Q&A Hero

Q: Probation may be revoked if the probationer fails to attend a therapy session.

Q: Programs that fail to follow five principles of effective programs often make recidivism rates increase.

Q: The New York City Police Department's tactical plan Operation Torch, consisting of officers from the Emergency Service Unit, is carried out on the waterfront of New York City. a. True b. False

Q: According to the authors, there are now some technological advances in probation to monitor the actions of probations. These include: a. iris scans. b. inserted microchips in the skin. c. video conferencing. d. ankle bracelets.

Q: Project HOPE is a specialized approach that identifies the high-risk, chronic violator for close supervision augmented by regular: a. home visits. b. court reporting. c. drug testing. d. ankle monitoring.

Q: Probation officers rely upon their authority because they have little substantive power.

Q: According to researchers presenting at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in February 2008, domestic extremists who commit violence in the name of their cause (for example, abortion or the environment) account for very little of the damage from terrorist incidents in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: PSIs disallow victim impact statements describing their emotional and financial losses due to the offender's action.

Q: In 1998, Earth Liberation Front (ELF) members were linked to the destruction of the Vail Ski Resort in Colorado, a fire that caused $12 million in damage. a. True b. False

Q: The approved practice for handling revocation of probation: a. is usually done in the judge's chamber. b. proceeds in three stages. c. is to take the offender directly to jail. d. has been found unconstitutional.

Q: Theodore Kaczynski is also known as the Unabomber. a. True b. False

Q: A defendant's preliminary hearing can be waived.

Q: Risk management combines values of the ___________ model of the criminal sanction with the idea that the community deserves protection. a. community b. just deserts c. restorative d. medical

Q: Timothy J. McVeigh was stopped in Kansas at a DWI checkpoint and was immediately arrested for and charged with the Oklahoma City bombing. a. True b. False

Q: At a revocation hearing, the facts of the allegation are heard and decided.

Q: The law enforcer role of probation focuses on surveillance and control of the offender.

Q: 60% of probation sentences are received directly from the judge.

Q: ___________ supervision will likely continue to grow in popularity.a. Punitiveb. Medicalc. Decreased reliance ond. Specialization of

Q: Eric Robert Rudolph was arrested and charged with the bombing that occurred in Centennial Olympic Park at the Atlanta Olympic Games. a. True b. False

Q: In a 2006 Harris Interactive poll, a majority of Americans reported that they were more concerned with individual liberties and in favor of decreasing surveillance of suspected terrorists through cameras, banking records, and cell phones. a. True b. False

Q: Recognizance was first used in court to recognize a formally recorded________ to perform some act entered by a judge to permit an offender to live in the community.a. dutyb. obligationc. contractd. debt

Q: Judicial reprieve in the United States: a. found widespread use in the late 1800s. b. was the source of widespread judicial corruption during the early 1900s. c. was never fully enacted. d. was declared unconstitutional in 1916.

Q: Those on probation tend to be low-level offenders.

Q: In 2006, President Bush signed the USA Patriot Reauthorization Act of 2005, which made only certain sections (I, II, and IV) of the 2001 act permanent. a. True b. False

Q: According to Jim Ruiz and Kathleen H. Winters, the lack of interagency communication before 9/11 was a by-product of multiple federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies failing to share the intelligence they had gathered on terrorism with other departments and even within their own agencies. a. True b. False

Q: Between 1200 and 1827, English law: a. discriminated against the upper social classes. b. strove for equality in all matters. c. discriminated against monks, nuns, and priests. d. discriminated in favor of the upper social classes.

Q: During the sentencing phase of a revocation hearing, the judge decides whether to impose a term of incarceration and if so, for how long.

Q: Depending on the state, probation may be: a. centralized or decentralized. b. administered by judiciary or executive branch. c. combined with parole services. d. all of these.

Q: According to the authors, there are now some technological advances in probation to monitor the actions of probations. This includes: a. computer software b. interviews c. video conferencing d. ankle bracelets

Q: Project HOPE is a specialized approach which identifies the high-risk, chronic violator for close supervision augmented by regular ___________. a. home visits b. court reporting c. drug testing d. ankle monitoring

Q: In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, state and local agencies are being asked by the FBI to play a reduced role in response to terrorist incidents and in gathering intelligence. a. True b. False

Q: The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States is popularly known as the 9/11 Commission. a. True b. False

Q: The medical model of probation was popular in which of the following time periods? a. the 1920s through 1930s b. the 1980s through 1990s c. the 1940s through 1960s d. the 1970s through 1980s

Q: Which of the following was not an innovation initially developed by John Augustus? a. probation b. supervision conditions c. home detention d. presentence investigation

Q: The approved practice for handling revocation of probation: a. is usually done in the judge's chamber. b. proceeds in three stages. c. is to take the offender directly to jail. d. has been found unconstitutional.

Q: In which of the following ways may probation be terminated? a. The probationer completes the period of probation. b. Probation caseloads are so large that some probationers have their probation terminated. c. The probationer commits some misbehavior that warrants the probation be terminated. d. Both the probationer completes the period of probation and the probationer commits some misbehavior that warrants the probation be terminated.

Q: Local law enforcement agencies are usually the first responders to scenes of terrorist crimes. a. True b. False

Q: Recent interest in the problem of substance abuse has increased the attention given to __________ affected by drugs and alcohol. a. caseloads b. communities c. probationers d. victims

Q: Many experts believe that highly organized and cohesive groups of extremists may pose the most urgent threat to the United States. a. True b. False

Q: ________________ supervision will likely continue to grow in popularity. a. Punitive b. Medical c. Decreased reliance on d. Specialization of

Q: The performance-based movement calls for a reshaping of the philosophy of probation with a new emphasis on: a. power. b. authority. c. individual rights. d. public safety.

