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Q:
One dimension of GLOBE research on culturally based shared conceptions of leadership is ______, which is the ability to inspire, motivate, and expect high performance from others on the basis of firmly held core beliefs.
A. team oriented
B. charismatic/value based
C. participative
D. humane oriented
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the six dimensions described as culturally based shared conceptions of leadership identified by GLOBE research?
A. Team oriented
B. risk-taking
C. participative
D. charismatic/value based
Q:
The ______ leadership theory perspective suggests that followers develop mental representations or prototypes of leaders through exposure to social situations and interactions with others.
A. trait
B. explicit
C. implicit
D. behavioral
Q:
______ theories of leadership have been concerned with the way in which the sorts of scripts, schemas, and other cognitive characteristics influence how subordinates perceive and react to a leader.
A. Implicit
B. Behavioral
C. Trait
D. Contingency
Q:
______ theory of leadership identifies four leader behaviors and specifies a number of situational and follower characteristics that can increase or reduce the relationship of leader style to follower satisfaction and performance.
A. Pathgoal
B. Outcomes
C. Leader behavior
D. High-performing
Q:
According to ______ contingency model of leadership, a leaders personality influences the leaders behavior style (task or relationship oriented) and that the situation moderates the relationship between the leaders style and effectiveness.
A. GLOBE
B. implicit
C. trait
D. Fiedlers
Q:
______ theories of leadership were developed to reconcile differences between the findings of behavioral studies of leadership.
A. Implicit
B. Contingency
C. Behavioral
D. Trait
Q:
In behavioral theories of leadership, ______ were those that showed concern for subordinates, such as showing regard for their feelings, respecting their ideas, and being friendly and supportive.
A. coordinating activities
B. initiating structures
C. consideration behaviors
D. subordinates
Q:
In behavioral theories of leadership, ______ included such leader behaviors as assigning tasks to subordinates, coordinating activities, emphasizing deadlines, and evaluating subordinates work
A. initiating structure
B. subordinates
C. consideration behavior
D. coordinating activities
Q:
______ theories of leadership emerged after a change in the assumption that leaders are born to the notion that leaders could be developed.
A. Trait
B. Contingency
C. Implicit
D. Behavioral
Q:
______ theories of leadership began as a search for the personality characteristics possessed by great leaders.
A. Skill variety
B. Feedback
C. Trait
D. Autonomy
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the distinct periods through which leadership theory has passed?
A. Commitment
B. Trait
C. Implicit
D. Behavioral
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the perceptions required for a job to be motivating according to the job characteristics model?
A. The worker must feel the pay is equitable
B. The worker must feel responsible for outcomes
C. The worker must know the actual results of work activities
D. Job must be perceived as meaningful
Q:
Trinity enjoys her job as a telemarketer in part because, after each call, her computer provides her with a total of how many sales she has made for the day. She constantly references that total to monitor her progress. According to the job characteristics model, Trinity enjoys the ______ of her job.
A. autonomy
B. feedback
C. task identity
D. skill variety
Q:
Josiah enjoys his job as a regional sales manager because he has a lot of discretion in how he runs the regional office. No one is looking over his shoulder and making him follow policies and procedures. According to the job characteristics model, Josiah likes the ______ of his job.
A. skill variety
B. task significance
C. task identity
D. autonomy
Q:
Kennedy enjoys her job as receptionist because she is able to help people find the resources they need. She feels that she is able to help people and have a substantial effect on their work flow. According to the job characteristics model, Kennedy enjoys the ______ of her job.
A. task identity
B. autonomy
C. task significance
D. skill variety
Q:
Jaylens enjoys his job as a customer service representative because he gets to work with one customer at a time and see the customers all the way through the complaint process. No matter what the problem, Jaylen see the customers complaint all the way to completion. He likes being able to complete a task for each customer. According to the job characteristics model, Jaylen enjoys the ______ of his job.
A. Autonomy
B. Task identity
C. Feedback
D. Skill variety
Q:
Alyssa enjoys her job in part because it requires her to do different activities that require different abilities. According to the job characteristics model, Alyssa enjoys the ______ of her job.
A. skill variety
B. task identity
C. autonomy
D. task significance
Q:
______ job designs almost always involve autonomous work groups, which have almost complete responsibility for a significant task.
