Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Counseling
Q:
The states of New York and Connecticut modeled a distracted driver campaign after the "Click It or Ticket" seat belt campaign. The slogan for the distracted driver campaign was:
a. "Text TodayJail Tomorrow"
b. "TWD = Ticket"
c. "Phone in one hand. Ticket in the other."
d. "DrivePull overText"
Q:
Who coined the term omnipresence?
a. James J. Fyfe
b. O. W. Wilson
c. Patrick V. Murphy
d. James Q. Murphy
Q:
Which Amendment prohibits the death penalty for persons under the age of 18 years?
a. Fourth
b. Fifth
c. Eighth
d. Eighteenth
Q:
Which landmark U.S. Supreme Court case extended Miranda Warning protection to juveniles?
a. Kent v. United States (1966)
b. Breed v. Jones (1975)
c. Fare v. Michael C (1979)
d. In re Gault (1967)
Q:
Between 1790 and 1830, the population in urban America:
a. sharply declined.
b. sharply increased.
c. remained unchanged.
d. none of the above.
Q:
With the rise of the medical model, the emphasis in corrections shifted to:
a. vocational programs for criminals.
b. educational programs for offenders.
c. the treatment and diagnosis of criminals.
d. work release programs for criminals.
Q:
One of the authors of the classic text Police Administration was:
a. George Herman Ruth
b. Patrick V. Murphy
c. O. W. Wilson
d. James Q. Wilson
Q:
In 2003, nearly all police departments had pursuit policies, and ____________________ percent of local police agencies had restrictive pursuit policies.
a. 12
b. 16
c. 37
d. 61
Q:
Which landmark U.S. Supreme Court case held that juveniles have the same right to due process at trial as adults?
a. Kent v. United States (1966)
b. Breed v. Jones (1975)
c. Fare v. Michael C (1979)
d. In re Gault (1967)
Q:
The first institution to embody the principles of the Cincinnati Prison Congress was:
a. Sing Sing Prison.
b. Auburn State Penitentiary
c. Elmira Reformatory.
d. Cincinnati City Prison.
Q:
A balanced, highly structured, comprehensive continuum of intervention for serious and violent juvenile offenders returning to the community is known as a(n):
a. Intensive aftercare program.
b. Intensive juvenile probation supervision.
c. Jasper Aftercare Program.
d. Deinstitutionalization programs.
Q:
According to the California Highway Patrol study, the most prevalent reason drivers fail to stop during a high-speed pursuit is:
a. the driver is in a stolen vehicle
b. the driver wants to avoid a DWI or drug arrest
c. the driver wants to avoid a traffic ticket
d. the driver is afraid of or dislikes the police or enjoys the excitement of a chase
Q:
Which of the following involves treating offenders who would normally have been sent to a secure treatment facility as part of a very small probation caseload that receives almost daily scrutiny?
a. Juvenile intensive probation supervision
b. Juvenile treatment plans
c. Intensive juvenile dispositions
d. Juvenile parole
Q:
The "congregate" system of prison discipline was first instituted at the:
a. Walnut Street Jail.
b. Sing Sing Penitentiary.
c. Eastern Penitentiary.
d. Auburn Penitentiary.
Q:
The__________ was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each inmate was held in isolation from other inmates.a. congregate systemb. assemble systemc. separate confinement systemd. segregated confinement system
Q:
The police department's generalist is the:
a. detective
b. patrol officer
c. sergeant
d. chief
Q:
Many ideas that arose from the Enlightenment fostered the thinking that crime is caused by:
a. human nature.
b. forces in the environment.
c. biology.
d. sin.
Q:
Which of the following does not describe the typical police pursuit, as studied by the California Highway Patrol?
a. It occurs during the day.
b. It starts as a traffic violation.
c. It ends without an accident 70 percent of the time.
d. It covers only a mile or so.
Q:
The decision of a judge who orders an adjudicated and sentenced juvenile offender to be placed in a correctional facility.
a. commitment
b. condemnation
c. decree
d. adjudication verdict
Q:
The most important and visible part of police work to the public is/are ____________________.
a. detective operations
b. public appearances by the police chief
c. patrol
d. crime prevention
Q:
In your own opinion, should the United States look to incorporate punishments that they once used, but later outlawed to due to the cruel and harmful nature of such acts (e.g., corporal punishment, transportation)? Be sure to fully explain and defend your answer.
Q:
For juvenile offenders, the ____________________ is equivalent to the sentencing phase in an adult criminal case.
a. Preliminary hearing
b. Initial appearance
c. Disposition
d. Rendering
Q:
In the juvenile system, the initial appearance most likely resembles the which of the following in adult court?
a. Grand jury
b. Arraignment
c. Preliminary hearing
d. Trial phase
Q:
Who was John Howard and what significance did he have in regard to correctional reform? Be sure to list and explain his major accomplishments.
Q:
Shaming is not a new practice; in fact, it has been making a resurgence in the realm of punishment in certain arenas. Please provide early historical examples of shaming and discuss whether you think it is a useful tool of social control. Be sure to fully explain your answer. In your opinion, are there any possible negative outcomes of shaming?
