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Q:
CASE 12.2
Gloria Karli, a secretary and single mother of three with no prior arrests, was arrested for larceny and vandalism when she stole $700 worth of jewelry from a coworker's house and slashed the coworker's tires in retaliation for comments made to Gloria's supervisor about missing work for unexcused reasons. Given this information, answer the following questions:
After the completion of her jail sentence Gloria is released, but three days into her probation she is found to have harassed and threatened the victim of the prior offense. Which type of hearing of is scheduled in order to address the new charges?
a. Revocation
b. Restitution
c. Retraction
d. Probation repeal
Q:
CASE 12.2
Gloria Karli, a secretary and single mother of three with no prior arrests, was arrested for larceny and vandalism when she stole $700 worth of jewelry from a coworker's house and slashed the coworker's tires in retaliation for comments made to Gloria's supervisor about missing work for unexcused reasons. Given this information, answer the following questions:
Given Ms. Karli's noncriminal past, the judge orders the offender into a program that sentences her to ten days in jail, followed by six months of probation. This is called:
a. Shock probation.
b. Day fines.
c. Restitution.
d. Family circle sentencing.
Q:
CASE 12.1
John Lewis is a 28-year-old married man with one child who was laid off from his job as a coal miner and was recently arrested for possession of drugs in rural West Virginia. His attorney made it known during the court process that Mr. Lewis's arrest for prescription pain drugs without a valid prescription stemmed from an injury he sustained years ago on the job. Given this information, answer the follow questions:
While on probation, Mr. Lewis confides in his probation officer that he has illegally purchased pain medications from a neighbor. The probation officer reports this to police. If taken to trial, the actions of the probation will be upheld because of the findings in the case of:
a. Burger v. Wisconsin.
b. Minnesota v. Murphy.
c. Upshaw v. Zabriskie.
d. Sancomb v. Crutchfield.
Q:
CASE 12.1
John Lewis is a 28-year-old married man with one child who was laid off from his job as a coal miner and was recently arrested for possession of drugs in rural West Virginia. His attorney made it known during the court process that Mr. Lewis's arrest for prescription pain drugs without a valid prescription stemmed from an injury he sustained years ago on the job. Given this information, answer the follow questions:
After entering into the probation system, Mr. Lewis's danger to the community was assessed in a process called a(n):
a. Presentence report.
b. Risk assessment.
c. Risk classification.
d. Intake.
Q:
CASE 12.1
John Lewis is a 28-year-old married man with one child who was laid off from his job as a coal miner and was recently arrested for possession of drugs in rural West Virginia. His attorney made it known during the court process that Mr. Lewis's arrest for prescription pain drugs without a valid prescription stemmed from an injury he sustained years ago on the job. Given this information, answer the follow questions:
After being given a report by the probation department called a ________________, the judge discovers that Mr. Lewis's claims are valid, that he is not a flight risk or a danger to society, and that he has educational and job experience that warrant probation.
a. Presentence investigation
b. Intake report
c. Sentence disposition
d. Sentencing report
Q:
Which of the following is not a goal of Intensive Probation Supervision (IPS) programs?
a. Decarceration
b. Reintegration
c. Control
d. Restoration
Q:
In the final phase, Officer Simmons assesses the amount of danger that Johnny poses to the community. This process is known as what?
a. Diagnosis
b. Risk classification
c. Presentence investigation
d. Treatment supervision
Q:
Officer Simmons believes that Johnny has a drug problem. She recommends that he attend in-patient counseling in a drug rehabilitation facility and be subject to frequent, unannounced urine analysis as part of his probation. This process is known as what?
a. Diagnosis
b. Risk classification
c. Presentence investigation
d. Treatment supervision
Q:
CALEA standards are a safeguard for officers involved in use of force incidents. Explain and discuss the concept of "noble cause corruption" and how officers can immunize themselves from this type of corruption.
