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Q:
A business subject to an agency's jurisdiction is required to turn over documents relevant to determining compliance with a particular rule.
Q:
The ________ gives the president power to appoint officers of the U.S. which includes heads of administrative agencies.
Q:
An administrative law judge is typically an ________ who is employed by the agency to adjudicate disputes.
Q:
Some agencies monitor compliance with regulations by conducting ________ of a business.
Q:
Final effective ________ are published in the Code of Federal Regulations.
Q:
Proposed agency rules are published in the _____.
Q:
The ________ Act is the main federal statute that is a source of administrative law.
Q:
Administrative agencies exercise their policymaking function through _____.
Q:
________ is a body of law that defines, regulates, and limits the exercise of authority by federal regulatory agencies.
Q:
Administrative law hearings are presided over by ________ judges.
Q:
A heightened standard of judicial review called the ________ test is used when the formal rulemaking process is required by the enabling statute.
Q:
How do citizen suits work in the context of administrative law?
Q:
What are the four primary functions of administrative agencies?
Q:
What is the arbitrary and capricious standard and how is it used by the courts?
Q:
How does an agency regulate through licensing?
Q:
Describe the probable cause standard used for administrative warrants.
Q:
A group of adversely affected parties want to challenge an agency rule in federal court. What is the process that the judge will use to make his or her decision?
Q:
The EPA would like to propose a new rule lowering the emissions requirements for coal factories. They write a new rule. Where is the EPA in the rulemaking process? What is the next step?
Q:
What is the logical outgrowth test?
Q:
Name and discuss the four sources administrative law.
Q:
In SEC v. W.J. Howey Co., the Supreme Court decision led to what is commonly called, the Howey test to determine whether something qualified as a security. Identify and explain the four components of this test.
Q:
Frank is the president and CEO of a publicly held corporation and is quoted in the paper as saying that the company is solid and has a bright future. He mentions a number of projects and plans that he anticipates will be successful in both the short term and long term, thus benefitting the company. Betty Sue reads this article and calls a broker ordering her to buy shares in Frank's company. After two years the stock is below the price she paid for it and she brings suit claiming that Frank committed a fraud when he stated that the company was solid and would be very successful in the future. What must be proven by each side and what is the likely outcome of this suit?
Q:
Donald is the president and CEO of Formerly Fat Inc., a health and diet company that promotes weight loss through their "revolutionary" feast and famine diet. The diet calls for eating anything you want on Tuesdays and Thursdays with fasting on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. On weekends, food is limited to one big lunch each day. Formerly Fat has a celebrity spokes person who claims she and all her Hollywood friends swear by this diet and the company has infomercials running on television constantly. On a Friday afternoon, Donald is called by a reporter who asks if he's concerned that the New England Journal of Medicine, one of the most respected and prestigious medical journals in the country, is about to publish an article on Tuesday documenting that numerous practitioners of this diet suffer from serious medical problems and that three deaths have occurred relating to the diet. The article's authors will be calling for an investigation and eventual ban on advertising and promotion of the diet. Donald laughs and claims the article will be challenged and shown to be inaccurate. As soon as he hangs up he calls his wife who has the company stock in her name for liability reasons and his brother saying, "I just got word that the company is in trouble and we will have problems soon. Sell your stock immediately." On Monday morning, his wife and brother sell all of their holdings. On Tuesday the article is published and by Wednesday the stock value is down 40%. Discuss this situation.
Q:
With regard to financial reporting and corporate governance, what is now required of public companies under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?
Q:
The Restoring American Financial Stability Act of 2010 established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. What is the authority of this agency?
Q:
Imagine that the SEC had investigated ENRON prior to its collapse and had found extremely serious violations of various securities statutes and regulations. What two things might the SEC have done in the exercise of their delegated executive powers and administrative enforcement powers?
Q:
Once a corporation has submitted a registration statement to the SEC, what responses may the SEC make and what is the required timing of these responses?
