Q&A Hero

Q: Current distributed database management system (DDBMS) are subject to some problems, such as the complexity of management and control. a. True b. False

Q: One of the advantages of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) is security. a. True b. False

Q: One of the advantages of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) is improved communication. a. True b. False

Q: One of the advantages of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) is growth facilitation. a. True b. False

Q: One of the advantages of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) is that the data is located near the site with the least demand.a. Trueb. False

Q: The World Wide Web is the repository for distributed data. a. True b. False

Q: A distributed database management system (DDBMS) governs the storage and processing of logically related data over interconnected computer systems. a. True b. False

Q: Rapid ad hoc data became unnecessary in the quick-response decision-making environment. a. True b. False

Q: Distributed data access was needed to support geographically dispersed business units. a. True b. False

Q: Describe any five of the 12 commandments formulated by C. J. Date for distributed databases.

Q: Explain the three types of operations defined by the DO-UNDO-REDO protocol.

Q: What is transaction transparency? What are some of the basic concepts that one should know to understand how transactions are managed in a distributed database management system (DDBMS)?

Q: Describe performance transparency and heterogeneity transparency.

Q: Explain the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous distributed database management systems (DDBMS).

Q: A fully distributed database management system must perform all of the functions of a centralized database management system (DBMS). What are these functions?

Q: The____________ forces the log entry to be written to permanent storage before the actual operation takes place.

Q: The_________ protocol is used by a DP to roll transactions back and forward with the help of the system's transaction log entries.

Q: The database description, known as the distributed__________ schema, is the common database schema used by local transaction processors (TPs) to translate user requests into subqueries that will be processed by different data processors (DPs).

Q: The__________ fragment condition indicates that no row has a duplicate, regardless of the fragment in which it is located.

Q: If a distributed database management system (DDBMS) exhibits___________ transparency, a user does not need to know that the data are partitionedmeaning the table's rows and columns are split vertically or horizontally and stored among multiple sites.

Q: Typically, the___________ scenario requires a network file server running conventional applications that are accessed through a network.

Q: The_______________ scenario is typical of most mainframe and midrange UNIX/LINUX server database management systems (DBMS).

Q: The distributed database system must be__________ of the computer hardware system.

Q: A transaction processor is also known as the_____________ processor.

Q: In a distributed database management system (DDBMS),_______________ control is used to manage simultaneous data access and ensure data consistency across database fragments.

Q: In a distributed database management system (DDBMS), query ____________is used to find the best access strategy.

Q: In a distributed database management system (DDBMS), occurs to determine the data location of local and remote fragments.

Q: How should storage volumes be allocated for indexes, system, and high-usage tables?

Q: Summarize the steps required to formulate a query.

Q: How can queries be written to perform the fastest when equality and inequality comparisons are needed?

Q: Why do we need to optimize a DBMS with SQL performance tuning, even though they automatically optimize SQL queries?

Q: Describe query optimization and the modes that an optimizer can operate in.

Q: List and describe some typical DBMS processes.

Q: The _____________table space is the most frequently accessed table space and should be stored in its own volume.

Q: ____________________helps provide a balance between performance and fault tolerance.

Q: A conditional expression is normally expressed within the or HAVING clauses of a SQL statement.

Q: _________________is an index based on a specific SQL function or expression.

Q: _______________is evaluated based on client perspective.

Q: __________________-is a measure of the likelihood that an index will be used in query processing.

Q: ______________are special instructions for the optimizer that are embedded inside the SQL command text.

Q: A__________ is good for simple and fast lookup operations based on equality conditions.

Q: ____________are ordered sets of values that are crucial in speeding up data access.

Q: Once an SQL statement is transformed, the DBMS creates what is commonly known as a(n)_____________ plan.

Q: The____________ analyzes the SQL query and finds the most efficient way to access the data.

Q: DBMS query processing has ___________phases.

Q: A(n)___________ request is a low-level read or write data access operation to or from computer devices.

Q: The_________ cache is a shared, reserved memory area that stores the most recently executed SQL statements or PL/SQL procedures, including triggers and functions.

Q: ______________is another name for table space.

Q: Database__________ activities can be divided into those taking place either on the client side or on the server side.

Q: A system will perform best when its hardware and software resources are__________ .

Q: End users and the DBMS interact through the use of_________ to generate information.

Q: In RAID level 5,:a. the data and the parity data are striped across separate drives.b. the data blocks are spread over separate drives and are duplicated.c. the array requires a minimum of two drives and is known as a striped array.d. the array requires a minimum of five drives and is known as duplexing.

