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Q:
Rational emotive behavior therapy does not contend that________.
a. people make themselves disturbed by the sentences they tell themselves.
b. traumatic events themselves cause problems such as depression and anxiety.
c. people must be willing to reindoctrinate themselves if they hope to change.
d. therapy is hard work and requires practice outside of the sessions.
e. therapy is a cognitive process.
Q:
Narrative therapists pay significant attention to a client's past as it helps them understand the origins of client's stories.
Q:
A behavior therapist makes use of the technique of open-ended questioning for the purpose of
obtaining important information related to the client's problem.
Q:
Expanding awareness is:
a. a basic goal of existential therapy.
b. possible only with a few clients.
c. not given emphasis in existential therapy.
d. limited by our unconscious resistance.
Q:
Which statement is false as it applies to reality therapy?
a. The focus is on observable behavior.
b. A commitment is an essential part of therapy.
c. There is a focus on getting clients to re-author their stories.
d. The therapist needs to establish an involvement with the client.
e. The past is not explored in this approach.
Q:
Narrative therapy is not well-suited to multicultural counseling.
Q:
Some researchers believe that fear of flying may be due primarily to claustrophobia.
Q:
In a group based on existential principles, clients learn:
a. that there are no ultimate answers for ultimate concerns.
b. to view themselves through others' eyes.
c. to come to terms with the paradoxes of existence.
d. that pain is a reality of the human experience.
e. all of these.
Q:
Which of the following statements about EMDR is not true?
a. Therapists should not use this procedure unless they receive proper training and supervision from an authorized EMDR instructor.
b. Some evidence indicates that the eye movement component of EMDR may not be integral to the treatment.
c. Controlled studies of EMDR demonstrate that this approach to treating trauma clearly outperforms no treatment and achieves similar or superior results as other methods.
d. EMDR consists of three basic phases involving hypnosis, targeted eye movement exercises, and debriefing.
Q:
The use of techniques is fundamental in narrative therapy.
Q:
A trend in contemporary behavior therapy is the increased emphasis on the role of thinking and "self-talk" as a factor in behavior.
Q:
Which technique is considered essential in existential therapy?
a. free association
b. analysis of resistance
c. analysis of dysfunctional family patterns
d. role playing
e. none of these
Q:
Which of the following approaches is not easily applied to group counseling?
a. Adlerian therapy
b. existential therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. feminist therapy
e. none of the above
Q:
The postmodern philosophy suggests that reality and truth are objective and clearly defined.
Q:
Modeling methods have been used in treating people with snake phobias and in teaching new behaviors to socially disturbed children.
Q:
According to the existential viewpoint, death:
a. makes life absurd.
b. makes life meaningless and hopeless.
c. gives significance to living.
d. should not be explored in therapy.
Q:
The customer-type relationship is associated with:
a. Adlerian therapy.
b. existential therapy.
c. solution-focused brief therapy.
d. family systems therapy.
e. dialectical behavior therapy.
Q:
Narrative therapy has been effectively applied in school settings.
Q:
Behavior therapy has been successfully used with developmentally delayed clients.
Q:
The central issue in existential therapy is:
a. freedom and responsibility.
b. resistance.
c. transference.
d. examining irrational beliefs.
Q:
Which therapy approach holds that the stories people live by grow out of conversations in a social and cultural context?
a. person-centered therapy
b. existential therapy
c. Adlerian therapy
d. solution-focused therapy
e. narrative therapy
Q:
The founder(s) of narrative therapy is (are):
a. Michael White and David Epston.
b. Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer.
c. Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck.
d. Donald Meichenbaum.
e. Albert Bandura.
Q:
Modeling is a form of systematic desensitization.
Q:
Philosophically, the existentialists would agree that:
a. the final decisions and choices rest with the client.
b. people redefine themselves by their choices.
c. a person can go beyond early conditioning.
d. making choices can create anxiety.
e. all of these.
Q:
Exploration of polarities is a technique used in ________.
a. cognitive-behavior therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. Adlerian therapy
d. existential therapy
e. Gestalt therapy
Q:
The founder(s) of solution-focused brief therapy is (are):
a. Michael White and David Epston.
b. Insoo Kim Berg and Steve de Shazer.
c. Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck.
d. Donald Meichenbaum.
e. Albert Bandura.
