Q&A Hero

Q: With regard to the inmate code, an individual who uses the code as his personal behavior guide is known as a: a. Rat b. True con c. Right guy d. Rabbit

Q: Assimilation into the separate culture of prison is known as: a. Inmate social code b. Prisonization c. Inmate code d. Inmate induction

Q: The period known as the Enlightenment had what effect(s) on society? a. It brought a reaction against feudal society and the monopoly of religion. b. It stressed the notion of equality for all citizens. c. It was largely influenced by the growth of scientific thinking. d. all of the above

Q: Define police brutality and give several recent examples of it.

Q: The founder of the Classical School of Criminology was: a. Cesare Beccaria. b. John Howard. c. Cesare Lombroso. d. Jeremy Bentham.

Q: An unwritten code of behavior, passed from older inmates to younger ones, that serves as a guideline for appropriate inmate behavior is called: a. Inmate social code. b. Inmate subculture. c. Prisonization. d. Inmate cipher.

Q: Explain the areas that are the source for police civil liability.

Q: The Penitentiary Act was based upon core principles under which prisoners were confined in solitary cells and labored silently in common rooms and were subjected to: a. secure and sanitary conditions. b. nonsystematic inspections. c. income for their labor. d. corporal punishment for noncompliance.

Q: Which of the following is the loosely defined culture that pervades prisons and has its own norms, rules, and language? a. Inmate social code b. Inmate subculture c. Prisonization code d. Inmate cipher

Q: Detail several explanations of why police corruption exists.

Q: The practice of removing offenders from the community to another land was known as: a. benefit of clergy. b. galley slavery. c. wergild. d. transportation.

Q: Explain Edwin H. Sutherland's theory of differential association and how it relates to police corruption.

Q: The belief that a punishment inflicted on an offender must achieve enough good to outweigh the pain inflicted is called: a. utilitarianism. b. positivism. c. the Enlightenment. d. wergild.

Q: Inmates who may not be able to defend themselves and are often beaten or raped are known as: a. Rats. b. Punks. c. Crow. d. Rollie.

Q: One of the most detailed characterizations of prison life was delivered by inmate-turned-author James A. Paluch, Jr., who referred to prisons as: a. Death traps. b. Cold coffins. c. Cesspools. d. Double victimization.

Q: Define police corruption and give several examples of it.

Q: Jeremy Bentham's classic prison design known as the ______________ called for a circular building with a glass roof and cells on each story and around the circumference of the penitentiary so that the inmates could be viewed at all times to ensure they were abiding by prison rules. a. Trivium b. Octagon c. Panopticon d. Hexagon

Q: Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles? a. Punishment should correspond in degree and kind to the offense. b. An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth is legal punishment. c. Punishment needs to be proportionate. d. all of the above

Q: A 1996 federal law (18 U.S.C. 925), widely referred to as the __________Act, prohibits anyone convicted of a misdemeanor domestic violence offense from owning or using a firearm.

Q: Before inmates are sent to prison, they must first go through a battery of psychological and personality tests in a process known as: a. Cataloging. b. Divisional placement. c. Correctional clutching. d. Classification.

Q: Which of the following is a correctional policy that stipulates that prisons are meant to punish, not coddle, inmates? a. No frills policy b. Hard-hitting corrections c. Robust rehabilitation d. Stringent sentencing

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court decision in __________requires prosecutors to notify defense attorneys whenever an officer involved in their case has a record of knowingly lying in an official capacity.

Q: By the 1900s, punishments were carried out under the supervision of: a. the governor. b. the king. c. correctional staff. d. the victim.

Q: The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders is commonly referred to as the __________Commission.

Q: The invention of the penitentiary occurred due in large part because of: a. the influence of the Enlightenment thinkers and activists. b. a response to negative social conditions and their influence on the rise of crime. c. he growth of the surplus labor due to the Industrial Revolution. d. all of these.

Q: Which of the following is a type of regimented, dehumanizing institution, in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation, cut off from the world at large? a. Total institution b. Complete prison c. Extensive incapacitation d. Inclusive institute

Q: Although most prisons are classified as medium-security prisons, more than half of all inmates are held in ____________________ institutions. a. Minimum-security b. Maximum-security c. Super-maximum-security d. Drug rehabilitation

Q: The National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement is more popularly known as the __________ Commission.

Q: In the 1990s, the __________found some serious corruption among patrol officers in high-crime areas of New York City.

Q: Political liberals and __________encouraged reform of the prison system during the Enlightenment period.a. conservativesb. religious groupsc. independentsd. wealthy businessmen

Q: Investigations in which investigators provide opportunities for officers to commit illegal acts are called __________ or __________.

Q: Jeremy Bentham argued that effective punishments prevent__________ in the future.a. premeditated behaviorb. positive behaviorc. similar behaviord. coerced behavior

Q: Explain why inmates are at a great risk of spreading HIV to other inmates.

Q: The following is an example of corporal punishment: a. forgiveness. b. whipping. c. imprisonment. d. religious education.

Q: Explain how individual and group counseling, faith-based programs, and drug treatment have helped rehabilitate some inmates.

Q: The purpose of punishment as a public spectacle was: a. immediate deterrence. b. specific deterrence. c. exhibition of the sovereign's power. d. both crime control and exhibition of the sovereign's power.

Q: Explain who is most at risk of being sexually assaulted in prison. Also, explain some of the structural details of the prison design itself that may be conducive to victimization.