Q: In the context of RAID levels, striped arrays provide: a. increased read performance and fault tolerance. b. increased fault tolerance but decreased performance. c. increased read performance but no fault tolerance. d. neither fault tolerance nor good performance.

Q: The ___________table space is used to store the data dictionary tables.a. systemb. user datac. temporaryd. rollback segment

Q: In the context of RAID levels,__________ refers to writing the same data blocks to separate drives.a. stripingb. mirroringc. partitioningd. aggregating

Q: The____________ table space is used for transaction-recovery purposes.a. systemb. user datac. temporaryd. rollback segment

Q: From the performance point of view,___________ databases eliminate disk access bottlenecks.a. RAIDb. distributedc. index-organizedd. in-memory

Q: The__________ cache is used as a temporary storage area for ORDER BY or GROUP BY operations, as well as for index-creation functions.a. datab. SQLc. sortd. optimizer

Q: The__________ cache stores the most recently executed SQL statements.a. datab. procedurec. sortd. optimizer

Q: The majority of primary memory resources will be allocated to the__________ cache.a. datab. SQLc. sortd. optimizer

Q: The__________ must be set large enough to permit as many data requests to be serviced from cache as possible.a. data cacheb. SQL cachec. sort cached. optimizer mode

Q: The LIKE conditional operator is used by the_____________ OPERAND1.a. P_PRICEb. V_STATEc. P_QOHd. V_CONTACT

Q: In standard SQL, the optimizer hint ALL_ROWS is generally used for______________ mode processes.a. interactiveb. real-timec. batchd. transaction

Q: In standard SQL, the optimizer hint FIRST_ROWS is generally used for____________ mode processes.a. batchb. interactivec. transactiond. real-time

Q: When setting optimizer hints, _______________instructs the optimizer to minimize the overall execution time, that is, to minimize the time it takes to return the total number of rows in the query result set. This hint is generally used for batch mode processes.a. ALL_ROWSb. FIRST_ROWSc. INDEX(P_QOH_NDX)d. OPTIMIZATION_ROWS

Q: _________________is the central activity during the parsing phase in query processing.a. Clusteringb. Partitioningc. Query validationd. Query optimization

Q: Knowing the sparsity of a column helps you decide whether the use of____________ is appropriate.a. query processingb. query optimizationc. an indexd. a full table scan

Q: Bitmap indexes tend to use less space than a___________ because they use bits instead of bytes to store their data.a. hash indexb. sparse indexc. B-tree indexd. reverse index

Q: _________________refers to the number of different values a column could possibly have.a. Database statisticsb. Data sparsityc. A bitmap indexd. Clustering

Q: If there is no index, the DBMS will perform a__________ scan.a. loopb. rangec. row ID table accessd. full table

Q: The DBMS________ the data and sends the result set back to the client.a. parsesb. executesc. fetchesd. processes

Q: Which of the following is the first step of query processing at the DBMS server end? a. Executing b. Parsing c. Fetching d. Delivering

Q: The DBMS _____________the SQL query and chooses the most efficient access/execution plan.a. parsesb. executesc. fetchesd. processes

Q: Automatic query optimization means that the:a. optimization takes place at compilation time by the programmer.b. DBMS finds the most cost-effective access path without user intervention.c. optimization process is scheduled and selected by the end user or programmer.d. database access strategy is defined when the program is executed.

Q: The_______________ process analyzes SQL queries and finds the most efficient way to access data.a. optimizerb. schedulerc. listenerd. user

Q: To generate database object statistics manually, following syntax should be used in Oracle:____________ .a. ANALYZE <TABLE/INDEX> object_name;b. CREATE <TABLE/INDEX> object_name;c. ANALYZE <TABLE/INDEX> object_name COMPUTE STATISTICS;d. CREATE <TABLE/INDEX> object_name COMPUTE STATISTICS;

Q: The________ is a shared, reserved memory area that stores the most recently executed SQL statements or PL/SQL procedures, including triggers and functions.a. buffer cacheb. procedure cachec. data cached. permanent storage

Q: The data cache or_________ is a shared, reserved memory area that stores the most recently accessed data blocks in RAM.a. buffer cacheb. procedure cachec. SQL cached. permanent storage

Q: To work with data, a DBMS must retrieve the data from________ and place them in _____________.a. data files; procedure cacheb. RAM; data cachec. permanent storage; RAMd. temporary files; procedure cache

Q: The data cache is where the data read from the database data files are stored_______ the data have been read or_______ the data are written to the database data files.a. after; beforeb. after; afterc. before; befored. before; after