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Q:
Which of the following is an example of the standards governing police ethics?
a. U.S. Constitution
b. Bill of Rights
c. Case law as determined by appellate courts and the U.S. Supreme Court
d. All of these choices
Q:
Which of the following is an example of the ethical standards established to determine how police officers should act?
a. organizational value systems or codes of ethics designed to educate and guide the behavior of those who work in the organization
b. the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics
c. an oath of office
d. all of these choices
Q:
Naltrexone is a drug commonly used in prisons to treat anxiety and anger/aggression issues.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Houses people convicted of serious crimes
b. A facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees
c. Mutual transfer of resources
d. Workers who provide programs and services
e. Power between national and state government
f. Method of applying scientific knowledge
g. One of the goals of corrections
h. Common goals influenced by the environment
i.Conforms to the rules of society
j.Manages accused or convicted offenders
Technology
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.a. Houses people convicted of serious crimesb. A facility authorized to hold pretrial detaineesc. Mutual transfer of resourcesd. Workers who provide programs and servicese. Power between national and state governmentf. Method of applying scientific knowledgeg. One of the goals of correctionsh. Common goals influenced by the environmenti.Conforms to the rules of societyj.Manages accused or convicted offendersJails
Q:
The Greek philosopher who wrote the classic Nicomachean Ethics was:
a. Aristotle.
b. Plato.
c. Socrates.
d. Onassis.
Q:
"Queens," inmates who dress and act like women, are respected even more than punks in the prison subculture because they choose their lifestyle.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Straight inmates are more likely to respect "true" homosexual inmates, because their lifestyle was homosexual before entering prison.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Houses people convicted of serious crimes
b. A facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees
c. Mutual transfer of resources
d. Workers who provide programs and services
e. Power between national and state government
f. Method of applying scientific knowledge
g. One of the goals of corrections
h. Common goals influenced by the environment
i.Conforms to the rules of society
j.Manages accused or convicted offenders
Prison
Q:
It is estimated that about half of all female inmates are members of make-believe families.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Houses people convicted of serious crimes
b. A facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees
c. Mutual transfer of resources
d. Workers who provide programs and services
e. Power between national and state government
f. Method of applying scientific knowledge
g. One of the goals of corrections
h. Common goals influenced by the environment
i.Conforms to the rules of society
j.Manages accused or convicted offenders
Social control
Q:
Excessive force is a common reason for suing police officers.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Lautenberg Act prohibits anyone convicted of a misdemeanor domestic violence offense from owning or using a firearm.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Police administrators will tell you that honesty is the most crucial trait in a police applicant and police officer.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The rigid, anti-authority inmate social code found in many male institutions does not exist in female institutions.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Houses people convicted of serious crimes
b. A facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees
c. Mutual transfer of resources
d. Workers who provide programs and services
e. Power between national and state government
f. Method of applying scientific knowledge
g. One of the goals of corrections
h. Common goals influenced by the environment
i.Conforms to the rules of society
j.Manages accused or convicted offenders
Corrections
Q:
Federal suits against police officers are known as 1983 suits, because they are based on Section 1983 of Title 42 of the U.S. Code (Civil Action for Deprivation of Civil Rights).
a. True
b. False
Q:
Unlike their male counterparts, female inmates are more likely to be middle-aged, white, and married, with some education.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Houses people convicted of serious crimes
b. A facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees
c. Mutual transfer of resources
d. Workers who provide programs and services
e. Power between national and state government
f. Method of applying scientific knowledge
g. One of the goals of corrections
h. Common goals influenced by the environment
i.Conforms to the rules of society
j.Manages accused or convicted offenders
Exchange
Q:
Historically, white women were treated much differently than African American women, with African American women being placed in male prisons and forced to work on chain gangs.
a. True
b. False
Q:
___________________ are public service workers who interact directly with citizens in the course of their work, granting access to government programs and providing services with them.
a. Street-focused diplomats
b. Sidewalk aristocrats
c. Social entrepreneurs
d. Street-level bureaucrats
Q:
Today, many major cities have some type of citizen oversight to assist in the investigation of alleged police misconduct.
a. True
b. False
Q:
_____________________ is a system of government in which power and responsibility are divided between a national government and state governments.
a. Socialism
b. Monarchy
c. Federalism
d. Oligarchy
Q:
Police civil liability means that a police officer may be sued under civil law concepts such as negligence and torts.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Before 1960, few women were in prison and women's prisons were relatively rare.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Police officers are allowed to use the level of force necessary to counter a suspect's resistance and get the suspect to comply with a lawful order.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Most correctional offenders today are housed in which types of facilities?