Q:
Briefly summarize the social, political, and scientific ideas advocated during the Enlightenment and the lasting effect they had on correctional thinking and practices.
Q:
The term _____________________ was used to describe a house of correction that was first used during the 16th century in England.
Q:
________________________ was an early English correctional reformer who advocated for the utility of prison confinement to treat and reform criminals' thought processes that he deemed a "hedonistic calculus."
Q:
Agencies that cover a large geographical area, such as sheriff's departments and state patrols, utilize:
a. a take-home car program
b. person-owned vehicles (POVs)
c. fleet vehicles
d. preowned vehicles
Q:
The hearing in which a judge decides whether to waive a juvenile to criminal court is called a:
a. Transfer hearing.
b. Resettlement hearing.
c. Conveying hearing.
d. Judicial hearing.
Q:
Most departments utilize:
a. a take-home car program
b. person-owned vehicles (POVs)
c. fleet vehicles
d. preowned vehicles
Q:
_____________________ has been credited as being the founder of the Classical School of Criminology.
Q:
____________________ is/are the most expensive part of a police department's budget.
a. Fuel costs
b. Equipment
c. Personnel
d. Liability insurance
Q:
The period known as the ______________________ was a cultural movement in England and France during the 1700s, when concepts of liberalism, rationality, equality, and individualism dominated social and political thinking.
Q:
Which of the following is a type of waiver that, after a transfer hearing at which both prosecutor and defense attorney present evidence, a juvenile court judge may decide to waive jurisdiction and transfer the case to criminal court?
a. Direct file waiver
b. Judicial waiver
c. Blended sentencing waiver
d. Transfer waiver
Q:
__________________ refers to punishment inflicted on the offender's body with whips or other devices that cause pain.
Q:
A ____________________ system allows nonemergency calls to be redirected or referred to other agencies.
a. 311
b. 411
c. 511
d. 611
Q:
A practice in which the juvenile court relinquishes its jurisdiction over a juvenile and transfers the case to adult court is called:
a. Abdication.
b. Renunciation.
c. Adult disclaimer.
d. Waiver.
Q:
The landmark case of Schall v. Martin upheld the right of states to:
a. Detain a child before trial for his or her protection or public safety.
b. Remove abusive parents from delinquent youths' homes.
c. Waive juveniles to adult court for violent offenses.
d. Waive children as young as 16 years to adult court for certain offenses.
Q:
___________________ refers to the practice of transplanting offenders from the community to another region or land, often a penal colony.
Q:
Academic studies regarding response time indicate that:
a. citizens generally cannot or do not report crimes immediately
b. the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within two minutes of the call
c. the perpetrator will be caught if the police arrive within five minutes of the call
d. rapid response is most important in discovery crimes
Q:
The forced rowing of large ships as a form of early punishment was known as _______________.
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the basic components of response time?
a. time between the crime and the call to the police
b. time required for the police to process the call
c. travel time from receipt of the call to arrival at the scene
d. time it takes for the perpetrator to flee the scene
Q:
The temporary care of a child alleged to be a delinquent or status offender who requires secure custody, pending a court disposition is called:
a. Detention.
b. Custodial holding.
c. Juvenile confinement.
d. Juvenile holding.
Q:
The doctrine that the aim of all action should be the greatest balance of pleasure over pain and that a punishment inflicted on an offender must achieve enough good to outweigh the pain is called__________- .
Q:
Which of the following is a functional category of routine patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack?
a. calls for service
b. preventative patrol
c. administrative tasks
d. all of these choices
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the goals of patrol as defined by Gay, Schell, and Schack?
a. increased traffic citations
b. providing sense of community security
c. crime prevention and deterrence
d. recovery of stolen property
Q:
Which of the following is not a Supreme Court case dealing with searching for drugs in association with students or school?
a. Board of Education of Independent School District No. 92 of Pottawatomie County et al. v. Earls et al.
b. Unified School District v. Redding
c. Marshall Country Schools v. Gillingham
d. Vernonia School District No. 47 v. Acton
Q:
According to the shifting philosophies of juvenile justice outlined in the text, the time from 1950 to 1970 recognized that:
a. Juveniles must be treated differently than adults.
b. A rising crime rate had mandated a get-tough approach on juvenile crime.
c. The rehabilitation model and the protective nature of the parens patriae had failed to prevent delinquency.
d. Drug courts were necessary for reducing the number of nonviolent juveniles sentenced to jail time.
Q:
Until the 1800s, ______________ were authorized only to house pretrial detainees, debtors, and vagrants.
Q:
In 1974, Congress passed the ______________________, which provides funds to states to bolster their services for maltreated children and their parents.
a. Juvenile Justice Reformation Act
b. Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
c. No Child Left Behind Act
d. Child Neglect and Maltreatment Act
Q:
A school of criminology that views behavior as stemming from free will is known as ____________.