Q: A probation officer faces role conflict every day around: a. the demands of the organization and the expectations of the offender. b. the responsibilities of enforcing the law and helping the offender simultaneously. c. personal expectations about probation work and the visible realities of the job. d. investments of time by the probation officer with respect to presentence investigation reports and counseling offenders.

Q: How safe are less-than-lethal weapons? In what situations would a less-than-lethal weapon be used? Do suspects have the right to know that you are about to use a less-than-lethal weapon on them? Explain your answers.

Q: Recognizance was first used in court to recognize a formally recorded ___________to perform some act entered by a judge to permit an offender to live in the community. a. indebtedness b. obligation c. appreciation d. debt

Q: Judicial reprieve in the United States: a. found widespread use. b. was the source of widespread judicial corruption. c. was never enacted. d. was declared unconstitutional in 1916.

Q: Describe the CSI effect and explain the challenges it has created for investigators, forensic experts, and juries.

Q: In what case did the Supreme Court rule that the defendant does not have a right to receive a copy of the presentence investigation report? a. Williams v. New York b. Morrisey v. Brewer c. Gagnon v. Scarpelli d. Bell v. Wolfish

Q: __________ conditions provide constraints on probationers including reporting to the probation office, change of address, employment, and not leaving a jurisdiction.a. Standardb. Technicalc. Treatmentd. Punitive

Q: Between 1200 and 1827, English law: a. discriminated against the upper social classes. b. strove for equality in all matters. c. discriminated against monks, nuns, and priests. d. discriminated in favor of the upper social classes.

Q: List the major sections of a police crime lab and discuss the evidence each examines.

Q: The organization of probation is: a. centralized or decentralized b. administered by judiciary or executive branch c. combined with parole services d. all of these.

Q: Which of the following is an argument for a centralized probation authority? a. Decentralized programs are often unprofessional and lag behind the times. b. It is able to train staff for a variety of roles. c. It is able to implement broader program with greater equality in supervision and services. d. all of these

Q: Define DNA, and explain the accuracy of the results of genetic fingerprinting.

Q: What are some threats to civil liberties posed by recent technology?

Q: In many states the defense__________ a copy of the PSI report.a. producesb. has total access toc. does not received. has no interest in

Q: __________ conditions provide constraints on some probationers to force them to deal with a significant problem and need such as substance abuse.a. Standardb. Technicalc. Treatmentd. Punitive

Q: The medical model of probation was popular in which of the following time periods? a. the 1920s through 1930s b. the 1980s through 1990s c. the 1940s through 1960s d. the 1970s through 1980s

Q: Discuss the advantages of computer-aided dispatch (CAD) systems, including enhanced CAD.

Q: What are robots used for in policing today?

Q: Which of the following was not an innovation initially developed by John Augustus? a. Probation b. Supervision conditions c. Home detention d. Presentence investigation

Q: __________ is a drug that inhibits drinking.a. Methadoneb. Cocainec. Antabused. Malabuse

Q: Discuss the history of the use of DNA in courts and explain its status in courts today.

Q: In which of the following ways may probation be terminated? a. The probationer completes the period of probation. b. Probation caseloads are so large that some probationers have their probation terminated. c. The probationer commits some misbehavior that warrants the probation be terminated. d. Both the probationer completes the period of probation and the probationer commits some misbehavior that warrants the probation be terminated.

Q: __________conditions provide constraints on some probationers to increase the restrictiveness of probation including fines, community service, and restitution.a. Standardb. Technicalc. Punitived. Treatment

Q: The performance-based movement calls for a reshaping of the philosophy of probation with a new emphasis on: a. power. b. authority. c. individual rights. d. public safety.

Q: The majority of probationers in the United States today are: a. white and female. b. African American and male. c. white and male. d. Latino and male.

Q: Probation was originally used mainly for: a. first-time offenders. b. violent offenders. c. low-level offenders. d. guilty offenders.

Q: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of less-than-lethal weapons in policing.

Q: A probation officer faces role conflict every day. This conflict focuses around: a. the demands of the organization and the expectations of the offender. b. the responsibilities of enforcing the law and helping the offender simultaneously. c. personal expectations about probation work and the visible realities of the job. d. investments of time by the probation officer with respect to presentence investigation reports and counseling offenders.

Q: Discuss the latest innovations in the examination of fingerprints.

Q: In what case did the Supreme Court rule that the defendant does not have a right to receive a copy of the presentence investigation report? a. Williams v. New York b. Morrisey v. Brewer c. Gagnon v. Scarpelli d. Bell v. Wolfish

Q: Who was the first person to provide bail for defendants under the authority of the Boston Police Court in 1841? a. John Augustus b. John Howard c. Zebulon Brockway d. Jeremy Bentham

Q: Discuss the many ways in which the computer is revolutionizing police work.

Q: _____________ conditions provide constraints on probationers including reporting to the probation office, change of address, employment, and not leaving a jurisdiction. a. Standard b. Technical c. Treatment d. Punitive

Q: What is the average caseload for probation officers in New York City? a. 77 probationers per officer b. 114 probationers per officer c. 162 probationers per officer d. 249 probationers per officer

Q: Which of the following is an argument for a centralized probation authority? a. Decentralized programs are often unprofessional and lag behind the times b. It is able to train staff for a variety of roles c. It is able to implement broader program with greater equality in supervision and services d. All of these.

Q: Presentences investigation reports must always be carried out by probation officers who work for the judicial branch of the government. a. True b. False

Q: is that part of science applied to answering legal questions.

Q: The majority of cases involve the fraudulent uses of credit card or bank information.

Q: Originating in the court, the first U.S. probation agencies were units of the judicial branches of city and county governments, primarily in the eastern United States. a. True b. False