Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Counseling
Q:
A limitation of reality therapy is that it:
a. consists of simple concepts that are easily grasped.
b. discounts the therapeutic value of dreams.
c. does not appeal to resistant clients.
d. has limited applicability.
e. goes along with the medical model of therapy.
Q:
Which of the following best describes the relationship of police to minorities?
a. Friendly
b. Cooperative
c. Peaceful
d. Difficult
Q:
Reality therapists see therapeutic value in working with a client's dreams.
Q:
According to most police departments,
a. domestic violence should be handled privately.
b. domestic violence is a "no-win" situation, in which both parties are often uncooperative or hostile toward law enforcement.
c. police should maintain existing policies in regard to matters of domestic violence.
d. police should become less involved with matters of domestic violence.
Q:
A strategy for addressing domestic violence that is supported by some research suggests to:
a. remove the victim from the home and then place the victim in a homeless shelter.
b. make no arrests.
c. make arrests in all cases.
d. bring a counselor to the scene of all domestic violence calls.
Q:
In Gestalt therapy, the relationship between client and counselor is seen as:
a. a joint venture.
b. an existential encounter.
c. an I/Thou interaction.
d. both (a) and (b)
e. all of the above
Q:
Psychodynamic group therapy:
a. provides a conceptual framework for understanding how the past effects members in the present.
b. may evoke transference feelings that remind members of significant others in their lives.
c. is lengthy.
d. is primarily based on therapist interpretation.
e. both (a) and (b) are true
Q:
Studies of police practices regarding domestic violence that occurred before the women's movement found that
a. most male police officers beat their wives.
b. police chiefs prohibited officers from ever making arrests.
c. police were less likely to intervene when wives were victimized by their husbands.
d. stopping violence against women was a high priority of police.
Q:
Which of the following is true about the use of discretion by a police officer?
a. The more serious a crime is to the public, the more freedom officers have to ignore it.
b. A suspect who is very hostile is less likely to be arrested by an officer.
c. Policies of the police always promote the use of more discretion.
d. The closer the relationship between the alleged criminal and the victim, the more variable the use of discretion.
Q:
Some are critical of the "not-knowing" stance of the therapist and the negative stance on formal diagnosis in which of these therapies?
a. behavior therapy
b. solution-focused therapy
c. narrative therapy
d. both (b) and (c)
e. Adlerian therapy
Q:
Which person or organization has the most discretion with how the law is applied or interpreted on the scene?
a. Police commissioners
b. The U.S. Supreme Court
c. The officer on the scene
d. U.S. attorney generals
Q:
One of the procedures of reality therapy is to work through unfinished business from the past.
Q:
Which of James Q. Wilson's styles of policing is marked by professionalism and emphasis on law enforcement?
a. Watchman
b. Legalistic
c. Service
d. Suburban
Q:
According to Gestalt theory, all of the following are true about contact except:
a. contact is necessary for change and growth to occur.
b. one maintains a sense of individuality as a result of good contact.
c. withdrawal after a good contact experience indicates neurosis.
d. contact is made by seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and moving.
e. we often tend to resist contact with others.
Q:
A therapist's countertransference reactions:
a. should be avoided.
b. have the potential to interfere with effective treatment.
c. can provide rich understanding of the client's experience.
d. should be carefully monitored by the therapist.
e. all except for (a)
Q:
Which is true concerning police policy?
a. Decisions about how police resources will be used affect who gets arrested.
b. Officers are not limited in terms of how they investigate and pursue lawbreakers.
c. Police tend to de-emphasize their role as crime fighters.
d. Police have unlimited resources.
Q:
The negative impact of discrimination and oppression for both men and women has surfaced as a result of:
a. rational emotive behavior therapy.
b. person-centered therapy.
c. family systems therapy.
d. feminist therapy.
Q:
According to public opinion polls, which police function is most important in the minds of citizens?
a. Order maintenance
b. Service
c. Departmental
d. Law enforcement
Q:
If police officers provide first aid, rescue animals, or help the homeless, this is an example of the _______ police function.
a. departmental
b. service
c. order maintenance
d. law enforcement
Q:
Choice theory emphasizes that what happens outside us in the real world is of little significance unless it relates to what is inside us in our personal world.
Q:
Empirical support for Gestalt therapy is:
a. weak.
b. well-developed.
c. is becoming stronger.
d. is unavailable.
Q:
A police function that is a broad mandate to prevent behavior that disturbs the peace or involves face-to-face conflict is called
a. order maintenance.
b. service.
c. law enforcement.
d. departmental order.