Q:
In the proactive group in the Kansas City study, the police presence was:
a. doubled or tripled
b. eliminated
c. reduced
d. increased 10 times
Q:
Which of the following was not one of the beats established in the Kansas City study?
a. reactive
b. proactive
c. control group
d. variable testing group
Q:
According to scholars, the Enlightenment was a reaction against feudal and traditions.
Q:
Which case held that the Fourth Amendment guarantee against unreasonable searches is not violated by drug testing all students who choose to participate in interscholastic athletics.
a. In re Gault
b. Vernonia School District v. Acton
c. Miller v. Alabama
d. Prominent Academy v. Hayes
Q:
The Kansas City study occurred in the:
a. 1960s.
b. 1970s.
c. 1980s.
d. 1950s.
Q:
Which of the following cases ruled that the level of evidence for the finding of juvenile delinquency is proof beyond a reasonable doubt?
a. In re Gault (1967)
b. In re Winship (1970)
c. Breed v. Jones (1975)
d. New Jersey v. Martin Township Correctional Facility (1977)
Q:
The ___________________________ established the a federal office on delinquency prevention and was enacted to identify the needs of youth and to fund programs aimed at deterring juvenile crime.
a. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
b. Juvenile Justice Recognition Act of 1977
c. Delinquency Prevention and Rehabilitation Act of 1969
d. Youth Offender and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1979
Q:
Random patrol is commonly believed by police administration to create a sense of:
a. semipresence.
b. omnipresence.
c. nonpresence.
d. none of these choices.
Q:
Secular law is often referred to as the _______________ law of society.
Q:
In effect, the Kansas City study failed to demonstrate that adding or taking away police patrols from an area made any difference within the:
a. community.
b. control group.
c. police department.
d. experimental group.
Q:
A leading 18th-century English correctional reformer who was responsible for the creation and later implementation of the Penitentiary Act of 1779 was ______ .
Q:
Because punishment was considered a powerful general ____________ , authorities from the 16th to the 18th centuries in Europe carried out sanctions in the market square for all to see.
Q:
The case of the Kent v. United States (1966) ruled that:
a. Juveniles had the right to an attorney at a waiver hearing.
b. Juveniles must be housed in separate quarters from adult prisoners.
c. Juveniles must be given leniency with regard to their age for status offenses.
d. Education must be provided in juvenile facilities holding criminal youth.
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the three traditional ways we do police work in the United States?
a. retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives
b. random routine patrol
c. proactive investigations
d. rapid response to calls by citizens to 911
Q:
The Juvenile Court Act of 1899 set up an independent court to handle criminal law violations by children under 16 years of age as well as created:
a. A probation department to monitor youth.
b. Educational opportunities for wayward youth.
c. Juvenile magistrates to handle violent crimes.
d. Singular holding cells for children instead of being housed with adults.
Q:
One of the newest forms of aggressive driving known to post a public safety threat is motorcycle swarms.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The first juvenile court was established in which state in 1899?
a. Ohio
b. New York
c. Illinois
d. Virginia
Q:
Scholars point to the____________as the first comprehensive statement of prohibited behavior.
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain
b. Law of civil society
c. Forced rowing
d. Detention facility
e. Pleasure over pain
f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court
g. Retaliation
h. Age of Reason
i. A form of banishment
j. Free will and severe punishment
Utilitarianism
Q:
According to Jonathan Adkins, the next big issue in highway safety is speed enforcement.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When the first House of Refuge opened in New York the Society for the Prevention of Pauperism and the __________________ were influential in establishing such positive
a. Quakers
b. Amish
c. Mennonites
d. Southern Baptist
Q:
In 1816, The Society for the Prevention of Pauperism was established to:
a. Provide counsel for youth at trial.
b. Provide indigent youth a family-like environment away from a life of crime.
c. Transport indigent youth to orphanages in England and Ireland.
d. Establish sanitary conditions in juvenile holding facilities and prisons.
Q:
Distracted drivers are able to multi-task effectively while driving.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain
b. Law of civil society
c. Forced rowing
d. Detention facility
e. Pleasure over pain
f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court
g. Retaliation
h. Age of Reason
i. A form of banishment
j. Free will and severe punishment
Secular law
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain
b. Law of civil society
c. Forced rowing
d. Detention facility
e. Pleasure over pain
f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court
g. Retaliation
h. Age of Reason
i. A form of banishment
j. Free will and severe punishment
Lex talionis
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Punishment to a body inflicting pain
b. Law of civil society
c. Forced rowing
d. Detention facility
e. Pleasure over pain
f. The right to be tried in ecclesiastical court
g. Retaliation
h. Age of Reason
i. A form of banishment
j. Free will and severe punishment
Hulk
Q:
Civic leaders who focused their attention on the misdeeds of poor children to control their behavior were called:
a. Life savers
b. Child savers
c. Guardian investors
d. Delinquent stakeholders
Q:
The premise of smart policing is that agencies themselves are in the best position to know their specific crime problems. a. True
b. False