Q&A Hero

Q: Define and discuss terrorism.

Q: Putting a person behind bars costs between 25 and 50 times as much a year as if they were on _________.

Q: In 2009, President Obama merged the Homeland Security Council with creating the National Security Staff.

Q: Community service is ___________ for an injury to society by performance of service.

Q: Groups such as the and the , using violent actions, have released caged animals into the wild, targeted buildings where experimentation on animals has been conducted, damaged vehicles they feel are not environmentally friendly, and burned down new residential communities, in an effort to force various segments of society, including the general public, to change their attitudes about issues these groups consider important.

Q: ______________________ is when community programs reduce recidivism and increase their funding.

Q: One strength of intermediate sanctions is that there appears to be little racial, gender, or age bias in their application. a. True b. False

Q: __________measurement makes sure programs are having their intended effects.

Q: According to the text, there is strong evidence that traditional probation is ineffective with serious offenders. a. True b. False

Q: In 2008, Congress overhauled the Act to bring federal surveillance statutes into closer alignment withwhat the government had been secretly doing. The legislation essentially legalized certain aspects of the National Security Agency's (NSA's) surveillance program.

Q: The NYPD tactical plan known as consists of officers from the Emergency Service Unit who areoutfitted in heavy bullet-resistant vests and Kevlar helmets, carry automatic weapons including M-4 rifles or MP5 submachine guns, and are utilized to combat potential terrorism.

Q: Probation centers are where persistent probation violators reside for short periods of time. a. True b. False

Q: A continuum of sanctions is a range of correctional management strategies based on the degree of ___________ and __________ over the offender.

Q: Restitution is compensation for financial, physical or emotional loss.

Q: A center is defined as a collaborative effort of two or more agencies that provide resources, expertise, and information to the center with the goal of maximizing its ability to detect, prevent, investigate, and respond to criminal and terrorist activity.

Q: The most important issue concerning use of intermediate sanctions has to do with prison overcrowding a. True b. False

Q: Community service requires the offender to provide hours of free labor in a public place.

Q: Evaluations of intensive supervision found that probation officers uncovered more rules violations than they did in regular probation. a. True b. False

Q: Thewas created in 2005 to unite America's national security intelligence under one umbrella. It wasbased on the 9/11 Commission report, which recommended the creation of a single intelligence director for the United States.

Q: A continuum of sanctions means that punishments vary in intrusiveness and control.

Q: One of three threats identified by the FBI is the threat to international radical extremists, such as those who attacked the World Trade Center in 1995.

Q: The cost of prison continues to increase with the rising number of offenders entering the system. a. True b. False

Q: Describe, in detail, the rationale for non-prison based penalties. Do you agree or disagree with this reasoning? Be sure to fully explain your answer.

Q: The is on the front lines of the nation's efforts to secure air transportation from terrorism.

Q: A day fine lets the wealthier offenders off easier than it does the poor.

Q: The gives law enforcement personnel new abilities to search, seize, detain, and eavesdrop in theirpursuit of possible terrorists.

Q: One strength of intermediate sanctions is that there appears to be little racial, gender, or age bias in their application.

Q: There are currently five programmatic incentives suggested by the Pew Charitable Trusts in an effort to alleviate prison overcrowding. Discuss these five and explain what each means. Determine how effective each will and will not be in solving the problem of criminal activity as well as recidivism.

Q: According to the text, there is strong evidence that traditional probation is ineffective with serious offenders.

Q: Discuss one intermediate sanction as imposed by each of the following: the judiciary, probation departments, and correctional departments. How are these sanctions different and how effective are they as formal punishments for individual offenders? In your opinion, does each of your three selections warrant continued use in our correctional system? Be sure to fully explain your answer.

Q: is an investigatory term used for covertly following subjects in an investigation and recording their activities.

Q: Probation centers are where persistent probation violators reside for short periods of time.

Q: List and explain the three justifications for intermediate sanctions. Discuss the pros and cons of each as well as their overall perceived effectiveness. Based on your opinion, are these justifications sufficient for their continued adoption and application in corrections? Be sure to fully defend your stance.

Q: According to the authors, what are the three most significant problems facing the intermediate sanctions movement? Be sure to fully explain each problem in detail. Next, in your opinion, what can be done to address each issue? Again, be sure to fully explain your answers.

Q: The most important issue concerning use of intermediate sanctions has to do with prison overcrowding.

Q: extremist groups generally profess a revolutionary socialist doctrine and view themselves as protectors of the American people against capitalism and imperialism.

Q: What does prison offer crime victims? In your opinion, are victims always satisfied with prison as justice? Why or why not? What types of need might a crime victim have and what types of intermediate sanctions might meet these needs?

Q: All evaluations of intensive supervision found that probation officers uncovered more rules violations than they did in regular probation.

Q: The authorizes search warrants and electronic surveillance in terrorism and spying cases.

Q: National security letters are information requests issued by local officials who certify that the information is relevant to an international terrorism or foreign intelligence investigation.

Q: The cost of prison continues to increase with the rising number of offenders entering the system.

Q: ________is a form of sanction that requires compensation for financial, physical, or emotional loss caused by an offender, in the form of payment of money either to the victim or to a public fund for crime victims

Q: ________is a type of sanction that requires the offender to provide a specified number of hours of free labor in some public service (e.g., volunteer work clean-ups).

Q: The concept of single-focused investigative units that meld personnel and talent from various law enforcement agencies is called .

Q: A major drawback in the use of biological weapons is that they cannot be .

