Q&A Hero

Q: The RICO Act and the ___________________________ help reintroduce forfeiture back into U.S. law.

Q: The rate of police suicides has dropped in recent decades. a. True b. False

Q: A group of punishments known as ______________________ fall between probation and prison and involve community-based sanctions such as house arrest and intensive supervision.

Q: Suicide is a serious problem in policing. a. True b. False

Q: At least twenty-five states now impose a fee on probationers to offset the cost of their probation; this is known as ____________________.

Q: In _______________________, the Court ruled that the probation officer"offender relationship is not confidential, as compared with that of an attorney"client or doctor"patient.

Q: As assessment of the threat level probationers pose to the public is called a _________________.

Q: One factor that identifies a police shooting as "suicide by cop" is that the suicidal subject must confront law enforcement to the degree that the officer or officers are compelled to react with deadly force to defend themselves or others from serious bodily injury or death. a. True b. False

Q: A report performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendant is called a _________________.

Q: Most police departments have management programs to deal with the stress problems of police officers. a. True b. False

Q: Studies have indicated that police officers face serious marital problems, health problems, and problems with alcohol and drugs. a. True b. False

Q: The process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceedings is known as____________________.

Q: The stress affecting police officers rarely affects their families. a. True b. False

Q: _______________ is usually credited with originating the modern probation concept beginning in Boston in the 1840s.

Q: The American Institute of Stress ranked police work as the top stress-producing job in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: The medieval practice of ________________ allowed for convicted offenders to go unpunished if they agreed to refrain from any further criminal behavior.

Q: The majority of studies have determined that the police personality derives from the socialization process in the police academy, field training, and patrol experience, instead of being inherent in the personality of those who enter into the police profession. a. True b. False

Q: The concept of the blue curtain was developed by Jerome Skolnick. a. True b. False

Q: The common-law practice of __________________ allowed judges to suspend punishment so that convicted offenders could seek a pardon, gather new evidence, or demonstrate reformed behavior.

Q: ____________ is a sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the courts; it is subject to certain conditions.

Q: The idea of danger permeates the police subculture. a. True b. False

Q: Restitution has been shown to reduce recidivism. a. True b. False

Q: The strong bonding that occurs among police officers places the highest value on the obligation to back up and support a fellow officer. a. True b. False

Q: Police officers and their families tend to avoid socializing with other police officers and their families, choosing to socialize instead with people in other lines of work. a. True b. False

Q: The police subculture is characterized by clannishness, secrecy, and isolation from those not in the group. a. True b. False

Q: The police have a subculture that is not substantially different from that found in other occupations in society. a. True b. False

Q: Movies and television shows like Dirty Harry and The Shield portray police violence. Do you think that these dramas actually contribute to the Dirty Harry syndrome?

Q: In restitution situations involving wealthy offenders, the judge can issue an order stipulating that the offender must get a low-paying public job and use the income as a means of payment. a. True b. False

Q: Personnel who observe warning signs (of suicide) in fellow officers should be encouraged to contact a supervisor. Should this be encouraged and does this violate the Blue Wall of Silence? Should the Blue Wall be violated in this situation? Why or who not?

Q: The legal concept of forfeiture was reintroduced under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) Act. a. True b. False

Q: Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome (PTSD) is becoming more recognized by individuals and departments. List and explain some of the signs and symptoms of PTSD and what departments can do to help address this problem.

Q: In a classic study, Petersilia et al. found that 65% of convicted felon probationers were not rearrested. a. True b. False

Q: What is it about society that causes officers to want to socialize together to the exclusion of all others? Is this a healthy practice? Why or why not?

Q: Discuss the killings of police officers. Why do you believe that officer killings occur? What can officers do to help prevent officer killings?

Q: Most revocations of probation occur during the first 3 months, because of technical violations. a. True b. False

Q: How can officers deal with the "blue wall" or "code of silence"? Why do you believe this "wall" still exists? How can we as citizens and officers break down the wall of silence?

Q: Case law has established that probationers are entitled to be represented by counsel during probation revocation hearings. a. True b. False

Q: Discuss why police officers commit suicide at very high rates. Explain what can be done to lower this suicide rate.

Q: Some officer involved shootings are classified as "suicide by cop." What does this phrase mean? How can officers prevent this phenomenon of suicide by cop or is there anything officers can do? If so what?

Q: In the case of Griffin v. Wisconsin (1987), the U.S. Supreme Court held that it was legal for probation officers to use trickery and deception to find out whether probationers under their care were engaging in illegal activities. a. True b. False

Q: Judges have broad discretion in setting the terms of probation. a. True b. False

Q: What are some of the methods being used by police departments today to deal with stress?

Q: The genesis of probation in the United States can be traced back to the efforts of John Augustus in Boston. a. True b. False

Q: What is stress? Name some factors causing stress in policing.

Q: What is the Dirty Harry problem? Could you ever justify an officer acting the way Dirty Harry Callahan did? Why or why not?

Q: Victim"offender mediation programs are used worldwide and in the United States are often employed in schools. a. True b. False

Q: The idea of sentencing circles originated following the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. a. True b. False

Q: Describe the police personality. Does police work attract people who already have this personality or is it the result of becoming an officer?

Q: What is the police culture or subculture and how does it manifest itself?