a. federal prisons
b. state prisons
c. private prisons
d. county jails
Q:
"Punks," refers to the troublemaker inmates who cause problems for elder inmates by failing to follow the inmate code.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Sex offenders find it difficult to adjust to prison because of the dislike by guards and inmates.
a. True
b. False
Q:
According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the key issues facing corrections today?
a. obtaining funding
b. correctional uncertainty
c. goal conflict
d. carrying out punishments
Q:
Police officers who are assigned to internal affairs divisions are highly respected by other police officers in a department.
a. True
b. False
Q:
During the past twenty-five years, the number of secure correctional facilities increased threefold.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Corrections is a means of social:
a. balance.
b. engineering.
c. enslavement.
d. control.
Q:
The number of Department of Justice investigations into civil rights issues in police and sheriffs' departments has dramatically declined in recent years.
a. True
b. False
Q:
CASE 14.3
A South Carolina inmate serving a twenty-five-year sentence for second-degree murder was recently diagnosed as HIV-positive. He had argued for years that he should be tested and believed the correctional facility did very little to accommodate this request. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Following the above decision, the inmate's lawyer cited the case of Hope v. Pelzer, which ruled that:
a. Improper medical care constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.
b. Correctional officials who knowingly violate an inmate's Eighth Amendment rights can be held liable for damages.
c. Inmates who have their Eighth Amendment rights violated should be immediately released or have their sentence reduced.
d. Prisoners should be given special privileges if they are diagnosed with or contract a disease that is detrimental to the health of the prison population.
Q:
A(n) _________________ is a complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose operations are directed toward common goals and influenced by the environment in which they function.
a. structure
b. system
c. monopoly
d. enterprise
Q:
Federal law enforcement agents rarely succumb to the temptation of corruption or misconduct.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Officers known as "meat-eaters" take small bribes or relatively minor services offered by citizens seeking to avoid arrest or to get special police services.
a. True
b. False
Q:
CASE 14.3
A South Carolina inmate serving a twenty-five-year sentence for second-degree murder was recently diagnosed as HIV-positive. He had argued for years that he should be tested and believed the correctional facility did very little to accommodate this request. Given this information, answer the following questions.
The inmate sued the correctional facility and won, using which case, in which the Supreme Court mandated an inmate's right to have medical care.
a. Henry v. Knappford
b. Estelle v. Gamble
c. Hudson v. McMillian
d. Kemp v. Eithier
Q:
According to the text, every aspect of the corrections field raises questions that concern deeply held values about:
a. money.
b. politics.
c. social relations.
d. punishment.
Q:
The Knapp Commission's investigation failed to recognize police corruption in New York City.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Interdependence between staff and offenders is considered a(n) ______________ relationship:
a. informal enforcement
b. exchange
c. security
d. screening
Q:
CASE 14.3
A South Carolina inmate serving a twenty-five-year sentence for second-degree murder was recently diagnosed as HIV-positive. He had argued for years that he should be tested and believed the correctional facility did very little to accommodate this request. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Using the argument that the correctional facility's denial of his right to be tested for HIV constituted cruel and unusual punishment, which Amendment did the inmate use as a basis for a lawsuit?
a. First Amendment
b. Fourth Amendment
c. Seventh Amendment
d. Eighth Amendment
Q:
Organizations develop __________to keep operating with inmates having regular and predictable responses to the staff.a. routinesb. policiesc. proceduresd. all of these
Q:
CASE 14.2
Three inmates, all African Americans, have felt segregated from the rest of the prison and have felt that their privileges for recreation, meals, and religious practices have been ignored. Given this information, answer the following questions.
The three men, all Muslims, felt that the prison should allow for a separate area for them to practice their religion. The federal court denied their request based on the Court decision in which case?
a. Seville v. Thomas
b. O"Lone v. Estate of Shabazz
c. Simpson v. Minnesota Correctional Facilities
d. Porter v. Nussle
Q:
Herman Goldstein has defined police corruption as "acts involving the misuse of authority by a police officer in a manner designed to produce personal gain for himself or others."
a. True
b. False
Q:
Polls asking respondents to rate the honesty and ethical standards of various occupations usually show that police receive a very negative rating.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The effectiveness of correctional strategies is:
a. temporary.
b. uncertain.
c. unlikely.
d. predictable.
Q:
CASE 14.2
Three inmates, all African Americans, have felt segregated from the rest of the prison and have felt that their privileges for recreation, meals, and religious practices have been ignored. Given this information, answer the following questions.
