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Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence below.
a. Designed for young offenders
b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor
c. Treatment is required for offenders
d. Done by inmate labor
e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor
f. Reintegration is the goal
g. Developed in Auburn, NY
h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior
i. Isolates prisoners from society
j.Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime
Penitentiary
Q:
The Supreme Court has ruled that life sentences without the opportunity for parole cannot be given to juveniles.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The prosecutor has the final say in a direct-file waiver claim.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The__________ telephone system allows police departments to call citizens in the entire jurisdiction or in a particular neighborhood to disseminate emergency information to residents.
Q:
Federal courts have not found it necessary to rule on the issue of a juvenile's right to bail.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The impression of always being there is called __________.
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence below.
a. Designed for young offenders
b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor
c. Treatment is required for offenders
d. Done by inmate labor
e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor
f. Reintegration is the goal
g. Developed in Auburn, NY
h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior
i. Isolates prisoners from society
j.Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime
Mark system
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence below.
a. Designed for young offenders
b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor
c. Treatment is required for offenders
d. Done by inmate labor
e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor
f. Reintegration is the goal
g. Developed in Auburn, NY
h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior
i. Isolates prisoners from society
j.Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime
Contract labor system
Q:
Using available scientific research to implement crime-fighting strategies and department policies is called __________ policing.
Q:
Detention can be used only for violent crimes and is not permissible for status offenses.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence below.
a. Designed for young offenders
b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor
c. Treatment is required for offenders
d. Done by inmate labor
e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor
f. Reintegration is the goal
g. Developed in Auburn, NY
h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior
i. Isolates prisoners from society
j.Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime
Congregate system
Q:
Miranda laws do not apply to juveniles under the age of 18 years.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Once taken into custody, a child has the same Fourth Amendment Rights as an adult.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Police special weapons and tactical teams are popularly known as __________.
Q:
A method in which the patrol force is split and half respond to calls for service and the other half performs directed patrol activities is called __________ patrol.
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence below.
a. Designed for young offenders
b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor
c. Treatment is required for offenders
d. Done by inmate labor
e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor
f. Reintegration is the goal
g. Developed in Auburn, NY
h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior
i. Isolates prisoners from society
j.Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime
Positivist school
Q:
Prior to the 1970s, much of what we knew about police patrol was written by __________.
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence below.
a. Designed for young offenders
b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor
c. Treatment is required for offenders
d. Done by inmate labor
e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor
f. Reintegration is the goal
g. Developed in Auburn, NY
h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior
i. Isolates prisoners from society
j.Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime
Lease system
Q:
The teen court movement is one of the fastest-growing delinquency intervention programs in the country.
a. True
b. False
Q:
_______________________was commissioned the first Warden of the Auburn State Penitentiary in New York in 1821; he instituted a system that called for the inmates to adhere to strict discipline and to wear pinstripes and to walk in lockstep.
a. Zebulon Brockway
b. Elam Lynds
c. John Haviland
d. Sanford Bates
Q:
Truancy is not considered a status offense because school violations fall under a different law code.
a. True
b. False
Q:
__________ is the backbone of policing.
Q:
In early juvenile courts, youth were encouraged to admit their guilt in open court, which is a violation of the Fourth Amendment.
a. True
b. False
Q:
__________ is a method of deploying police officers that gives them responsibility for all policing activity by requiring them to walk around a defined geographic area.
Q:
The reformatory movement emphasized education and __________________ , and on the basis of an inmate's successful participation in both could conceivably earn him/her early release.
a. training
b. religion
c. treatment
d. penance
Q:
_________________ is an alternative to incarceration which allows offenders to be treated in the community under supervised conditions.
a. Parole
b. Probation
c. Contract-lease
d. Determinate sentencing
Q:
Although the idea of ______________ had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States.
a. work-release
b. probation
c. parole
d. determinate sentencing
Q:
The two basic kinds of tactical operations are __________patrol tactics and __________patrol.
Q:
Boston, Massachusetts, was the first to establish a juvenile court in 1888 after two high-profile juvenile murder cases.
a. True
b. False
Q:
We will always need some type of rapid police response to citizens' calls to 911, even though we have to realize that a __________ response is highly unrealistic.