Q:
Brent has opened a fruit and vegetable business named Brent's Country Stand, near an affluent suburban neighborhood. After six months Brent wishes to raise capital for expansion so he offers a number of his customers the following deal. If the individual gives Brent $10,000, Brent will provide a promissory note, payable in five years with full repayment of the principal and a 10% interest rate of return. Brent's Country Stand is the maker of the notes and about ten customers have purchased these promissory notes. Do these promissory notes qualify as securities? Why or why not?
Q:
Joan is the CFO of Para Corp., and is a year from retirement. In order to guarantee herself a very substantial bonus and to boost her retirement package, she knowingly certifies false financial reports making the company appear to be much more profitable than it really is. She further takes steps to assure that the financial report did not get reviewed through internal controls maintained by Para Corp. Under provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, what are the possible penalties that may be imposed when her actions are discovered?
Q:
In what two ways do federal securities statutes define a security?
Q:
Which of the following is not a component in the definition of a security?
A.an investment
B.an expectation of profit
C.secured by tangible collateral
D.efforts of a third party create expected profit
Q:
Under TARP provisions:
A.shareholder's approval on compensation packages recommended by the company's compensation committee is binding.
B.if the board disregards the shareholders vote on a recommended compensation package the board is automatically in breach of their fiduciary duties to the company and its owner.
C.the shareholders have no right to vote on compensation so their approval or disapproval of the compensations committee's recommendation is not considered.
D.shareholder's approval on compensation packages recommended by the company's compensation committee is merely advisory and the board of directors has final say on compensation matters.
Q:
One form of a private placement exemption involves:
A.sales of securities in limited dollar amounts to nonaccredited investors.
B.sales of securities only to employees, officers and board members of the issuing corporation.
C.sales of securities to accredited investors.
D.sales of securities to other corporations with no sales to individuals permitted.
Q:
Gina is the executive secretary to the CEO of a large public corporation. One day her boss takes her into a back room containing numerous cardboard file boxes and three shredding machines and he orders her to shred every document and file in the room. He then says, "We're under investigation by the SEC and if they get their hands on anything in this room we're ruined." She asks what is going on and is told that the company has been perpetrating frauds for years and they need to destroy all the evidence.
A.since Sarbanes-Oxley does not have a whistle-blower provision Gina has no recourse if she wants to keep her job
B.since Gina didn't actually participate in the frauds and since she is only following orders, she will have no liability
C.since the investigation is ongoing and no charges have been brought, shredding the documents is not a punishable offense yet
D.Gina could be imprisoned for up to 20 years if she shreds the documents
Q:
The SEC maintains ________ regional offices throughout the United States where much of its day-to-day work is done.
A.eight
B.eleven
C.thirteen
D.twenty-one
Q:
Fred is a corporate insider and has made some very large profits through the buying and selling of his corporations stock during the previous six months. These profits would be called:
A.short-term profits.
B.short-range profits.
C.short-spell profits.
D.short- swing profits.
Q:
Eve is a promoter and has approached Adam with an investment opportunity. Eve anticipates a generous profit and informs Adam that he too can realize a generous profit also. This opportunity is not being offered to others. Assuming all other requirements to classify this as a security are in evidence, the commonality of this transaction would be described as a:
A.horizontal commonality.
B.parallel commonality.
C.vertical commonality.
D.common commonality.
Q:
The "safe harbor" exemption from SEC regulations involves:
A.nonpublic offers to a limited number of sophisticated investors who already have business relationships with the issuer.
B.nonpublic offers to a limited number of sophisticated investors who privately negotiate their securities purchases.
C.offerings with specified dollar limitations and/or limitations on the number of accredited investors.
D.offerings with specified dollar limitations and/or limitations on the number of nonaccredited investors.
Q:
Under the emergency escrow provisions created under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act:
A.the SEC may require corporate payouts into a government controlled emergency escrow fund after the SEC investigation has uncovered wrongdoing by the corporation.
B.the SEC may require corporate payouts into a government controlled emergency escrow fund during their investigation and before the SEC has uncovered wrongdoing by the corporation.
C.the PCAOB may require corporate payouts into a government controlled emergency escrow fund after the PCAOB investigation has uncovered wrongdoing by the corporation.