Q:
The New York Police Department has a policy known as "Stop-and-Frisk". Many in the affected communities, especially the minority community, claim this policy is race-based. State the basics of the policy and discuss if this policy is race-based. What reasons are given by the police department for the policy? Why or why not do you believe the policy is sound?
Q:
In the next phase, Officer Simmons interviews Johnny and assesses his character, attitude, and behavior in order to determine the best possible treatment. This process is known as what?
a. Diagnosis
b. Risk classification
c. Presentence investigation
d. Treatment supervision
Q:
Johnny is convicted of possession of a controlled substance and sentenced to probation. Johnny's case is assigned to Probation Officer Simmons. In assessing Johnny's case, Simmons first collects as much information about Johnny's background and activities as she can to help determine the terms of Johnny's probation. This process is known as what?
a. Diagnosis
b. Risk classification
c. Presentence investigation
d. Treatment supervision
Q:
According to the text Wilson and Weiss set forth four basic approaches to workforce levels specifically intended for smaller departments. List and discuss these four approaches and which approach you would favor if you were the chief of a small agency and why?
Q:
Which of the following is not a benefit of community sentencing that includes probation?
a. Less costly than jail or prison
b. Helps the offender maintain family and community ties
c. Acts as a means of general deterrence
d. Gives offenders a "second chance"
Q:
Which of the following is a type of sentencing in which all parties, victims, offenders, community, and family members participate in an effort to devise fair and reasonable sanctions aimed at reintegration of the offender into the community?
a. Family group counseling
b. Sentencing circles
c. Victim"offender mediation
d. Restorative counseling
Q:
According to research cited in the text, how do the police actually spend their time at work. Do you believe the way the police spend their time is the most productive and why or why not?
Q:
The intended goal of restorative justice is to:
a. Repair injuries suffered by the victim and the community.
b. Ensure reintegration of the offender into the community.
c. Repair injuries suffered by the victim and the community and ensure reintegration of the offender into the community.
d. Reduce prison crowding and the administrative costs of probation.
Q:
This 1974 U.S. Supreme Court landmark decision was instrumental in changing what important aspect of law enforcement. Read and discuss the impact of Tennessee v. Garner on law enforcement. How would you have decided this case and why?
Q:
List the types and uses of less-lethal weapons by the police. Discuss when and under what circumstances these less-lethal weapons are used. What are the potential negative consequences of less-lethal weapons and should this prevent their use?
Q:
Which of the following is a view of the criminal justice system that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than against the state?
a. Restitution
b. Probation
c. Parole
d. Restorative justice
Q:
Officers have tremendous latitude when exercising police discretion. List and discuss what are some of the factors that influence police discretion. What do you believe are the two most important factors and why?
Q:
The main goal of restitution is to:
a. Pay back the victim.
b. Specifically deter the criminal.
c. Create smaller caseloads.
d. Shock the inmate.
Q:
One effect of California's Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act, which allows offenders to participate in community-based drug programs, has been that:
a. Clients were nearly 50% less likely to be rearrested for a drug crime.
b. Clients were likely to be rearrested for a drug crime.
c. These programs have nearly 100% success rates for nonviolent offenders.
d. There is no indication that these community-based programs are linked to recidivism at all.
Q:
Compare and contrast each of James Q. Wilson's police department operational styles. Which operational style should the police emphasize and why?
Q:
List and discuss the basic differences between the crime-fighting role and the order-maintenance role of the police? Which role do you believe the police should emphasize and why?
Q:
Which of the following is the practice that requires convicted criminals to spend a portion of their sentence behind bars and the remainder in the community?
a. Community probation.
b. Split sentencing.
c. Surprise sentencing.
d. Electronic monitoring.
Q:
What is police discretion? Discuss and give examples of some of the ways police exercise discretion.
Q:
Which of the following is a condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of the crime for the trouble caused by the offender?
a. Family circle sentencing
b. Restitution
c. Restoration
d. Forfeiture
Q:
Which of the following crimes would most likely end in a sentence of a fine only?
a. Murder
b. Burglary
c. Public intoxication
d. Assault
Q:
List and explain each of Broderick's styles. Which style of officer would you want in your community? Why?
