Q&A Hero

Q: __________________ were a sixteenth-century English set of laws by which vagrants and abandoned and neglected children were bound to masters as indentured servants. a. Chancery laws b. Child-saver laws c. Poor laws d. Vagrant laws

Q: Predictive policing involves linking data and clues to potential suspects or victims by identify at-risk groups, individuals, and locations. a. True b. False

Q: Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain b. Law of civil society c. Forced rowing d. Detention facility e. Pleasure over pain f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court g. Retaliation h. Age of Reason i. A form of banishment j. Free will and severe punishment House of corrections

Q: Which is the Latin term meaning "father of his country," which is implied to mean that the government is the true guardian of the needy and infirmed children? a. Provisore cura b. Pater inquilinis c. Parens patriae d. Phylaca claustra

Q: Decoy operations involve using occupied vehicles in strategic locations to give the perception of omnipresence. a. True b. False

Q: CASE 14.1 Jason Fitch, a 35-year-old white male, is arrested in his home for domestic battery, aggravated assault on a police officer, and possession of heroin following an incident in which neighbors called the police after hearing an argument. Given this information, answer the following questions. Following eight months in a minimum-security prison, Mr. Fitch was given a _________________ so that he could attend a community college and further his education. a. Work release b. Furlough c. Educational pass d. Schooling clearance

Q: Police officers are never allowed to use potentially deadly force (e.g., ramming a vehicle) to end a high-speed chase of a suspect, even if the suspect's actions risk the safety of other drivers and pedestrians. a. True b. False

Q: Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain b. Law of civil society c. Forced rowing d. Detention facility e. Pleasure over pain f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court g. Retaliation h. Age of Reason i. A form of banishment j. Free will and severe punishment Galley slavery

Q: CASE 14.1 Jason Fitch, a 35-year-old white male, is arrested in his home for domestic battery, aggravated assault on a police officer, and possession of heroin following an incident in which neighbors called the police after hearing an argument. Given this information, answer the following questions. Given the likelihood of a dependence upon heroin, Mr. Fitch was placed in drug treatment programs as well, one in which he was given which of the following drugs, which helps substitute for heroin and eventually will help him get off of the drug. a. Zofran b. Cymbalta c. Methadone d. Zovirax

Q: According to research, red-light cameras that target traffic violators seem to reduce the occurrence of traffic violations at that location. a. True b. False

Q: Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.a. Punishment to a body inflicting painb. Law of civil societyc. Forced rowingd. Detention facilitye. Pleasure over painf. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical courtg. Retaliationh. Age of Reasoni. A form of banishmentj. Free will and severe punishmentEnlightenment

Q: Typically, the larger urban departments such as New York; Chicago, Washington; D.C.; and Los Angeles have deployed two-officer cars, and most suburban and rural departments prefer one-officer cars. a. True b. False

Q: Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain b. Law of civil society c. Forced rowing d. Detention facility e. Pleasure over pain f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court g. Retaliation h. Age of Reason i. A form of banishment j. Free will and severe punishment Corporal punishment

Q: CASE 14.1Jason Fitch, a 35-year-old white male, is arrested in his home for domestic battery, aggravated assault on a police officer, and possession of heroin following an incident in which neighbors called the police after hearing an argument. Given this information, answer the following questions.In evaluating Mr. Fitch's case file, correctional caseworkers decide that Jason needs help working on his aggressive tendencies and his expression of these feelings. Most likely Mr. Fitch would be placed in:a. Drug rehabilitation counseling.b. An anger management course.c. Individual faith-based counseling.d. Intensive supervision counseling.

Q: Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain b. Law of civil society c. Forced rowing d. Detention facility e. Pleasure over pain f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court g. Retaliation h. Age of Reason i. A form of banishment j. Free will and severe punishment Classical criminology

Q: Which of the following are substantive rights? a. Access to the courts, legal service, and materials b. Freedom of the press c. Freedom of religion d. All of these are substantive rights

Q: Police departments are restricting the use of pursuits and using alternative methods to catch the individuals who attempt to elude police officers. a. True b. False

Q: According to which theory does rioting and other forms of collective violence occur in response to poor quality management styles? a. Administrative-control theory b. Inmate-balance theory c. Prison overcrowding theory d. Inmate deterrence perspective

Q: Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain b. Law of civil society c. Forced rowing d. Detention facility e. Pleasure over pain f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court g. Retaliation h. Age of Reason i. A form of banishment j. Free will and severe punishment Benefit of clergy

Q: The Newark foot patrol study concluded that foot patrols do not make citizens feel safer. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following was NOT a medieval form of capital punishment? a. flayed alive b. broken on the wheel c. the rack d. fed to lions

Q: A specific type of saturation patrol is a crackdown, which generally targets a specific violation of the law, such as a traffic violation. a. True b. False