After exhausting all of their internal complaints to prison officials, the three men sued for violation of their rights using which well-known federal device?
a. Carter-Justice Act, 78 U.S.C. 1977
b. Federal Lautenberg Act
c. Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C. 1963
d. Ashurst"Sumners Act
Q:
The police subculture often works against the ethical precepts of police departments.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A common concern shared by both liberal and conservative politicians is that:
a. probation efforts must increase.
b. crime rates have increased, thus more prisons are needed.
c. punishment does not work.
d. the cost of corrections is out of line.
Q:
CASE 14.2
Three inmates, all African Americans, have felt segregated from the rest of the prison and have felt that their privileges for recreation, meals, and religious practices have been ignored. Given this information, answer the following questions.
The prison in which the three men in question have been housed for years has been allowed to operate under a policy that allows prison administration a free hand in running the institution even if it violates the inmate's rights. This is called the ___________________.
a. Free-hand policy
b. Blind-eye doctrine
c. Hands-off doctrine
d. Preview policy
Q:
The interdependence of people in corrections makes the concept of ______________ important to understanding their daily world.
a. exchange
b. values
c. punishment
d. treatment
Q:
CASE 14.1
Jason Fitch, a 35-year-old white male, is arrested in his home for domestic battery, aggravated assault on a police officer, and possession of heroin following an incident in which neighbors called the police after hearing an argument. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Given the seriousness of his crime, yet having no prior convictions, Mr. Fitch was recognized as being an excellent candidate for which form of parole characterized by smaller caseloads and mandatory drug testing?
a. Intensive supervision parole
b. Exhaustive parole
c. Day reporting
d. Arduous allotment parole
Q:
Explain the benefits of private prisons.
Q:
The most controversial method of ending job discrimination is the concept of affirmative action. How has affirmative action affected the police force? Do you agree with affirmative action? Do affirmative action plans and quotas lead to reverse discrimination? Use scenarios to support your answers.
Q:
Detail the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) and explain its impact on how police departments handle female officers who are pregnant.
Q:
According to the authors, __________is a method of applying scientific knowledge to practical purposes in a particular field.a. technologyb. languagec. politicsd. persuasion
Q:
Explain some of the difficulties in running a super-maximum-security prison.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the "Big 4" states in corrections?
a. Texas
b. California
c. Florida
d. Pennsylvania
Q:
Compare and contrast traditional jails with new-generation jail designs.
Q:
Discuss the problems women and other minorities still face in policing.
Q:
Your authors divide some of the controversies, issues, and themes that arise in the study of corrections into three main areas: upholding social values, ________________, and ____________________.
a. managing the correctional organization and portraying a strong public image
b. working with offenders and interpreting U.S. Supreme Court rulings
c. managing the correctional organization and working with offenders
d. portraying a strong public image and interpreting U.S. Supreme Court rulings
Q:
How have affirmative action policies affected white males in hiring and promotional policies?
Q:
Approximately__________ of all people under correctional supervision are living in the community on probation or parole.a. one-fifthb. one-halfc. one-thirdd. two-thirds
Q:
Compare and contrast the two primary views on corrections (e.g., that jails and prisons are therapeutic environments for treating offenders and that they segregate offenders from society as well as deter potential offenders).
Q:
Discuss the population trends associated with prisons, and provide two examples from the chapter about how states have been dealing with overpopulation.
Q:
How effective are women as patrol officers as compared to their male counterparts?
Q:
How have police standards and testing procedures changed in recent years to enable more women and minorities to enter policing?
Q:
According to the authors, which system of government divides power between one national government and multiple state governments?
a. federalism
b. democracy
c. communism
d. capitalism
Q:
Compare and contrast the primary alternative correctional institutions discussed in the text.
Q:
Describe the role the federal government played in removing equal employment opportunity barriers to women and minorities in policing.
Q:
As systems grow and mature, they become more:
a. familiar.
b. complex.
c. unusual.
d. simplistic.
Q:
Which important sociological scholar argued that criminals and their punishment are functional in society, and actually help to define norms and expectations for conformity?
a. Emile Durkheim
b. Cesare Beccaria
c. Travis Hirshchi
d. Cesare Lombroso
Q:
Explain what is meant by "new-generation jails."
Q:
Explain jail population trends in the United States. In your discussion, include the current state of jail conditions and how male and female inmates are affected differently.
Q:
Which of the following countries now has the highest incarceration rate in the world?a. the United Statesb. Russiac. South Africad. Japan
Q:
What percentage of our police departments today consists of women? African Americans? Hispanics? How do these numbers compare to earlier years?
Q:
According to the authors, corrections has a(n) __________relationship with its environment.a. reciprocalb. inversec. oppositionald. purposeful
Q:
Detail the case of Griggs v. Duke Power Company and explain the impact that this case has had on police hiring.