Q:
Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds is called a(n):
a. Fine.
b. Tariff.
c. Impose charge.
d. Duty tax.
Q:
List the primary and secondary goals of policing and give an example of how the police work toward each goal.
Q:
The case of Tate v. Short (1971) recognized that:
a. Incarcerating individuals who could not pay fines discriminates against the poor.
b. Incarcerating individuals who violate probation for a misdemeanor offense violates the Eighth Amendment with regard to cruel and unusual punishment.
c. Restitution can only be used in cases which a felony was not the primary offense of the accused.
d. Community service restitution is unlawful for individuals who can afford to pay day fines.
Q:
According to the text, two roles of police work are crime-fighting and order-maintenance. What do you think the police role really is?
Q:
Suspect characteristics most influential in making an arrest after a traffic stop was whether the suspect was_____________________.
Q:
Which is the group of punishments that falls between probation and prison and is primarily community-based and usually administered by probation departments?
a. Intermediate sanctions
b. Community probation resource programs
c. Hot spot probation
d. Transitional sentencing
Q:
National data indicate that what percentage of probationers successfully complete their probationary sentences?
a. 30
b. 53
c. 65
d. 75
Q:
Wilson and Kelling's ___________________ theory suggests if an area of the community is allowed to deteriorate without some remedy, crime will increase.
Q:
The significance of the case of United States v. Granderson (1994) is that it clarified:
a. What can happen to a probationer whose community sentence is revoked.
b. The minimum and maximum sentence lengths for probation.
c. That probation cannot be revoked due to the inability to pay one's fines.
d. When counsel is mandated for a revocation hearing.
Q:
Most police departments now train their officers in the use of force using the __________.
Q:
During the 1970s, many police departments developed an alternative to the fleeing felon doctrine; it was called the __________.
Q:
The U.S. system of criminal justice is interested in the __________, in addition to the letter of the law.
Q:
The Oklahoma Department of Corrections is testing a GPS-based monitoring system that uses GIS (geographic information system) to better assess an offender's location. This is known as:
a. GeoShadow.
b. Geocaching.
c. Graphic Inmate Reception.
d. Oklahoma Geographic Inmate Location (OGIL).
Q:
Ninety-six percent of local police departments have turned to the use of __________ in an attempt to reduce the use of deadly force.
Q:
Which case ruled that probation officer"client relationship is not confidential and that if a crime is admitted to a probation officer the information can be passed onto the police.
a. McKenzie v. Fahey
b. Garrett v. Miller
c. Minnesota v. Murphy
d. Griffin v. Wisconsin
Q:
The federal government has redefined its deadly force policy used by federal agents and has adopted the __________ standard.
Q:
One of the most widely advertised standardized tests used to predict failure and assigned treatment for probationers is:
a. Level of Service-Revised (LSI-R).
b. Wechsler Primary Scale of Probation (WPSP).
c. Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS).
d. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).
Q:
In 1985, the U.S. Supreme Court dealt with police use of deadly force, declaring the __________unconstitutional.
Q:
Which of the following is the assessment of the threat level probationers pose to the community and themselves?
a. Risk classification
b. Recognizance
c. Probationary taxonomy
d. Intermediate sanctions
Q:
The accumulation of important information on the background and activities of an offender being considered for probation is called:
a. Probation narrative.
b. Presentence investigation.
c. Presentence examination.
d. Probationary review.
Q:
Arresting offenders and assisting prosecutors in bringing charges against defendants is one of the primary methods used by police to maintain order and protect __________and __________.
Q:
The availability of a choice of options or actions one can take in a situation is called __________.
Q:
Which of the following is the process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceedings?
a. Presentence diversion
b. Intake
c. Classification
d. Declassification
Q:
The police try to create a sense that they are always there. This is called __________.
Q:
A prison term that is delayed while the defendant undergoes a period of community treatment is called:
a. Delayed treatment.
b. Presentencing diversion.
c. Suspended sentence.
d. Community treatment diversion sentence.