Q:
Some counselors feel behavior therapy is too focused on symptoms and not causes of problems.
Q:
Which of the following was not part of Stan's work in existential therapy?
a. Challenging his feelings of loneliness.
b. Working on his inauthentic relationship with his siblings.
c. Confronting his responsibility for his drug and alcohol use.
d. Exploring Stan's human potential.
Q:
Process and outcome studies on therapeutic effectiveness have been conducted primarily by those who subscribe to:
a. postmodern therapy.
b. reality therapy.
c. behavior therapy.
d. person-centered therapy.
e. both (c) and (d)
Q:
Which is not a major contribution of the postmodern approaches?
a. the non-pathologizing stance.
b. the optimistic orientation.
c. the course of treatment is quite short compared to other approaches.
d. research on these approaches is considered empirically generalizable.
Q:
Systematic desensitization typically includes the use of relaxation procedures.
Q:
Existential therapy is best considered as:
a. an approach to understanding humans.
b. a school of therapy.
c. a system of techniques designed to create authentic humans.
d. a strategy for uncovering dysfunctional behavior.
Q:
Which of the following statements about existential therapy is false?
a. Existential therapy is primarily aimed at working through the transference relationship.
b. Existential therapy is subjective in nature.
c. Existential therapy encourages clients to act on what they know and learn about themselves in therapy.
d. Existential therapy deals with such matters as anxiety, guilt, and freedom.
e. Existential therapy is aimed at helping clients make a commitment in the face of uncertainty.
Q:
A limitation of the postmodern approaches is:
a. therapists require extensive training in providing brief therapy.
b. inexperienced therapists may over rely on techniques and appear mechanistic.
c. the use of open-ended questioning.
d. its lack of applicability to group counseling.
Q:
Albert Bandura is credited with originally developing the progressive relaxation procedure.
Q:
Which is not an essential aim of existential-humanistic therapy?
a. to help clients become more present to both themselves and others
b. to assist clients in identifying ways they block themselves from fuller presence
c. to dispute clients' irrational beliefs.
d. to challenge clients to assume responsibility for designing their present lives
e. to encourage clients to choose more expanded ways of being in their daily lives.
Q:
According to Carl Rogers, effective therapy does not need to include ______.
a. diagnosis.
b. therapist interpretation.
c. active intervention of a directive nature by the therapist.
d. giving information or giving advice.
e. all of the above
Q:
The creation of the self, which dominated the modernist search for human essence and truth:
a. is being replaced by postmodernists with the concept of socially storied lives.
b. is also a key concept of the postmodern approaches.
c. is more relevant in the narrative approach than it is in solution-oriented therapy.
d. has proven to be completely irrelevant to all counselors and therapists practicing today.
Q:
Which is not true of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?
a. The approach was formulated for treating borderline personality disorders.
b. DBT emphasizes the importance of the client/therapist relationship.
c. DBT incorporates mindfulness training and Zen practices.
d. DBT is a blend of Adlerian concepts and behavioral techniques.
e. DBT relies on empirical data to support its effectiveness.
Q:
The British scholar working to develop training programs in existential therapy is:
a. Rollo May.
b. Irvin Yalom.
c. Emmy van Deurzen.
d. J. Michael Russell.
Q:
Which of the following notions do the feminist, postmodern, and person-centered approaches share in common?
a. the belief that the client is the expert on his or her life
b. the importance of interpretation of dreams
c. their stance on diagnosis
d. both (a) and (c)
e. all of the above
Q:
Narrative therapists pay attention to "sparkling events." These are:
a. moments when the client feels exhilarated.
b. events that contradict problem-saturated narratives.
c. times when significant others give the client unconditional love.
d. events characterized by a striving to overcome barriers.
e. stories the client shares that are too good to be true, and in fact, prove to be gross exaggerations of the truth.
Q:
Third-generation behavior therapies have been developed that center around five interrelated core themes. Which of these is not one of the core themes?
a. an expanded view of psychological health
b. a broad view of acceptable outcomes in therapy
c. acceptance
d. a more precise focus on psychopathology
e. creating a life worth living
Q:
Finding the "courage to be" involves:
a. confronting a specific phobia.
b. learning to be alone.
c. discarding old values.
d. developing a will to move forward despite fears.
e. all of these.