Q: Alternative sanctions tend to be designed for: a. women. b. juveniles. c. men. d. misdemeanants.

Q: The bombing in Centennial Olympic Park at the Atlanta Olympics Games is an example of which type of terrorism?

Q: ________refers to a criminal penalty based on the amount of income an offender earns in a day's work.

Q: ________refers to a sentence in which the offenders serve terms of incarceration in their own homes.

Q: Because intermediate sanctions rely on discretion there is an opportunity for: a. clemency. b. forgiveness. c. amnesty. d. bias.

Q: This group believes that they are separate from the government of the United States. a. Sovereign Citizen Movement b. Earth Liberation Front c. Animal Liberation Front d. Department of Justice

Q: All of the following are consider American domestic terrorist groups except: a. ALF. b. Sovereign Citizens. c. ELF. d. IRA.

Q: The differences in the style and philosophy of correctional programs in different localities reflect a basic truth about law and ___________.

Q: Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is known as: a. intensive supervision program b. .presentence investigation c. supervision intensive program d. individual program supervision

Q: In 2008, marketed as "built green" in Seattle, Washington. a. ABORTS b. CTS c. ABC d. ELF

Q: Over __________ dollars in fines is collected annually in the United States. a. 25 million b. 675 million c. 1 billion d. 3.7 billion

Q: The most widely used techniques of surveillance and control are established elements of ____________ programs.

Q: Discuss the role of the probation officer, in terms of both the investigative function and the supervisory function. Which is more effective and why? Why is the other not as effective? If you were a probation officer, which do you feel would occupy most of your time and why?

Q: The has the statutory mission to serve as the U.S. government's knowledge bank on international terrorism and to provide the Department of State with required statistical information. a. NCTC b. NCIC c. TCIC d. ACISC

Q: Judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: a. too harsh. b. too lenient. c. limited. d. ill-advised.

Q: Explain the two primary functions of probation and how those functions are carried out. In addition, please discuss the conflict created by the differing goals of these two functions. How have organizations dealt with the conflict produced by the differing goals?

Q: Of the following populations who are the most statistically likely to get in trouble with the law and eventually end up in prison? a. The mentally ill b. Children of people who have been incarcerated c. Spouses of people who have been incarcerated d. Indigent people

Q: More than two-thirds of people under correctional authority are: a. in prison. b. under community supervision. c. guilty. d. mentally ill.

Q: Who was John Augustus and how did his efforts change corrections in America? Be sure to identify the innovations and practices originated by his work. Why were these developments so remarkable? How have they shaped corrections over a century later?

Q: The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States heavily criticized the government for numerous failures that the commission claimed were largely caused by: a. the president's refusal to leave Iraq. b. the president's refusal to meet with Iranian leaders. c. political wrangling and bureaucracy. d. local law enforcement's failure to get on board with Homeland Security.

Q: Home confinement is best suited to: a. situational offenders. b. offenders with substance abuse issues. c. offenders with relatively long sentences. d. low-risk offenders with relatively stable residences

Q: A major criticism of probation, as traditionally practiced, is that: a. it is too impersonal. b. the probation officers don"t really care about the client. c. it is inadequate for a large number of offenders. d. there aren"t enough offenders to make it work.

Q: What act established the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) within the Department of Transportation to protect the nation's transportation systems and ensure freedom of movement for people and commerce? a. Johnson Act of 2003 b. Homeland Security Act c. Rogers Act d. Aviation and Transportation Security Act

Q: Based on your having read the chapter, what is your overall opinion regarding the effectiveness of probation? Where do you see the practice of probation ten years from nowespecially its frequency of usage? Based on your response, is this a positive or a negative? Be sure to clearly explain your answer.

Q: Explain what is meant by revocation of probation. List and discuss the ways one could have their probation revoked? In your opinion, should all violators be given additional chances regardless of the number of times they have violated their probation? Why or why not?

Q: New alternative programs are filled with people who formerly would have been placed __________. a. on regular probation b. in prison c. in shock incarceration d. acquitted

Q: Members of what type of terrorist group include animal rights advocates, supporters of environmental issues, and antiabortion advocates? a. right-wing b. left-wing c. special-interest d. union extremist

Q: During the 1960s and 1970s, the groups that presented the most serious problem in the United States in terms of violence and terrorism included: a. radical hate groups and militant student/antiwar groups. b. religious groups. c. unions. d. right-wing extremist groups.

Q: __________________ refers to when an offender is sentenced to incarceration, is released after a short period of confinement, and resentenced to probation.

Q: Before the September 11, 2001, attack, the most recent case of international terrorism to occur on U.S. shores took place on: a. February 26, 1993. b. January 17, 1987. c. August 12, 1967. d. there was no act of international terrorism committed on U.S. shores prior to September 11, 2001

Q: The new movement that seeks to establish correctional programs falling between standard probation and prison is called: a. penal sanctions. b. probation. c. primary sanctions. d. intermediate sanctions.

Q: ______________ is the idea that instead of imprisonment, the offender is allowed to live in the community under supervision and must demonstrate a willingness to abide by its laws.

Q: __________________ refers to the process by which private investigative firms contract convicted offenders to conduct comprehensive background checks and suggest to judges creative sentencing options as alternatives to incarceration

Q: Widespread adoption of intermediate sanctions may further exacerbate ________in prison populations? a. racial disparities b. overcrowding c. gang tensions d. mental illness

Q: In 2005, the DHS reported that the top terrorist threat against the United States today is from ideologically driven actors, particularly: a. al Qaeda. b. Mujahideen. c. Hamas. d. Hezbollah.