Q: Explain some of the problems in documenting incidents of prison rape.

Q: Units within police departments that "police the police" are called __________.

Q: The founder of the Classical School of Criminology is Cesare Beccaria, who applied the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system. a. True b. False

Q: The most notable commission established to investigate allegations of police corruption was the __________ Commission in New York City in 1970.

Q: __________ is the process by which the actions of the police in such areas as arrests, search and seizure, and custodial interrogation are reviewed by the court system to ensure their constitutionality.

Q: Until the late Middle Ages, prisons were used primarily for the detention of people awaiting trial. a. True b. False

Q: Compare and contrast the prison experience for male and female inmates.

Q: Banishment can best be described as punishment inflicted on the offender's body with whips and other devices that cause physical pain and scarring. a. True b. False

Q: Explain some of the hazards a new inmate may experience going into prison for the first time. What are some coping strategies an inmate might look to in order to survive?

Q: Discuss the problems with "leaving prison" and "reentry" into society. In your discussion, include why people fail on parole.

Q: __________ is concerned with the study of what constitutes right and wrong behavior in certain situations.

Q: __________ are the rather broad moral principles that govern all conduct.

Q: Jeremy Bentham was the one-time high sheriff of Bedfordshire, England, who helped spur changes that resulted in the development of the penitentiary during the late 1700s. a. True b. False

Q: Like other social institutions, corrections reflects the vision and concern of the larger community. a. True b. False

Q: __________ is defined as the study of what constitutes good or bad conduct.

Q: Shaming is a new punishment idea that was first used during the early 1900s in both Europe and the United States. a. True b. False

Q: Discuss changes in prisoner's rights over the past 60 years. In your discussion, address key terms such as the hands-off doctrine and substantive rights.

Q: Define correctional rehabilitation, and address the main programs discussed in the text.

Q: Officers may be subject to federal liability under the following: a. U.S. Code Title 42 Section 1199. b. U.S. Code Title 42 Section 1983. c. U.S. Code Title 42 Section 2315. d. U.S. Code Title 42 Section 1700.

Q: According to Rolando v. del Carmen a major source of police legal liability is all of the following except: a. moral liabilities. b. civil liabilities. c. criminal liabilities. d. administrative liabilities.

Q: Public opinion about punishment has remained static over the last 200 years. a. True b. False

Q: What commission was formed to investigate New York City police corruption in the 1990s? a. Knapp Commission b. Mollen Commission c. Wickersham Commission d. Watson Commission

Q: List and describe the three main theoretical examples provided for collective violence in prison, and provide an example for each.

Q: Differentiate between individual violence and collective violence. Which has been more problematic to prison safety?

Q: Another name for the medieval practice of banishment is "relocation." a. True b. False

Q: Discuss what is meant by the "inmate social code" and what factors have changed in the past fifty years that has created a "new inmate culture" in many state and federal penitentiaries?

Q: One of the major reasons England and Europe resorted to sending offenders to the "New World" was that their prisons and houses of corrections were overcrowded. a. True b. False

Q: The code of silence is often referred to as the blue curtain or: a. red curtain. b. blue shop. c. blue veil. d. blue sky.

Q: The period known as "the Enlightenment" brought about new ideas based on rationalization, the importance of individuals, and the limitations of government. a. True b. False

Q: In the case of ____________________, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that to be liable, police departments must be deliberately indifferent to the needs of the people with whom police come in contact. a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Terry v. Ohio c. Lawrence v. Texas d. Canton v. Harris

Q: Best known for his utilitarian theories, including his creation of the phrase of "hedonic calculus," Jeremy Bentham was a leading social scholar and philosopher of his time. a. True b. False

Q: Discuss the problems associated with adult correctional system. In your discussion, examine the growth of the prison population, the forms of incarceration used, and where most prisoners are housed.

Q: Any police-initiated activity that relies on a person's race or ethnic background as a basis for suspicion in involvement in criminal activity is called: a. noble cause policing. b. situational stereotype policing. c. biased-based policing. d. dispositional policing.

Q: A _________________ is a correctional policy that allows inmates to leave the institution for educational training, work, or family commitments.

Q: In England by the year 1200, a system of wergild, or payment of money as compensation, had developed as a way for the king to collect additional resources from the citizens. a. True b. False

Q: Under the law of retaliation, lex talionis, vengeance was a duty to be carried out by the person wronged or by a family member of the victim. a. True b. False

Q: __________________ is a prison program that allows inmates to leave during the day to work in the community then return to prison at night.

Q: What stems from ends-oriented policing and involves police officers bending the rules to achieve the "right" goal of putting a criminal in jail? a. "rotten apple" corruption b. biased-based policing c. police deception d. noble cause corruption

Q: Major efforts began by the start of the 19th century in both Europe and the United States to devise a more severe penal sanction that focused completely on the body, rather than the mind of the offender. a. True b. False

Q: _________________ programs have been developed to help inmates cope with their violent behavioral urges and tendencies.

Q: Officers who participate in more aggressive types of corruption by seeking out and taking advantage of opportunities for corruption are called: a. meat-eaters. b. grass-eaters. c. dirt-eaters. d. tree-eaters.

Q: In female prisons, it is not uncommon for the inmates to create their own ___________________, or groups containing masculine and feminine figures such as fathers, mothers, and sibling children.

Q: Police officers who participate in more passive types of police corruption are referred to as: a. meat-eaters. b. grass-eaters. c. dirt-eaters. d. bug-eaters.