Q:
Which of the following is not a component of the brief psychodynamic approaches?
a. use of interpretation early in the therapeutic relationship
b. targeting a specific interpersonal problem during the first session
c. the therapist functions as a blank slate
d. developing a strong working alliance
e. none of the above
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy is noted for using numerous cognitive, emotive, and behavioral techniques?
a. person-centered therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. rational emotive behavior therapy
d. narrative therapy
e. existential therapy
Q:
Which of the following areas is not a priority of the FBI?
a. Political corruption
b. Organized crime
c. Terrorism
d. Minor blue-collar crime
Q:
The Federal Bureau of Investigation came to prominence under the leadership of
a. J. Edgar Hoover.
b. Franklin Roosevelt.
c. James Q. Wilson.
d. Sir Robert Peel.
Q:
Contemporary reality therapy is based on the assumption that people are moved by inner forces; that is, that behavior is not caused by environmental factors.
Q:
Throughout the United States, police are characterized by
a. consolidation and a local orientation.
b. fragmentation and a national orientation.
c. consolidation and a national orientation.
d. fragmentation and a local orientation.
Q:
According to Gestalt theory, people use avoidance in order to:
a. keep themselves from facing unfinished business.
b. keep from feeling uncomfortable emotions.
c. keep from having to change.
d. all the above
e. both (a) and (b)
Q:
When police arrest subway fare beaters, loiterers, and panhandlers, they are focusing on _____ crimes.
a. quality-of-life
b. mens rea
c. quantity-of-arrest
d. common law
Q:
In their article entitled "Broken Windows: The Police and Neighborhood Safety," James Q. Wilson and George Kelling argued that police should work more on
a. ending corruption within the police force.
b. being more involved with local political leaders.
c. the most significant problems, such as catching violent repeat offenders in the act.
d. the little problems such as maintaining order.
Q:
Countertransference occurs when:
a. the client has positive reactions toward his/her therapist.
b. the therapist has reactions toward the client that interfere with his or her objectivity.
c. the therapist's needs and wants for the client disrupt the treatment.
d. all of the above are true.
e. both (b) and (c) are true.
Q:
One contribution of Adlerian therapy has been an emphasis on:
a. unconscious motivations.
b. empirical validation.
c. unleashing buried feelings.
d. precision.
e. social and psychological factors.
Q:
The community-based model of policing occurred between
a. 1820 and 1840.
b. 1790 and 1820.
c. 1840 and 1920.
d. 1970 and the present.
Q:
Reality therapy cautions against the therapist mentoring the client.
Q:
Who was the leading advocate of professionalism within law enforcement?
a. George Kelling
b. Catherine Coles
c. O. W. Wilson
d. Sir John Fielding
Q:
Which of the following is not an element of the model of professional policing?
a. The police force should be actively involved in politics.
b. Laws should be enforced equally.
c. The police force should use new technology.
d. Personnel procedures should be based on merit.
Q:
A contribution of this therapeutic approach is that:
a. it enables intense experiencing to occur quickly.
b. it can be a relatively brief therapy.
c. it stresses doing and experiencing, as opposed to talking about problems.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Q:
Which of the following is not true of the "working-through" process in psychoanalytic therapy?
a. It involves the exploration of unconscious material and defenses.
b. It is achieved by free association.
c. It involves exploring resistances.
d. It is a very demanding phase of therapy.
e. It involves the transference relationship.
Q:
Which historical era was influenced by the Progressives?
a. The community policing era
b. The professional era
c. The reform era
d. The political era
Q:
The political era of policing was characterized by
a. urban riots.
b. hiring of officers through connections to elected officials.
c. the introduction of the automobile patrol and two-way radios.
d. civil service selection of officers.
Q:
Which of the following approaches consists of simple and clear concepts and emphasizes the role of choice?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. reality therapy
c. narrative therapy
d. Gestalt therapy
e. family systems therapy
Q:
The historical period of policing known as the political era occurred between
a. 1820 and 1840.
b. 1840 and 1920.
c. 1920 and 1970.
d. 1790 and 1820.
Q:
Reality therapy is not well-suited to group counseling.
Q:
From a multicultural perspective, a limitation of Gestalt therapy is that:
a. it does not specify techniques.
b. it tends to produce high levels of intense feelings.
c. it is highly focused on direct expression of feelings.
d. it dwells too much on the past.
e. both (b) and (c)
Q:
Who developed the object-relations view that focuses on separation and individuation?
a. Perls
b. Satir
c. Rogers
d. Mahler
e. Erikson
Q:
Which historical era involved close ties between the police and local leaders of government?
a. The professional era
b. The reform era
c. The political era
d. The community policing era
Q:
In 1285 in England, what was the system of policing called?
a. Metropolitan Police Act
b. Fielding Amendment
c. Progressives
d. Parish-constable watch system
Q:
Which of the following approaches challenges social and cultural injustices that lead to oppression of certain groups?
a. family systems therapy
b. psychoanalytic therapy
c. person-centered therapy
d. narrative therapy
e. reality therapy
Q:
In London, police commissioners named after Sir Robert Peel were called
a. peelers.
b. bobbies.
c. robbers.
d. berts.