Q:
Which of the following approaches does not place emphasis on homework outside of therapy sessions?
a. cognitive behavioral therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. reality therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. both (b) and (c)
Q:
Narrative therapists attempt to do all of the following except:
a. engage people in deconstructing problem-saturated stories.
b. discover preferred directions and new possibilities.
c. create new stories.
d. encourage free association.
Q:
EMDR is typically used to help clients:
a. restructure their cognitions regarding traumatic events.
b. explore repressed unconscious material from early childhood.
c. facilitate the client's expression of personal needs while in relationship with others.
d. reduce anxiety related to specific phobias.
Q:
The basic goal of existential psychotherapy is:
a. to expand self-awareness.
b. to increase choice potentials.
c. to help clients accept the responsibility of choosing.
d. to help the client experience authentic existence.
e. all of these
Q:
In working with a client, a solution-focused therapist would be least likely to use which of the following techniques?a. co-create new solutions with the clientb. explore problems transmitted from generation to generationc. miracle questionsd. exception questionse. scaling questions
Q:
There are attributes that show the important relationships of building one community with the larger community. Which of the following attributes would overlap to build an authentic school community?
a. Democracy
b. Inquiry
c. Moral Principles
d. Self interest
Q:
Arrington and Moore (2001) discuss the importance of involving students in learning experiences that stretch into the community and the world. Which of the following are examples of this type of learning?
a. Service learning
b. Place based learning
c. Democratic learning
d. All of these
Q:
Christenson, Fendley, and Robinson (1989) created guidelines for schools to participate in community development. Which of the following are the guidelines?
a. Connect the community development process directly to school development
b. Connect the community process to school learning
c. Coordinate participation with other community agencies and organizations.
d. Coordinate with organizations that clearly fit the standards
Q:
Dryfoos (1994) defined the full-service school, which integrates school-based and school-linked community service. Which of the following are examples of this school?
a. Scholarship
b. Orientation for new members
c. Health services
d. All of these
Q:
Supervisors extend to engage with the larger community through expanding into building which of the following?
a. School-community collaboration
b. Community as a learning environment
c. Service learning projects
d. All of these
Q:
Reflective dialogue is essential to the data analysis because it enables teachers to dialogue about
a. student learning
b. assessment
c. equity
d. school-community relation
Q:
Earl and Katz (2006) discuss how data gathering and analysis being essential to systematic inquiry. How did they suggest that educators could become more comfortable with data?
a. Use data as a human thinking activity
b. Use human thinking activity that draws on personal views
c. Captures and organizing ideas to formulate changes in practice
d. All of these
Q:
Community of inquiry can be used in action research through a cycle of inquiry. What are the components of this cycle of inquiry?
a. Agreement on focus of inquiry
b. Gathering and analysis of data
c. Reflective Dialogue
d. Action
Q:
The professional learning communities have the following effects on schools? Which of the following apply to this research?
a. Make teachers more student centered
b. Improve the culture
c. Maintaining individual identity and professional autonomy
d. All of these
Q:
DuFour (2005) suggests that Professional Learning Community focuses on student learning. What are some characteristics of this?
a. Ongoing formative assessment
b. Providing feedback to help teachers adjust their teaching
c. Track student progress
d. All of the these
Q:
What does deprivatization of teaching look like in a school?
a. Teaching in your own classroom
b. Developing your skill and art in teaching
c. Visiting one another's classrooms for variety of reasons
d. All of the above
Q:
Which of the following research has defined professional learning communities?
a. Louis, Kruse, and Marks (1996) Shared beliefs, values and norms
b. DuFour, Eaker, and DuFour (2005) " Distributed, supportive leadership
c. Hord and Sommers (2008) Collective learning
d. All of these
Q:
Empowerment as a moral principle involves members of the school community to do which of the following?
a. Make decisions about matters that affect them
b. Changing assumptions, norms, roles and relationships that act as barriers toward self-reliance
c. Researching what is best for the individual to pursue happiness.
d. All of these
Q:
Which of the following definitions are not accurate in building community?
a. Connectedness means members of the school community should be restricted to single role in schools.
b. Accountability means providing feedback on one's performance and assistance for future performance.
c. Justice means treating members of the community in a fair and consistent manner.
d. All of these
Q:
Other moral principle, inclusion, combines beliefs in equality and equity. Which of the following would support this principle?