A. Motivational
B. Potential
C. Equity
D. Sociotechnical
Q:
Describe how culture affects behavior during different negotiation stages and negotiation in general.
Q:
Describe the nonverbal messages and how they affect communication.
Q:
Describe some of the pragmatic ways of dealing with language differences.
Q:
Describe the implications the use of a second language has for cross-cultural communication.
Q:
How do communication styles tend to differ between cultures?
Q:
How do the cultural field and language affect the five steps in communicating?
Q:
The ______ style of persuasion is illustrated by an intuitive style which relies on emotional appeals.
Q:
______ involves shifting ones speech patterns to achieve greater language similarity.
Q:
______ are short sayings that express things that are obviously true in a particular culture and often advise people how they should behave.
Q:
______ can be used to promote respect and nonemotional discourse, or to simply obscure meaning.
Q:
When a communicator substitutes a bland or less direct expression to refer to a word that is not often used publicly, such as words associated with sexual relations or bodily functions, the communicator is using a(n) ______.
Q:
A(n) ______ communication is one in which the mass of the message is vested in the explicit code.
Q:
A ______ message is one in which very little is in the coded, explicit, and transmitted part of the message.
Q:
______ occurs when first-language speakers in a cross-language interaction respond to lower linguistic competency of their partner by modifying aspects of their speech, such as slowing the rate of speech and reducing sentence complexity.
Q:
______ is a symbolic code of communication consisting of a set of sounds with understood meanings and a set of rules for constructing messages.
Q:
______ is the act of transmitting messages, including information about the nature of the relationship, to another person who interprets these messages and gives them meaning.
Q:
The affective style of persuasion is illustrated by a factualinductive style which relies on appeals to logic.
Q:
Descriptive approaches to understanding cross-cultural negotiation document differences in negotiation processes and behaviors in different cultures.
Q:
Proxemics is a nonverbal behavior in communication that includes pitch, volume, speed, tension, variation, enunciation, and a number of other voice qualities such as breathiness and creakiness.
Q:
Nonverbal communication helps to regulate intercultural interaction by providing information about our feelings and emotional state, adding meaning to our verbal messages.
Q:
Speech accommodation involves shifting ones speech patterns to achieve greater language similarity.
Q:
Proverbs are short sayings that express things that are obviously true in a particular culture and often advise people how they should behave.
Q:
Euphemisms can be used to promote respect and nonemotional discourse.
Q:
Slang is associated with a particular subgroup but is often a very specialized or technical language of people engaged in a similar occupation or activity.
Q:
Slang is an informal usage of language typically more playful or metaphorical and associated with a particular subgroup.
Q:
Communicators in individualist cultures tend to value talking as a way of controlling the communication interaction.
Q:
Communicators in collectivist cultures tend to value silence as a way of controlling the communication interaction.
Q:
Directness in communications is associated with individualist cultures and indirectness with collectivist cultures.
Q:
In low-context cultures, a good deal of the meaning is implicit, and the words convey only a small part of the message.
Q:
In high-context cultures, the message is conveyed largely by the words spoken.
Q:
The second language in use in international business is most often French.
Q:
When translators know the meaning of words and the grammatical rules for putting them together, effective communication is often still not achieved.
Q:
Having less grounding in common makes cross-cultural communication significantly more demanding than communicating in a single culture.
Q:
Negotiators from individualistic societies typically interpret ______ as attempts to complete the negotiation process and reach an agreement. A. contexts B. collectivism C. offers D. tasks
Q:
Hannah sought to persuade her coworkers to change the direction of the project because the current course was unethical. In her presentation, she referenced that changing course was the right thing to do and tried to appeal to their principles. Hannah was using the ______ style of persuasion.
A. task-related exchange
B. conflict resolution
C. descriptive
D. ideological
Q:
Maisies style of persuasion is intuitive. For example, when trying to persuade her coworkers to donate time to a service project, she used an emotional appeal. Maisies persuasion style is ______.
A. assertive
B. face-to-face
C. affective
D. bargaining
Q:
In trying to persuade her coworkers to join her on a project, Eleanor described how the project would help each person reach their work goals. Her presentation was factual and appealed to logic. Elenaor was using a ______ style of persuasion.
A. face-to-face
B. universal
C. rational
D. agreement
Q:
The ______ approach to understanding cross-cultural negotiation considers both the knowledge structures of the participants and the social context in which the negotiation takes place.