Q:
In England, when groups of families agreed to uphold the law, keep order, and bring violators to a court, this was called the
a. service.
b. frankpledge.
c. League of Bobbies.
d. commissioners pledge.
Q:
Reality therapists believe in a biological basis for mental illness.
Q:
One bureaucratic element which distinguishes police organizations is the chain of command. a. True
b. False
Q:
The basic goal of Gestalt therapy is:
a. attaining awareness, and with it greater choice.
b. to understand why we feel as we do.
c. to uncover repressed material.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Q:
Police rules and regulations are typically found in a police manual.
a. True
b. False
Q:
All of the following are a part of Jung's view of development except:
a. individuation
b. the shadow.
c. symbiosis.
d. collective unconscious.
e. archetypes.
Q:
Police departments typically have several divisions and bureaus and this arrangement is referred to as bifurcation. a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following approaches is credited with an emphasis on assessment and evaluation?
a. behavior therapy
b. existential therapy
c. psychoanalytic therapy
d. reality therapy
e. Gestalt therapy
Q:
According to Glasser, many of the problems of clients are caused by:
a. unfinished business with parents.
b. sibling rivalry.
c. early childhood trauma.
d. their inability to connect or to have a satisfying relationship with at least one of the significant people in their lives.
e. the failure to succeed in changing the other person in the relationship.
Q:
The elites of society expect the service style of law enforcement.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The paradoxical theory of behavior change suggests:
a. we change by setting future-oriented goals.
b. clients should pay particular attention to becoming the person they wish to be.
c. careful attention should devoted to changing behavior in the moment it is happening.
d. we change through becoming aware of who we currently are.
e. all of the above
Q:
Police operational units typically include patrol, investigation, traffic, vice, and juvenile units.
a. True
b. False
Q:
It is widely accepted that the strategies used by modern police can reduce crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
From a multicultural perspective, classical analysis may:
a. discourage clients who do not hold upper-middle-class values.
b. be problematic for clients from cultures that prefer a directive approach.
c. underscore the role of important cultural and political factors in the client's world.
d. all of the above
e. both (b) and (c) are true
Q:
One contribution of psychoanalytic therapy has been its:
a. subjective approach.
b. reliance on research for validation.
c. detailed and comprehensive description of personality structure and functioning.
d. emphasis on an I/Thou relationship.
Q:
Special jurisdiction agencies are essentially a system of small police departments, with their particular jurisdiction in mind.
a. True
b. False
Q:
According to choice theory, psychiatric symptoms are:
a. the direct result of choices we have made.
b. equally influenced by our will and the environment.
c. strictly biological in nature and not under our control.
d. manifested as a means of trying to getting our needs met.
e. both (a) and (d) are true
Q:
Explain the role of the Fourteenth Amendment in criminal justice.
Q:
What are the five tests that are used to prove insanity in court.
Q:
The Gestalt approach to dreams:
a. rests with the therapist's skill in interpreting the meanings of the dreams to the client.
b. consists of teaching the client the universal meanings of symbols in dreams.
c. asks the client to become all parts of his or her own dream.
d. has the client actively interpret the meaning of the dream for himself or herself.
e. both (c) and (d)
Q:
Developmentally, Freud's latency stage corresponds to Erickson's stage of:
a. trust versus mistrust.
b. intimacy versus isolation.
c. initiative versus guilt.
d. identity versus role confusion.
e. industry versus inferiority.
Q:
Explain why mens rea is so important to finding a person guilty of a crime.
Q:
Discuss the importance of the right to a speedy and public trial?
Q:
Which of the following approaches to therapy is best suited for helping people to create an alternative life story?
a. narrative therapy
b. psychoanalytic therapy
c. person-centered therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
e. behavior therapy
Q:
What is the current composition of the U.S. Supreme Court? Does it lean more toward liberal or conservative? Will this change in the coming years?
Q:
Regarding group counseling, reality therapists:
a. implement the WDEP system.
b. encourage clients to develop their own homework assignments.
c. emphasize how past experiences have shaped the members' views of themselves.
d. all of the above
e. both (a) and (b)
Q:
Explain why due process is such a vital component to the modern-day criminal justice system.
Q:
A Gestalt technique that is most useful when a person attempts to deny an aspect of his or her personality (such as tenderness) is:
a. making the rounds.
b. the reversal exercise.
c. the rehearsal exercise.
d. the empty chair technique.
Q:
Explain the difference between murder and manslaughter.
Q:
A person who is suffering from feelings of alienation and isolation has probably failed to achieve a sense of ___________ during the ___________stage of development.
a. identity; adolescence
b. trust; infancy
c. generativity; middle age
d. intimacy; young adulthood
e. integrity; later life