a. Responding to all cultures including immigrants
b. Responding to gay and lesbian students
c. Responding to supporting student who are gifted
d. All of the above
Q:
What are methods that are used to support Noddings' (2005) research on students developing the capacity to care for others?
a. Confirmation
b. Practice
c. Dialogue
d. Modeling
Q:
Moral community enables people to contribute to a better society. What principles does this community use?
a. Care
b. Wholeness
c. Individuality
d. Peace
Q:
In practicing a democratic pedagogy, students do which of the following?
a. Practice higher achievement scores
b. Works to make contribution to society
c. Assume escalating responsibilities for securing resources and finding places where they can apply further learning
d. All of these
Q:
Scholars indicate that true leadership promotes the compatibility of democracy and community. Which of the following researchers promotes this?
a. Scribner and colleagues (2007)
b. Sergiovanni (1999)
c. Dewey (1916)
d. All of these
Q:
Gordon, Stiegelbauer, and Diehl (2008) discusses that school improvement has been associated with a number of variables that may also occur in a democratic community. What are these?
a. Teacher empowerment
b. Academic Freedom
c. Reflective Dialogue
d. All of these
Q:
Dewey (1916) believed that democracy is about the social relationships in a community that holds the ideals and values in our society. Which of the following promotes democracy in the schools?
a. Assure equitable treatment of all minority groups
b. Involved all members of school community
c. Engage in civic participation and service
d. All of the following
Q:
Goodlad (2004) argues that educating students in democracy is essential to sustaining a democratic society. Which is the following is not supporting his research?
a. School is the only institution that is suited to teach these ideals.
b. Historically, leaders have envisioned the essential role of public schooling to sustain our republic.
c. Thoughtful men and women believed that the family sustained the community spirit.
d. All of the above
Q:
In a democratic community, research supports which of the following reasons?
a. Students experience a higher level of learning and achievement in conventional schools.
b. Charter schools work better and are more likely to improve.
c. Students are prepared to be informed and responsible citizens.
d. All of the above
Q:
Which of the following are attributes of a fully functioning school community?
a. Democracy and moral principles
b. Professional learning
c. Inquiry and engagement with the wider community
d. All of these
Q:
There are cautions in viewing schools as communities because
a. Shields and Selzer (1997) states that schools are but a microcosms of conflicts and disparities in the wider community.
b. Furman (1988) states that traditional unit is impossible because of the chaos in the postmodern world.
c. Sergiovanni (1999) states that life in organization and life in communities are different in both quality and kind.
d. All of these
Q:
Martin and MacNeil (2007) discuss the classical organization theory, which emphasizes efficiency and productivity. Which is not a characteristic of this type of theory?
a. Student work is based upon creativity and building social emotional learning.
b. Student is prepared for the work force
c. Students respond positively to this culture because their skills are used.
d. All of these
Q:
Sergiovanni (1999) proposed viewing schools as communities rather than organizations. How does his research show the difference between the organization and the communities?
a. Communities create social lives with others
b. Organization has a system of hierarchies, roles and expectations.
c. Communities rely more on norms, purposes, and values when confronted by external control.
d. All of these
Q:
Action Research is a framework for integrating the technical tasks of supervision into a program addressing diversity. What are the key considerations?
a. Integrate the technical tasks (direct assistance, group development, professional development, curriculum development and action research)
b. Provide professional development on knowledge, skills, and strategies to address diverse students
c. Assist directly teachers to apply culturally responsive teaching through clinical supervision, peer coaching, demonstration teaching etc.
Q:
How can educators move forward beyond the overarching patterns of cultural clashes between the dominant culture and the minorities? Which of the following should be done to move forward?
a. Learn about your own culture, clashes, and the negative effects on diverse groups
b. Confront the data that is different from your own beliefs
c. Engage in dialogue regarding your personal commitment to promote diversity
d. All of these
Q:
When a problem area has been identified, which of the following strategies can be used to foster equity for GLBT students?
a. Change curriculum by directly using inclusive literature that promotes positive role models
b. Promote antibullying programs that educates students on respect for all
c. Appoint an adult advocate or team of advocates for sexual minorities
d. All of the above
Q:
Supervisors and teachers must collaboratively examine aspects of schooling that might contribute to equity. What should be included in this examination?
a. School policies, including domestic partnership agreements between teachers
b. School climate prohibiting discrimination
c. Student achievement
d. Interactions in classroom and common areas