Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the main problems with the use of intermediate sanctions? a. selection of agencies b. net widening effect c. treatment follow-up d. selection of offenders

Q: The amount of prisoners currently incarcerated has declined over the past decade.

Q: The civil rights movement had no affect on prisoners.

Q: Most sanctions in Western democracies do not involve: a. imprisonment. b. probation. c. restitution. d. community corrections.

Q: Alternative sanctions tend to be designed for: a. women. b. juveniles. c. men. d. misdemeanants.

Q: The 1960's and 70's reflected the dominance of the rehabilitative model toward inmates.

Q: Because intermediate sanctions rely on discretion, there is an opportunity for: a. clemency. b. forgiveness. c. amnesty. d. bias.

Q: Private enterprise has __________ played a role in American corrections. a. never b. always c. sometimes d. only recently

Q: Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is known as: a. intensive supervisionsupervision. b. presentence c. restricted supervision.supervision. d. pretrial diversion

Q: Prisons designed to hold the "toughest of the tough" are called: a. maximum security prisons. b. solitary confinement. c. custodial confinement. d. super-max prisons.

Q: According to the author, the general rule of architecture, including prisons, is that form follows: a. freedom. b. function. c. style. d. all of these.

Q: Over _______dollars in fines is collected annually in the United States.a. 25 millionb. 675 millionc. 1 billiond. 3.7 billion

Q: Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to: a. the FBI. b. the Secret Service. c. the Marshal's Service. d. none of these.

Q: Judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: a. indeterminate. b. too lenient. c. limited. d. lacking consistency.

Q: Historically, the __________ has been an innovator in the field of corrections. a. State of Texas Department of Corrections b. State of Illinois Department of Corrections c. Federal Bureau of Investigation d. Federal Bureau of Prisons

Q: Of the following populations, who are the most statistically likely to get in trouble with the law and eventually end up in prison? a. the mentally ill b. children of people who have been incarcerated c. spouses of people who have been incarcerated d. indigent people

Q: With the correctional focus shifting to crime control, some believe that offenders have had it too soft, resulting in: a. the institution of strict regimes in prisons. b. the removal of educational and recreational amenities from prisons. c. an increase in the number of people in prison. d. all of these.

Q: More than two-thirds of people under correctional authority are: a. in prison. b. under community supervision. c. women. d. mentally ill.

Q: A majority of all state prisoners throughout the country are housed in __________ prisons. a. maximum security b. medium security c. minimum security d. super max

Q: Home confinement is best suited to: a. situational offenders. b. offenders with substance abuse issues. c. offenders with relatively long sentences. d. low-risk offenders with relatively stable residences

Q: Until recently _______on the question of private prison cost-effectiveness has been lacking. a. research b. misunderstandings c. conflicts d. disagreements

Q: A major criticism of probation, as traditionally practiced, is that: a. it is too impersonal. b. the probation officers don"t really care about the client.. c. it is inadequate for a large number of offenders d. there aren"t enough offenders to make it work.

Q: According to sociologists, the "big house" image of the American prison has: a. ceased to show a limited understanding of the contemporary prison. b. provided us with a deeper understanding of the modern prison. c. spawned a great deal of humanitarian reform in the eyes of the public. d. created interest in the operations of the modern prison among the general public.

Q: New alternative programs are filled with people who formerly would have been placed: a. on regular probation. b. in prison. c. in shock incarceration. d. on parole.

Q: Mass closings of public hospitals for the mentally ill began in the: a. 1950s. b. 1960s. c. 1970s. d. 1980s.

Q: The new movement that seeks to establish correctional programs falling between standard probation and prison is referred to as: a. secondary sanctions. b. indeterminate sanctions. c. primary sanctions. d. intermediate sanctions.

Q: Widespread adoption of intermediate sanctions may further exacerbate_______ in prison populations.a. racial disparitiesb. overcrowdingc. gang tensionsd. mental illness

Q: Americans have traditionally tended to equate which of the following with punishment? a. probation b. prison c. parole d. house arrest

Q: Rates of HIV infection are higher in __________ prisoners. a. female b. male c. juvenile d. homosexual

Q: The rate of confirmed AIDS cases in state and federal prisons is __________ in the total U.S. population. a. three times lower than b. the same as c. 2.5 times higher d. on a par with

Q: The cost of maintaining a(n) __________ inmate is much higher than costs associated with other incarcerated populations. a. elderly b. younger c. female d. male

Q: The concept of community corrections is best understood as a goal to: a. save money. b. reduce reliance on prisons. c. reduce crime. d. both save money and reduce reliance on prisons.

Q: What group(s) is/are affected by the bias that can be present in selecting who receives intermediate sanctions over others? a. whites and juveniles b. men c. non-English speakers and immigrants d. non-whites and women

Q: Today's prison construction is greatly influenced by: a. drug use. b. scare tactics. c. cost. d. politics.

Q: Studies of nonprison alternatives find that even the most successful programs enroll _______offenders who would otherwise have been incarcerated.a. a majority ofb. roughly ofc. a minority ofd. slightly less than of

Q: As state's deal with severe budgetary problems the future of private prisons is: a. secure. b. positive. c. assured. d. uncertain.