Q:
The main idea of the Children's Aid Society was to place children in rural homes, mostly farms, to remove these wayward youth from the harsh environment of city living.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The Quakers were influential in rehabilitation methods for children as early as the 1800s.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The classic study of random routine patrol was the __________ study.
Q:
Beginning in the 1930s, reformers put forward the _____________ model of corrections, which viewed criminal behavior as caused by psychological or biological deficiencies.
a. medical
b. due process
c. community
d. crime control
Q:
According to the _____________________ model of corrections, criminals can be controlled appropriately through more direct use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision.
a. due process
b. crime control
c. medical
d. reformatory
Q:
According to community-based corrections, the goal of the criminal justice system is to:
a. punish the offender.
b. reintegrate the offender.
c. focus on the victim.
d. achieve justice.
Q:
What agency is usually held up as a model for dealing with the mentally ill, due to its combined CIT and co-responder program?
a. Seattle Police Department
b. San Francisco Police Department
c. Houston Police Department
d. Charleston Police Department
Q:
Poor laws were sixteenth-century English laws under which vagrants and abandoned children were bound to masters as indentured servants.
a. True
b. False
Q:
______________________ has been credited with creating the mark system of graduated confinement in England, which called for an inmate to obtain marks toward early release.
a. John Howard
b. Sir Walter Crofton
c. Jeremy Bentham
d. Alexander Maconochie
Q:
CASE 15.3
A 16-year-old female is arrested for the third time in a two-year period for possession of drugs, curfew violations, and obstruction of justice for lying to police. Given this information, answer the following questions.
At her juvenile sentencing or _________________, the female was given one year in juvenile detention with mandatory drug counseling and anger management.
a. Disposition
b. Decree hearing
c. Initial appearance
d. Waiver hearing
Q:
The aggressive saturation patrol operation in Washington, D.C., run by Chief Cathy Lanier is called:
a. Operation ICE
b. Operation Delta
c. Operation Alpha
d. All Hands on Deck
Q:
CASE 15.3
A 16-year-old female is arrested for the third time in a two-year period for possession of drugs, curfew violations, and obstruction of justice for lying to police. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Because she threatened to kill herself after her third arrest, the court ruled that which temporary care of a delinquent who may harm herself be given?
a. Custodial care
b. Detention
c. Reformatory housing
d. Civil abatement
Q:
Departments that ____________________ may benefit most from differential response.
a. suffer from financial difficulties that make it hard to hire more officers
b. have more than 100 officers
c. have fewer than 50 officers
d. are located in rural areas with few officers to cover a large amount of territory
Q:
By the mid-1800s, reformers became disillusioned with the _____________ since rehabilitation or deterrence was not being realized.
a. parole system
b. contract-lease system
c. penitentiary
d. mark system
Q:
In differential response to calls for service, responses to citizens' calls to 911 are matched to the type and ____________________ of the calls.
a. severity
b. location
c. numerical order
d. time of day
Q:
CASE 15.3
A 16-year-old female is arrested for the third time in a two-year period for possession of drugs, curfew violations, and obstruction of justice for lying to police. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Because of a rise in gang-related crime in the juvenile's neighborhood and school district, the city will begin using what program used in all 50 states to combat juvenile criminal violence?
a. G.R.E.A.T.
b. D.A.R.E.
c. D.A.R.T.
d. T.E.C.
Q:
CASE 15.3
A 16-year-old female is arrested for the third time in a two-year period for possession of drugs, curfew violations, and obstruction of justice for lying to police. Given this information, answer the following questions.
The commonly used formal sanction for juveniles is probation; however, in this case an alternative correctional practice was implemented that uses daily supervision by an assigned probation officer and may include other restrictions and penalties that may be more useful. This practice is called:
a. Intensive probation supervision.
b. Rigorous supervision.
c. Arduous probation and supervision.
d. Juvenile adjudication.
Q:
Eastern State Penitentiary was designed by:
a. John Howard.
b. John Haviland.
c. Jeremy Bentham.
d. Cesare Lombroso.
Q:
The leasing of convicts to private entrepreneurs first took hold in the:
a. North.
b. West.
c. South.
d. East.