Q: According to which theory does rioting and other forms of collective violence occur in response to crowded conditions? a. Administrative-control theory b. Inmate-balance theory c. Prison overcrowding theory d. Inmate deterrence perspective

Q: According to which theory do rioting and other forms of collective violence occur when prison officials make abrupt efforts to take control of the prison and limit freedoms? a. Administrative-control theory b. Inmate-balance theory c. Prison overcrowding theory d. Inmate deterrence perspective

Q: Rapid response to 911 calls works better in discovery crimes than in involvement crimes. a. True b. False

Q: A house of _________________________ was a detention facility that combined the major elements of a workhouse, poorhouse, and penal industry by both disciplining the inmates and setting them to work. a. solitude b. correction c. penance d. redemption

Q: Which of the following offender types were not considered to comprise a large portion of those who were sentenced to early English Bridewell houses? a. orphans b. the poor c. prostitutes d. violent repeat offenders

Q: Under the new inmate culture, which ethnic groups tend to be the most cohesive? a. African American and White b. African American and Latino c. Latino and White d. There isn"t much cohesion in terms of race.

Q: Research during the past 20 years has pointed out that we can depend on television portrayals for realistic examples of police work. a. True b. False

Q: The Kansas City study indicated that our traditional three cornerstones of policing might not be the most effective way to do police work. a. True b. False

Q: ________________ was an English prison reformer whose research and writing led to the passage of the Penitentiary Act of 1779 by the House of Commons. a. Franklin Shepard b. Jeremy Bentham c. Michael Rourke d. John Howard

Q: Which of the following is not an element of the inmate code? a. Don"t interfere with inmates' interests. b. Don"t lose your head. c. Don"t talk to the guards. d. Be tough and don"t lose your dignity.

Q: Studies show that intensive supervision parole programs have produced: a. Overwhelmingly positive results. b. Generally negative results. c. Positive results for females but not males. d. Mixed results.

Q: _________________ were abandoned ships that the English converted to hold convicts during a period of prison crowding between 1776 and 1790. a. Hulks b. Galleys c. Cells d. Workships

Q: At the conclusion of the Kansas City study, everyone in the community knew that an experiment regarding policing had been conducted in his or her community. a. True b. False

Q: Which form of parole is characterized by smaller caseloads and closer surveillance and may include frequent drug testing and electronic monitoring? a. Intensive supervision parole b. Rigorous supervision c. Substantive supervision parole d. Individual-based parole

Q: The Kansas City study demonstrated that adding or taking away police patrols from an area made no difference within the community. a. True b. False

Q: The emphasis of the ________________ on the importance of hard work and on the sinfulness of sloth sparked European reformers to urge that some means be used to provide work for the idle poor. a. Jewish Restoration b. Protestant Reformation c. Catholic Crusades d. Spanish Inquisition

Q: When overcrowding becomes a violation of the Eighth Amendment rights of prisoners, the Supreme Court can rule that states must release prisoners, as they did with 30,000 inmates in 2011 in which state? a. California b. Texas c. New York d. Florida

Q: Data on what occurs when an officer encounters a citizen when the officer is either on an assignment from the dispatcher or on self-initiated activitiescan best be retrieved from researcher observations. a. True b. False

Q: The __________was born out of concern for the sinfulness of sloth.a. wergildb. workhousec. penitentiaryd. bridewell

Q: Which of the following is the landmark 2002 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that correctional officials who knowingly violate the Eighth Amendment rights of inmates can be held liable for damages? a. Shabazz v. McMillian b. Artz v. Harvey c. Hope v. Pelzer d. Briggs v. Hawley

Q: It is impossible to conduct a controlled experiment to study the effectiveness of certain types of police patrol. a. True b. False

Q: Benefit of clergy was extended to: a. all men deemed worthy by the kind. b. all wealthy aristocrats of the realm. c. monks and nuns only. d. all literate persons.

Q: Arerandompatrol, rapid response to citizens' calls to 911, and retroactiveinvestigationsof past crimes - the cornerstones of traditional police work - truly the most effective ways for the police to safeguard our communities? Explain your answer.

Q: The law of the civil society as distinguished from church law is known as: a. natural law b. lex talionis. c. secular law. d. benefit of clergy.

Q: The most important provision of which 1996 act was the requirement of prisoners to exhaust all internal administrative grievance procedures before they can file a civil rights case in federal court? a. Prison Litigation Reform Act b. Prisoner Rights Act c. Civil Liberties Reform Act d. Percy Amendment

Q: In which 1964 case did the Supreme Court rule that inmates who were being denied the right to practice religion were entitled to legal redress? a. Cooper v. Pate b. Henry v. Erbacher c. Shotinstein v. Breckingridge d. O"Lone v. Sancomb

Q: Discuss the advent of police paramilitary units (PPUs) and their effect on police work and the public perception of police.