Q: Restorative justice is aimed at bringing all members of the offense together, including victims, offender, families, community, and law enforcement. a. True b. False

Q: A study of the psychological effects of _________________ on involved officers revealed that the short-term effects of these incidents seem to entail the same psychological limp acts experienced by officers involved in most critical incidents.

Q: Restitution programs must include monetary fines to the victim and cannot be used in conjunction with community service programs. a. True b. False

Q: The phenomenon in which a person wishing to die deliberately places an officer in a life-threatening situation, causing the officer to use deadly force against that person, is known as __________.

Q: Fines are still commonly used in Europe, where they are often the sole penalty, even in cases involving chronic offenders who commit fairly serious crimes. a. True b. False

Q: The body's reaction to highly stressful situations is known as the __________ response.

Q: In the United States, fines are most commonly used in cases involving misdemeanors. a. True b. False

Q: __________ is the body's reaction to internal or external stimuli that upset the body's normal state.

Q: Intermediate sanctions are no longer used in over forty states because of the cost and ineffectiveness of the programs. a. True b. False

Q: The ethical problem in which police are confronted with situations in which they feel forced to take certain illegal actions to achieve a greater good is known as the __________ problem.

Q: One of the largest and most well-known private probation programs is The Private Probation Services company in Missouri. a. True b. False

Q: Day fees require probationers to pay for part of the cost of their treatment. a. True b. False

Q: The solution to the code of silence as proposed by Dr. Neal Trautman is __________.

Q: William Westley defined the situation in which police officers only trust other police officers and do not aid in the investigation of wrongdoing by other officers as the __________.

Q: According to Jerome Skolnick, the police officer's role contains two principal variables: danger and __________.

Q: In the case of United States v. Knights, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the warrantless search of a probationer's home for the purpose of gathering criminal information. a. True b. False

Q: Presentence investigations are not allowed to include information on age or race, as these demographics can create bias in sentencing. a. True b. False

Q: The__________ is the protective barrier established by the police by which they protect one another from outsiders, often even refusing to aid police superiors or other law enforcement officials in investigating wrongdoing of other officers.

Q: If a probationer violates his or her probation by committing another crime, this is referred to as a legal violation. a. True b. False

Q: Michael K. Brown says that the police subculture is based on three major principles: honor, loyalty, and __________.

Q: After growing significantly for three decades, there has been an actual decrease in the probation population during the past five years. a. True b. False

Q: A group of people with distinct sets of values, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs that differentiate them from the larger culture of which they are a part is called a(n) __________.

Q: John Howard was a leading reformer of probation in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: All of the following are examples of traits of the Police Personality except: a. Authoritarianism b. Suspicion c. Compassion d. Cynicism

Q: CASE 12.3 Robert Land is arrested for driving under the influence following a celebration of his brother's election as mayor of a small town in South Carolina. Robert has no prior arrests and is 24 years old. Given this information, answer the following questions: Because of Mr. Land's noncriminal past, it is likely his case could be an option for which process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceedings? a. Probation diversion b. An intake hearing c. A presentence investigation d. Habeas corpus

Q: In 1996, the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and the NYPD Patrolman's Benevolent Association (PBA), responding to the fact that 26 NYPD officers had committed suicide in the previous two years, created the ____________________ to address the problems of police stress and suicide. a. Law Enforcement Rehabilitation Center b. Law Enforcement Counseling program c. Police Organization Providing Peer Assistance (POPPA) program d. NYPD Cops for Cops program

Q: CASE 12.3 Robert Land is arrested for driving under the influence following a celebration of his brother's election as mayor of a small town in South Carolina. Robert has no prior arrests and is 24 years old. Given this information, answer the following questions: The prosecutor in Mr. Land's case asked the judge if Robert could be given which form of intermediate sanction that requires the convicted offender to spend a designated amount of time per week in his home to reduce temptations of drinking? a. Electronic supervision b. House arrest c. Community supervision d. Intensive supervision

Q: Some studies have indicated that police officers are ____________________ percent more likely to suffer from alcoholism than the average citizen. a. 25 b. 55 c. 75 d. 300

Q: CASE 12.3 Robert Land is arrested for driving under the influence following a celebration of his brother's election as mayor of a small town in South Carolina. Robert has no prior arrests and is 24 years old. Given this information, answer the following questions: Given Mr. Land's noncriminal past, the judge sentences Robert to nine months in jail but gives him which type of sentence upon completion of a substance abuse program and no further criminal activity? a. Retroactive b. Proactive c. Suspended d. Postconviction

Q: Researchers estimate that ____________________ percent of all police officers have alcohol problems. a. less than 5 b. 10 to 15 c. 20 to 30 d. over 50

Q: CASE 12.2 Gloria Karli, a secretary and single mother of three with no prior arrests, was arrested for larceny and vandalism when she stole $700 worth of jewelry from a coworker's house and slashed the coworker's tires in retaliation for comments made to Gloria's supervisor about missing work for unexcused reasons. Given this information, answer the following questions: Having failed on probation, Ms. Karli served the remainder of her sentence in jail. Her family argued that ___________________, a view that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state and brings all parties together to address the root of the problem would have been more effective. a. Community day reporting b. Residential community corrections c. Restorative justice d. Work release