D.the PCAOB may require corporate payouts into a government controlled emergency escrow fund during their investigation and before the PCAOB has uncovered wrongdoing by the corporation.
Q:
The Securities Act of 1933 focuses on the:
A.primary market.
B.secondary market.
C.preferred market.
D.common market.
Q:
The Financial Stability Oversight Board created by the Restoring American Financial Stability Act of 2010 has the power to:
A.break up companies deemed to pose a threat to the nation's financial markets even if the company is not insolvent.
B.compel the SEC to assume an oversight position over institutions that pose a global risk to financial markets.
C.approve or disapprove executive compensation packages, including bonuses, regarding companies deemed "too big to fail".
D.criminally prosecute officers and board members of companies found to have committed fraud and who have harmed the public or the national economy.
Q:
The SEC is an:
A.independent agency that is not under the direct control of the president.
B.independent agency that is under the direct control of the president.
C.independent agency that is under the direct control of the Department of Justice.
D.independent agency that is under the direct control of the U.S. Treasury Department.
Q:
The Sarbanes -Oxley Act imposed stricter regulations on how corporations do business through regulations in each of the following areas except:
A.tax compliance.
B.financial reporting.
C.corporate governance.
D.auditing.
Q:
The SEC is comprised of ________ commissioners.
A.three
B.five
C.seven
D.nine
Q:
In 2002, Martha Stewart, the media mogul and CEO of Martha Stewart Living was prosecuted for insider trading regarding her sale of ImClone stock. Her stock broker had informed her that Samuel Waksal, the CEO and chairman of ImClone, was selling substantial amounts of his stock in the company so she then sold her ImClone holdings.
A.since she only "saved" $45,000 by selling her stock her dealings were deemed too insignificant and the matter was not pursued
B.she was found guilty of insider trading as a tippee and went to jail
C.she claimed that she was merely acting on her brokers advice and didn't know the information provided was material and non-public so she didn't qualify as a tippee
D.she was found guilty of obstructing justice in a securities investigation and went to jail
Q:
The purchase and sale of issued securities between investors is called the:
A.primary market.
B.secondary market.
C.preferred market.
D.common market.
Q:
In SEC v. Switzer, et al., Switzer overheard a conversation while in a public place and used information heard during the conversation to for a group to purchase stock in a corporation that subsequently showed a substantial profit. When the SEC brought charges of insider trading against Switzer the court said:
A.since Switzer was not a direct participant in the conversation, he could not be prosecuted as a tippee.
B.Switzer was not a tippee because he did not know that the information overheard was material and non-public.
C.the insider that Switzer overheard was guilty of a breach of his fiduciary duty to his company because he spoke about the company in a public place.
D.the insider that Switzer overheard was guilty of a breach of his fiduciary duty to his company and was guilty of insider trading because he was telling his wife material and non-public information.
Q:
Which of the following is an equity instrument?
A.debenture
B.bond
C.common stock
D.promissory note
Q:
Wayne is the president and CEO of a corporation. He owns 25% or the company's total stock and has been selling large chunks of his holdings over the past three months. If the SEC investigates him for short-swing profits, they would do so under:
A.Regulation D of the '33 Act.
B.Rule 10(b) (5) of the '34 Act.
C.Section 16 of the '34 Act.
D.the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
Q:
Security transactions involving the original and reissuance of securities by a business to raise capital are called the:
A.primary market.
B.secondary market.
C.preferred market.
D.common market.
Q:
Rule 16 of the '34 Act defines an insider as an officer, director or shareholder who owns ________ or more of the company's total stock.
A.5%
B.10%
C.15%
D.20%
Q:
Sunshine Corporation has just filed bankruptcy. Among the investors, who will be paid first?
A.all investors are treated equally so each gets paid simultaneously their fair share
B.bond holders
C.common stock holders
D.preferred stock holders
Q:
The corporate counsel's opinion verifying the business ventures adherence to corporate formalities and compliance and opinion of the corporation's accounting firm is contained in the:
A.prospectus.
B.letters of intent.
C.supplemental information.