Q: In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court uphold Alabama's refusal to hire female correctional officers at male institutions on the grounds that it would put them in significant danger? a. Myers v. Lee b. Fairchild v. Livingston c. Dothard v. Rawlinson d. Kapchuk v. Orsagos

Q: The dominant social institution during the Middle Ages in England and Europe was: a. the king. b. the sheriff. c. the penitentiary. d. the church.

Q: Wergild developed as a: a. barter system. b. method for the king to bring his subjects directly under his rule. c. method of treating private wrongs as public crimes. d. system of compensation for private wrongs committed against another.

Q: Discuss the issues involved in deploying one-officer patrol cars versus two-officer patrol cars.

Q: __________ was a leader of correctional reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment.a. Jeremy Benthamb. John Howardc. Cesare Beccariad. Sir Walter Crofton

Q: Discuss some of the issues that should be examined when deciding how to schedule personnel in road patrol.

Q: Rehabilitation programs drastically changed after the 1970s release of the Martinson Report, which stated that in regard to rehabilitation programs: a. "We need change." b. "Nothing works." c. "They"re a complete success." d. "Corruption is rampant."

Q: Explain what the research says about police pursuits and how law enforcement is responding to this information.

Q: Federal legislation that allowed prison-made goods to be sold across state lines if the projects complied with strict rules, such as preventing undercutting the existing structure, was called the: a. Federal Lautenberg Act. b. Free Enterprise Act. c. Percy Amendment. d. Hiro Amendment.

Q: The federal prison industries are more widely known as: a. UNICEF. b. UNICOR. c. UFPIP. d. NEXTOR.

Q: The response to crime was viewed as essentially a private affair prior to the __________century.a. 13thb. 17thc. 16thd. 19th

Q: According to the text, certain types of legal sanctions, in the form we are familiar with today, emerged during the: a. 1700s. b. 1200s. c. 1500s. d. 1800s.

Q: Explain how directed patrol differs from the traditional random patrol.

Q: Which type of program uses a psychosocial, experiential learning process that relies on positive peer pressure within a highly structured social environment? a. Drug resistance education programs b. Therapeutic communities c. Remedial drug communities d. Medicinal communities

Q: As a social institution, corrections reflects the vision and concerns of the: a. government. b. larger community. c. warden and administrators. d. sentencing judges.

Q: Identify and describe some alternative responses to crime that law enforcement can use rather than rapid response to calls.

Q: What is biased-based policing, also known as racial profiling? Describe a scenario in which racial profiling would affect the outcome of an arrest. What can officers do to avoid racial profiling?

Q: The first faith-based prison was established in which state in 2003? a. Tennessee b. Vermont c. Florida d. Kentucky

Q: During the Enlightenment, advances in scientific thinking led to an inquisitive attitude that emphasized all of the following ideas except for: a. observation. b. experimentation. c. technological development d. intervention.

Q: Which of the following is not one of the top three reasons institutions experience high rates of sexual coercion? a. Lenient security b. Barrack-style housing c. Direct-style pod housing d. Large prison populations

Q: How was the existing system of justice altered during the Enlightenment? a. People reconsidered the administration of law and redefined corrections. b. During this period the classical school of criminology emerged, with its insistence on a rational link between the gravity of the crime and the severity of the punishment. c. The social contract and utilitarianism emphasized limitations on the government and the need to erect a system of punishments so that people would be deterred from crime. d. all of above

Q: Explain the different types of police misconduct review systems.

Q: What is the Dirty Harry problem? Give several examples.

Q: Explain the slippery slope theory and how it relates to gratuities.

Q: According to statistics released in 2012 of inmates recently discharged from prison, what proportion of inmates had been sexually victimized by a guard or inmate? a. 1 in 10 b. 3 in 10 c. 5 in 10 d. 8 in 10

Q: The term wergild focuses on which of the following? a. rehabilitation for offenders b. money paid to relatives or victims of a crime c. educational programs d. vocational programs

Q: A common practice found often in female prisons but not as often in male prisons is the process of self-mutilation known as: a. Cutting. b. Carving. c. Sculpting. d. Slicing.

Q: For the purpose of deterrence of future criminal acts, which principle(s) did Cesare Beccaria believe were most valuable for carrying out a punishment? a. severity b. swiftness c. certainty d. both swiftness and certainty

Q: Explain biased-based policing.

Q: What forms can police misconduct take aside from corruption and brutality? Provide some examples.

Q: The Enlightenment proposed which of the following ideas for correctional reform? a. a rewriting of penal codes to increase the severity of criminal sanctions b. a greater belief in the application of pain as a specific and general deterrent c. the invention of the penitentiary, where prisoners could be isolated from the temptations of the outside world d. an increase in the number of criminal laws and, as a result, a growth in the numbers and types of prisoners