A. holistic
B. distributive
C. social
D. cognitive
Q:
The ______ approach to understanding cross-cultural negotiation involves attributing the cultural effects to the cultural values and norms of the participants home societies.
A. cognitive
B. social
C. distributive
D. cultural dimensions
Q:
______ approaches to understanding cross-cultural negotiation document differences in negotiation processes and behaviors in different cultures.
A. Descriptive
B. Cognitive
C. Distributive
D. Persuasive
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a factor that the outcomes of negotiation are thought to be contingent on?
A. The negotiation situation
B. The negotiation topic
C. The process of negotiation
D. The negotiation style
Q:
The emotion of ______ is evident in facial expressions that include a brow lowered (sometimes drawn inward), inside corners of eyelid raised, and corners of the mouth pulled down.
A. sadness
B. anger
C. happiness
D. fear
Q:
The emotion of ______ is evident in facial expressions that include a lowered brow, staring (sometimes narrowed) eyes, jaw clenched, and mouth either closed or open with teeth bared.
A. sadness
B. anger
C. fear
D. disgust
Q:
The emotion of ______ is evident in facial expressions that include a brow raised, furrowed, and drawn inward, wide-open eyes, and mouth open with lips drawn back.
A. anger
B. disgust
C. fear
D. sadness
Q:
The emotion of ______ is evident in facial expressions that include a brow lowered and drawn inward, upper lip raised, which sometimes causes the nose to wrinkle.
A. sadness
B. happiness
C. fear
D. disgust
Q:
The emotion of ______ is evident in facial expressions that include raised eyebrows, wide-open eyes, and open mouth.
A. anger
B. surprise
C. fear
D. happiness
Q:
The emotion of ______ is evident in facial expressions that include a smiling mouth, puffed lower eyelids, smooth brow and forehead.
A. happiness
B. sadness
C. surprise
D. anger
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the six basic emotions that are evident in facial expressions around the world from a very early age.
A. Hate
B. Fear
C. Disgust
D. Surprise
Q:
Hand gestures used as a substitute for words are called ______.
A. metaphors
B. holistic
C. emblems
D. characteristics
Q:
People from high-power distance cultures might show more bodily tension as a way of indicating ______.
A. power
B. mimicking
C. dominance
D. submissiveness
Q:
When talking to someone, Millie automatically adjusting her body position to reflect that of a person with whom one is talking. This adjustment is known as ______.
A. hand gestures
B. mirroring
C. submissiveness
D. dominance
Q:
Low touch cultures include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. eastern Europeans
B. English
C. northern European
D. Asian
Q:
High touch cultures include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Germans
B. Mediterranean cultures
C. Eastern Europeans
D. Israelis
Q:
Millie is from a country with a cold climate. According to the study of proxemics, it is likely that she will prefer ______ physical distance in communication than do people in warmer climates.
A. smaller
B. fluent
C. larger
D. conflicting
Q:
______ refers to the way in which people use personal space in their interactions with others.
A. Similarity
B. Proxemics
C. Fluency
D. Linguistics
Q:
______ is a nonverbal behavior in communication that includes pitch, volume, speed, tension, variation, enunciation, and a number of other voice qualities such as breathiness and creakiness.
A. Word choice
B. Language
C. Verbal component
D. Tone of voice
Q:
______ communication helps to regulate intercultural interaction by providing information about our feelings and emotional state, adding meaning to our verbal messages, and governing the timing and sequencing of the interaction.
A. Verbal
B. Fluent
C. Stylistic
D. Nonverbal
Q:
as much as ______ of communication between people in the same language group is nonverbal.
A. 20%
B. 70%
C. 50%
D. 90%
Q:
Higher degrees of language fluency can lead to the second-language user being perceived as having a higher ______ in other areas.
A. difference
B. similarity
C. competency
D. behavior
Q:
The idea that adapting ones communication style to that of the other culture participant will help to bridge cultural distance and improve communication is based on the ______ hypothesis.
A. similarityattraction
B. optimal level of accommodation
C. linguistic accommodation
D. cultural participant
Q:
In business situations, the default language, because of lack of fluency or cultural conflicts, is often ______.
A. English
B. French
C. Italian
D. Chinese