Q:
A successful example of a directed patrol program that achieved positive results was the ____________________ gun experiment.
a. Kansas City
b. Los Angeles
c. Houston
d. Detroit
Q:
The__________ was an institution for young offenders that emphasized training, a mark system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole.a. penitentiaryb. jailc. juvenile detention centerd. reformatory
Q:
____________________ patrol is a solution to the problem of directed patrol units often getting interrupted by calls for service, which can affect the performance of their assignments.
a. Routine
b. Task force
c. Split-force
d. Foot
Q:
CASE 15.2
Keith Reed, a 15-year-old white male with no prior arrests is brought in for questioning for larceny of several hundred dollars worth of computer parts from a warehouse in downtown Cincinnati. Using this information, walk Mr. Reed through the juvenile court system.
If the decision was to leave the juvenile in the adult criminal courts; the decision of the judge to place the offender in a correctional facility would be called:
a. Placement.
b. Commitment.
c. Charging.
d. Disposition.
Q:
The approach to criminology is based on the assumption that human behavior is a product of biological, economic, psychological, and social factors, and that the scientific method can be applied to ascertain the causes of individual behavior.
a. Classical School
b. Positivist School
c. Progressive School
d. Neoclassical School
Q:
CASE 15.2
Keith Reed, a 15-year-old white male with no prior arrests is brought in for questioning for larceny of several hundred dollars worth of computer parts from a warehouse in downtown Cincinnati. Using this information, walk Mr. Reed through the juvenile court system.
If the case was moved to adult court because of the nature of the crime, resulting in a felony based on the worth of the property stolen, but the judge later finds that the juvenile would be better served in the juvenile system, this would be an example of a(n):
a. Direct file waiver.
b. Adjunct waiver.
c. Reverse waiver.
d. Converse waiver.
Q:
Officers who patrol specific locations at specific times to address a specific crime problem are called ____________________ patrol.
a. split-force
b. task force
c. routine
d. directed
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Progressives?
a. probation
b. determinate sentencing
c. parole
d. indeterminate sentencing
Q:
A thorough study conducted in Newark regarding foot patrols concluded that adding foot patrol:
a. increased crime
b. decreased crime
c. had no effect on crime
d. decreased crime when foot patrol was added only in the business district
Q:
CASE 15.2
Keith Reed, a 15-year-old white male with no prior arrests is brought in for questioning for larceny of several hundred dollars worth of computer parts from a warehouse in downtown Cincinnati. Using this information, walk Mr. Reed through the juvenile court system.
Given the nature of the case, the decision whether to file charges in criminal court and waive the juvenile is placed in the hands of the prosecutor. This is called:
a. Direct file waiver.
b. Prosecutorial waiver.
c. Adjunct waiver.
d. Reverse waiver.
Q:
When researchers examined the reinstitution of foot patrol in Newark and Flint, they arrived at the conclusion that when foot patrol is added in neighborhoods:
a. levels of fear decrease significantly
b. levels of fear increase significantly
c. levels of fear remain the same
d. the police who patrol on foot have less job satisfaction, more fear, and lower morale than do officers who patrol in automobiles
Q:
CASE 15.2
Keith Reed, a 15-year-old white male with no prior arrests is brought in for questioning for larceny of several hundred dollars worth of computer parts from a warehouse in downtown Cincinnati. Using this information, walk Mr. Reed through the juvenile court system.
After questions, Mr. Reed was arrested. He was released to his parents as he was not deemed a threat risk. If he was deemed a risk to himself or to the community he would have been:
a. Given psychiatric counseling before the system would move forward.
b. Detained.
c. Waived to adult court.
d. Released on bail.
Q:
The _________________ refers to an institution intended to isolate prisoners from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation.
a. panopticon
b. jail
c. reformatory
d. penitentiary
Q:
CASE 15.1
Aubrey Jamison, a 17-year-old student, is arrested for possession of marijuana in her high school after an anonymous tip led the principal and guidance counselor to search her locker and the belongings therein. A small about of the narcotic and three prescription-strength oxycodone pills were found in her purse. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Given that this was Ms. Jamison's first offense and that she is a model student, it is likely the judge will focus on providing her treatment in a court for substance abusers known as a:
a. Drug court.
b. Narcotics court.
c. Medicinal court.
d. Treatment court.