D.comfort letters.
Q:
Kate is an underwriter who acted as a third party conducting a sale of securities between Fox Co. and an investor. Subsequent to the sale it is discovered that the disclosures made by Fox Co. were fraudulent. The investor has sued both Fox Co. and Kate. What is Kate's best defense to avoid liability?
A.by proving that she actually did not profit from the transaction
B.by proving that the fraud was so sophisticated that even if she had investigated the preregistration and registration documentation that she probably wouldn't have discovered the fraud anyway
C.by proving that the issuing company had a long history of truthful disclosures and had never been suspected or investigated for fraud so she was able to rely on their representations
D.by proving that she exercised due diligence in examining the preregistration and registration documentation and did not discover the fraud
Q:
Whether a dividend is paid depends on:
A.the officers agreeing to pay the dividend.
B.the board of directors agreeing to pay the dividend.
C.the shareholders voting to award themselves the dividend.
D.the applicable state law which mandates whether dividends must be paid.
Q:
Penalties for violations of the '33 Act may include each of the following except:
A.civil penalties and fines.
B.revocation of the corporate charter for egregious cases.
C.criminal prosecution and incarceration.
D.revocation of the investment by the investor.
Q:
Micro bonds appeal to small business ventures who wish to take advantage of bond financing in the ________ range.
A.$50,000 to $100,000
B.$100,000 to $500,000
C.$500,000 to $1,000,000
D.$1,000,000 to $5,000,000
Q:
Which of the following is not a required preregistration document?
A.the prospectus
B.letters of intent
C.an underwriting agreement
D.comfort letters
Q:
The most commonly used debt instrument is a:
A.debenture.
B.bond.
C.common stock.
D.promissory note.
Q:
The sales of securities in the secondary market does not raise capital for the business whose stock is sold.
Q:
The foundation and underlying principle of all securities regulation is disclosure.
Q:
MFK Corp. wants to raise capital and is considering an offer of bonds and debentures. They are not sure of a particular disclosure requirement so they pose their question to the SEC and they request an interpretation letter. If the SEC issues an interpretive letter addressing MFK's question and MFK follows the statements contained in the letter, MFK will not be able to be penalized by the SEC should the advice incorrect.
Q:
Investors holding debt instruments are primarily interested in a fixed rate of return on their investment regardless of the profitability of the company.
Q:
Most common stock enjoys voting rights; however, common stock may be sold without voting rights.
Q:
Security sales to venture capitalists often do not require full registration.
Q:
Securities may not be sold or marketed to the public until the SEC has completed its review phase and the registration becomes effective.
Q:
Federal securities laws can, depending on the language and circumstances, classify a business plan as a form of securities offering.
Q:
When a corporation issues securities under a nonpublic offering or safe harbor exemption from SEC regulations, they are free of the burden of supplying any disclosures to the investor due to the investors experience and knowledge of the process.
Q:
Issuing securities to the public markets the first time is called an initial public offering.
Q:
Prior to the passing of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the auditing in the accounting profession was self regulating.
Q:
The original Howey test required that the investor have no involvement with the generation of profits, however, modern courts have permitted a limited passive involvement on the part of the investor.
Q:
Annuities issued by insurance companies are exempt from full SEC registration requirements.
Q:
A security can exist in the absence of a formal certificate evidencing the investment and also in the absence of an interest taken in the tangible assets of the company being invested in.
Q:
Blue-sky laws refer to federal security laws that preempt state security laws.
Q:
The promissory note securing a home mortgage is a security instrument.
Q:
Violation of Section 16, a finding of short-swing liability, does not require evidence of the use of insider information and is deemed a strict liability provision.
Q:
If a company files bankruptcy, preferred stock holders have priority over common stock holders and will be paid from the bankruptcy estate first if payments are to be made.
Q:
Rule 10(b)(5) of the '34 Act is aggressively used by the SEC in terms of insider trading enforcement.
Q:
Debentures are unsecured equity instruments that are issued by a corporation.
Q:
Assumption of risk by the investor is a defense available for allegations of '33 Act violations.