Q: The Federal Bureau of Prisons was created within: a. the Department of the Interior. b. the Department of Justice. c. the National Institute of Justice. d. the Department of Homeland Security.

Q: _______refers to a type of probation granted with conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload. a. Home confinement b. Shock probation c. Intensive supervision d. Pretrial diversion

Q: Some Prisons are operated under the direction of: a. the federal government. b. sheriff's c. police departments. d. local government

Q: Proponents of boot camps argue that young offenders get involved in crime because they lack: a. self-esteem. b. decent job skills. c. education. d. both self-esteem and decent job skills.

Q: Early evaluations of intensive supervision reflect which the following? a. Offenders are likely to commit a serious offense in six months. b. More technical violations occur than with traditional probation. c. Little money is saved. d. Probation officers dislike the program.

Q: Studies of community service and restitution programs have generally found them vulnerable to: a. political attacks by conservative politicians. b. budget cuts, since most are perceived as "extras." c. he problem of net widening. d. all of these.

Q: Most prisons employ a __________ model. a. rehabilitative b. reintegration c. retributive d. custodial

Q: At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to: a. crime control. b. rehabilitation. c. treatment. d. restitution.

Q: In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, prisoners demanded their constitutional rights as: a. inmates. b. citizens. c. human beings. d. people.

Q: __ refers to a condition that establishes a sum of money that must be paid by the offender either to the victim or to a public fund for victims of crime. a. Service b. Remunerative c. Restitution d. Recompense

Q: Offender movement within the continuum of sanctions is contingent upon: a. judicial discretion at each level of sentencing accountability. b. program availability at each level of sentencing accountability. c. performance at each level of sentencing accountability. d. all of these.

Q: Implementing intermediate sanctions has had three consequences. They include wider nets, stronger nets, and: a. flatter nets. b. taller nets. c. weaker nets. d. different nets.

Q: The __________ model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s. a. retribution b. incapacitation c. rehabilitation d. reintegration

Q: Judges may use a range of sanctions from those exerting a low level of control to__________ those exerting a high level of control.a. truth in sentencingb. determinatec. intermediated. mandatory

Q: The prison design most often used for female and juvenile inmates is: a. Radial design b. telephone pole design c. campus style d. courtyard style

Q: America's oldest prison was built in 1798. This prison was located in what city in New Jersey: a. Dalton b. Trenton c. Wilmington d. Wilbur

Q: Pretrial diversion targets mostly what type of offenses? a. alcohol b. misdemeanor c. felony d. d. drug

Q: Explain the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, or FISA Court.

Q: 93 percent of the adult prison population is: a. African American. b. Latino. c. Male. d. White.

Q: One of the key problems facing the future of intermediate sanctions and community correction in the United States is the outright lack of community support. a. True b. False

Q: How does the USA Patriot Act affect citizens' civil liberties?

Q: Long term inmates are recognized as those who suffer from: a. physical stress b. emotional stress c. medical problems d. disciplinary actions

Q: Prison costs more than probation in the United States because it must provide total control over a person's life in a way probation cannot. a. True b. False

Q: How does the USA Patriot Act support homeland security?

Q: Most correctional clients in the United States are under federal correctional authority. a. True b. False

Q: Describe and discuss some state and local law enforcement efforts for homeland security.

Q: Administrators of traditional correctional agencies (e.g., jails, prisons, probation) often argue that they should also administer intermediate sanctions. a. True b. False

Q: Describe and discuss the major changes in the FBI's priorities since 9/11.

Q: a. A range of correctional management strategies b. Incarceration followed by sentence reduction c. Sanctions can be calibrated & made equivalent d. Designed for young offenders e. Compensation for loss f. Penalty based on offender's income g. Free labor as compensation h. Government seizes assets used in criminal activity i. potential loss to victim/system j. targets offenders subject to incarceration 1) ISP 2) Boot camp 3) Continuum of sanctions 4) Day fine 5) Forfeiture 6) Restitution 7) stakes 8) Principle of interchangeability 9) Community Service 10) Shock Incarceration

Q: ____________sanctions is when a client struggles under community-based alternatives can instead be monitored through other sanctions such as house arrest rather than return to prison.

Q: __________ is a sum of money that the offenders must pay to the victim or to a public fund.

Q: Based on recent research efforts, it appears that both state and county agencies cannot really benefit from the use of a continuum of sanctions. a. True b. False

Q: Describe and discuss the major subunits of the Department of Homeland Security.

Q: ______________________ provides incentives for people under community corrections to reduce sentences while completing programs.

Q: A majority of Americans approve intermediate sanctions for most forms of nonviolent crime. a. True b. False

Q: Discuss various ways in which the U.S. government immediately responded to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

Q: Restitution is compensation for financial, physical, or emotional loss. a. True b. False

Q: Describe four major international terrorist incidents.

Q: In the United States _________is the most common sanction.

Q: Describe and discuss the reasons terrorists commit their acts.

Q: _________________ develop supervision and services based on studies of "what works" to reduce recidivism.

Q: Community service requires the offender to provide hours of free labor in a public place. a. True b. False

Q: A continuum of sanctions means that punishments vary in intrusiveness and control. a. True b. False

Q: A day fine lets wealthier offenders off easier than it does the poor since those who have the means can escape formal punishment. a. True b. False