Q:
The first state in the United States to legislate probation and appoint paid probation officers was:
a. Pennsylvania.
b. Missouri.
c. Massachusetts.
d. New York.
Q:
Carl B. Klockars, in Idea of Police, broadly defines the basic function of the police as dealing with all those problems that may require the use of __________.
Q:
According to the text, one way of controlling discretion, particularly improper application of discretion, is the establishment of:
a. strong policies.
b. employee early warning systems.
c. citizen review boards.
d. active reporting systems.
Q:
The modern idea of probation is credited to:
a. Lawrence Driscoll.
b. John Augustus.
c. John Howard.
d. Zebulon Brockway.
Q:
The medieval practice of allowing convicted offenders to go unpunished if they agreed to refrain from any further criminal behavior was known as:
a. Judicial waiver.
b. Recognizance.
c. Revocation.
d. Judicial reprieve.
Q:
In the landmark case Tennessee v. Garner, the U.S. Supreme Court declared the ____________________ rule unconstitutional.
a. fleeing felon
b. consent search
c. detention
d. stop and frisk
Q:
The common-law practice that allowed judges to suspend punishment so that convicted offenders could seek a pardon or demonstrate that they had reformed their behavior was known as:
a. Recognizance.
b. Judicial reprieve.
c. Judicial waiver.
d. Revocation.
Q:
Based on 2010 statistics, approximately ____________________ people were killed justifiably by police in a three-year period.
a. 25
b. 390
c. 1,322
d. 10,227
Q:
Statistics clearly indicate that police officers:
a. overuse force.
b. do not overuse force.
c. overuse threats.
d. display their weapons too often.
Q:
As compared with jail and prison sentences for drug-related crimes, community-based drug programs have shown:
a. More recidivism.
b. Less recidivism.
c. More violence among participants.
d. No difference.
Q:
Some studies have found evidence of gender bias in sentencing.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Studies of police discretion have shown that the most significant factor in the decision to arrest is the:
a. location of the offense.
b. officer"offender relationship.
c. seriousness of the offense committed.
d. offender's past criminal history.
Q:
Annually about 70% of convicted felons are sentenced to some time in prison or jail.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Most police patrol time is spent:
a. as uncommitted time.
b. as committed time.
c. responding to calls for service.
d. responding to dispatch.
Q:
In the 1970s, the American Law Institute proposed a(n) ____________________, which included new policies on the use of deadly force.
a. administrative rule
b. National Bill of Police Rights
c. legislative bill
d. Model Penal Code
Q:
Most current empirical evidence suggests that three-strike laws are a deterrent for violent offenders.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Choke holds, carotid holds, and neck restraints became a source of controversy after:
a. several lawsuits.
b. some deaths.
c. further study.
d. changes in law enforcement policies.
Q:
Indeterminate sentencing is currently the most widely used sentence structure in the United States.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is part of the federal government's imminent danger standard for use of deadly force?
a. firing warning shots
b. shooting at moving vehicles
c. prisoner attempting escape who was being held in a high-security prison
d. nonfatally shooting a suspect in the leg
Q:
Indeterminate sentencing refers to the type of sentence structure in which there is a preset number of years prescribed for the crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
If an inmate follows the institution rules and serves "good time," they can have some time subtracted from the sentence.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The ____________________ standard allows police officers to use deadly force against people who are using deadly force against an officer or another person, as well as in certain violent felony situations.
a. castle exception
b. defense of property
c. defense of life
d. defense of community
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the factors that may influence police discretion as indicated by research findings?
a. time of day
b. the offense
c. subject's attitude
d. subject's race
Q:
Diversion is one way of moving a first-time or nonserious offender into treatment as opposed to a more serious and potentially life-altering sanction.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the major factors Herbert Jacob says causes the police to exercise discretion?
a. department policies
b. characteristics of the crime
c. relationship between criminal and victim or between police and criminal or victim
d. geographic area of the crime