Q:
During the Progressive Reform Era, two main correctional strategies were implemented. They included improving conditions in social environments and:
a. feeding inmates a more nutritious diet.
b. ensuring prisoners were not in solitude.
c. reintegrating inmates into society.
d. rehabilitating individual offenders.
Q:
During what decade did the foot patrol return to policing?
a. 1960s
b. 1970s
c. 1980s
d. 1990s
Q:
CASE 15.1
Aubrey Jamison, a 17-year-old student, is arrested for possession of marijuana in her high school after an anonymous tip led the principal and guidance counselor to search her locker and the belongings therein. A small about of the narcotic and three prescription-strength oxycodone pills were found in her purse. Given this information, answer the following questions.
If upon finding the prescription drugs, the principal and guidance counsel conducted a strip search on Ms. Jamison, the Court would rule that:
a. This was legal based on New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985).
b. This was a violation of Ms. Jamison's Sixth Amendment right to due process.
c. This was a violation of Ms. Jamison's Fourth Amendment right to unreasonable search and seizure.
d. This was legal under the Eighth Amendment.
Q:
During what decade was the efficiency of foot patrols challenged?
a. 1960s
b. 1970s
c. 1980s
d. 1990s
Q:
In regard to the convict lease system, prisoners were:
a. used only for prison maintenance .
b. used for non-profit labor purposes.
c. used for labor for profit by private interests.
d. confined to work in their cells performing meaningless tasks.
Q:
The medical model of corrections began to be implemented during the:
a. 1890s.
b. 1920s.
c. 1930s.
d. 1960s.
Q:
CASE 15.1
Aubrey Jamison, a 17-year-old student, is arrested for possession of marijuana in her high school after an anonymous tip led the principal and guidance counselor to search her locker and the belongings therein. A small about of the narcotic and three prescription-strength oxycodone pills were found in her purse. Given this information, answer the following questions.
Aubrey's parents sued the school district, stating that the search was unconstitutional and that without a valid warrant the search should not have been allowed. Based on Supreme Court rulings:
a. The Jamisons would lose based on New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985).
b. The Jamisons would lose based on Tennant v. Wilksbury School District (1999).
c. The Jamisons would win based on the fact the principal is not allowed to search a student's locker and possessions because of his or her position of power.
d. The Jamisons would win based on Terry v. Bradshaw (1978).
Q:
Which of the following are the two major methods of patrol deployment?
a. motorized patrol and foot patrol
b. crime patrol and bicycle patrol
c. bicycle patrol and motorized patrol
d. bicycle patrol and foot patrol
Q:
Under which of the following type of waiver is a case against a juvenile that is heard in an adult court sent back to juvenile court because the judge believes the juvenile court could offer better service to the defendant.
a. Judicial waiver
b. Reverse waiver
c. Direct file
d. Excluded offense
Q:
The calls radioed to patrol officers, or assignments given to police patrol units by 911 dispatchers, reveal the types of problems for which people call the police and the types of problems:
a. the police feel deserve a response by patrol units
b. that are important to administration
c. encountered by citizens daily
d. that the local government wants handled
Q:
The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the ____________ system of corrections.
a. the congregate
b. inmate labor
c. the separate confinement
d. contract-lease
Q:
The penitentiary was to be a place where:
a. offenders were isolated from bad influences in society.
b. offenders were isolated from one another.
c. offenders could reflect on their misdeeds.
d. all of these
Q:
Who is the author of the classic Varieties of Police Behavior: The Management of Law and Order in Eight Communities?
a. James Q. Wilson
b. June Nelson
c. Anthony Bouza
d. Ernest Verdeschi
Q:
Under which of the following type of waiver does the prosecutor have the discretion of filing separate charges for certain legislatively designated offenses in either juvenile or criminal court?
a. Judicial waiver
b. Reverse waiver
c. Direct filec
d. Excluded offense
Q:
Which of the following is not a consideration with regard to whether or not a juvenile apprehended in the act of committing a crime is referred to juvenile court?
a. Offense seriousness
b. The child's past contacts with the police
c. Cooperation
d. Probable cause.
Q:
Separate confinement was first implemented in:
a. Eastern State Penitentiary.
b. Western State Penitentiary.
c. Auburn Penitentiary.
d. Walnut Street Jail.
Q:
During the colonial period most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred from ___________ and adapted to local conditions.
a. Italy
b. England
c. Germany
d. France