persons actions for that person alone.
A. individualism
B. axioms
C. differing
D. average
Q:
______ are the most useful and frequently studied dimensions of cultural variation in explaining a diverse array of social behavior.
A. Social axioms
B. Individualism and collectivism
C. Cognitive structures
D. Role structure
Q:
The GLOBE dimensions of value orientations include ______, which is the degree to which a collective encourages and rewards group members for performance improvement and excellence.
A. institutional collectivism
B. performance orientation
C. in-group collectivism
D. institutional collectivism
Q:
The GLOBE dimensions of value orientations include ______, which is the extent to which individuals engage in future-oriented behaviors, such as delayed gratification, planning, and investing in the future.
A. future orientation
B. performance orientation
C. institutional collectivism
D. humane orientation
Q:
The GLOBE dimensions of value orientations include ______, which is the degree to which a collective encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind to others.
A. humane orientation
B. institutional collectivism
C. in-group collectivism
D. assertiveness
Q:
The GLOBE dimensions of value orientations include ______, which is the degree to which individuals are assertive, confrontational, and aggressive in their relationships with others.
A. assertiveness
B. performance orientation
C. institutional collectivism
D. in-group collectivism
Q:
The GLOBE dimensions of value orientations includes ______, which is the degree to which a collective minimizes gender inequality.
A. performance orientation
B. institutional collectivism
C. gender egalitarianism
D. institutional collectivism
Q:
The GLOBE dimensions of value orientations include ______, the extent to which a society, organization, or group relies on social norms, rules, and procedures to alleviate unpredictability of future events.
A. uncertainty avoidance
B. humane orientation
C. institutional collectivism
D. in-group collectivism
Q:
The GLOBE dimensions of value orientations include ______, which is the degree to which members of a collective expect power to be distributed equally.
A. in-group collectivism
B. power distance
C. performance orientation
D. institutional collectivism
Q:
The GLOBE dimensions of value orientations include ______, which is the degree to which individuals express pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organizations or families.
A. assertiveness
B. in-group collectivism
C. humane orientation
D. institutional collectivism
Q:
The GLOBE dimensions of value orientations include ______, which is the degree to which organizational and societal institutional practices encourage and reward collective distribution of resources and collective action.
A. performance orientation
B. assertiveness
C. institutional collectivism
D. in-group collectivism
Q:
According to Trompenaars' dimensions of value orientations, in a(n) ______ society, status is based on what a person does.
A. achievement
B. ascription
C. diffuse
D. neutral
Q:
In France, it is common for status to be based on who a person is. France would likely score high on ______ in Trompenaars' dimensions of value orientations.
A. achievement
B. ascription
C. neutral
D. diffuse
Q:
In India, the culture allows private and public aspects of the individual overlap. India would likely score high on ______ in Trompenaars' dimensions of value orientations.
A. diffuse
B. affective
C. specific
D. neutral
Q:
In Germany, many people separate the private part of their lives from the public. Germany would likely score high on ______ in Trompenaars' dimensions of value orientations.
A. diffuse
B. affective
C. specific
D. neutral
Q:
In Spain, there is a cultural belief that it is natural to express emotions. Spain would likely score high on ______ in Trompenaars' dimensions of value orientations.
A. neutral
B. diffuse
C. affective
D. specific
Q:
In the United Kingdom, there is a cultural belief that emotion should be held in check and that maintaining an appearance of self-control is important. The United Kingdom would likely score high on ______ in Trompenaars' dimensions of value orientations.
A. neutral
B. diffuse
C. affective
D. individualistcollectivist
Q:
In the United States, there is a cultural belief by many that individuals should consider how their actions will benefit themselves versus how actions may impact the group. The United States would likely score high on ______ in Trompenaars' dimensions of value orientations.
A. activation
B. individualismcollectivism
C. diffusion
D. neutrality
Q:
In the China, there is a cultural belief that unique circumstances determine what is right or good. China would likely score high on ______ in Trompenaars' dimensions of value orientations.
A. activation
B. diffusion
C. particularism
D. universalism
Q:
In the United States, there is a cultural belief that what is true and good can be discovered and applied universally. The United States would likely score high on ______ in Trompenaars' dimensions of value orientations.
A. activation
B. diffusion
C. particularism
D. universalism
Q:
In the Schwartz Value Survey about the content and structure of human values, the value orientation of ______ refers to independent pursuit of ones own ideas.
A. intellectual autonomy
B. egalitarianism
C. content of values
D. affective autonomy
Q:
In the Schwartz Value Survey about the content and structure of human values, the value orientation of ______ refers to the pursuit of positive experiences.
A. content of values
B. affective autonomy
C. intellectual autonomy
D. mastery
Q:
In the Schwartz Value Survey about the content and structure of human values, the value orientation of ______ refers to exploitation of the natural or social environment.
A. affective autonomy
B. mastery
C. egalitarianism
D. content of values
Q:
In the Schwartz Value Survey about the content and structure of human values, the value orientation of ______ refers to the unequal distribution of power as legitimate.
A. affective autonomy
B. intellectual autonomy
C. hierarchy
D. content of values
Q:
In the Schwartz Value Survey about the content and structure of human values, the value orientation of ______ refers to people as embedded in the collective.
A. embeddedness
B. intellectual autonomy
C. egalitarianism
D. content of values
Q:
In the Schwartz Value Survey about the content and structure of human values, the value orientation of ______ refers to fitting in harmoniously with the environment.
A. harmony
B. egalitarianism
C. affective autonomy
D. content of values