Q&A Hero

Q: Biometrics is the use of carpentry skills training for jail inmates in order to increase employment placement upon release. a. True b. False

Q: Women comprise one-third of all jail employees. a. True b. False

Q: Jails are constitutionally mandated to make available adequate health care delivery systems. a. True b. False

Q: Direct-supervision (DS) jails place the correctional officers' station within the inmates' living area, or pod, which means the officer can see and speak to inmates. a. True b. False

Q: Second-generation jails comply with the Prison Rape Elimination Act in that they establish a zero-tolerance standard for the incidence of prison rape in U.S. prisons. a. True b. False

Q: Management in first-generation jails assumes that they hold violent inmates who express their rage by victimizing each other, assaulting staff members, destroying property, and attempting to escape. a. True b. False

Q: The weakness of first-generation designed jails is found in the inability of staff to see more than one or two cells at a time. a. True b. False

Q: First-generation jails are designed to provide indirect or podular/remote surveillance. a. True b. False

Q: Transportation problems, multijurisdiction funding problems, and turf disputes limit or prohibit the even wider use of regional jails. a. True b. False

Q: A major problem of jail administration is that sheriffs are politically accountable to county voters, so jails are one of the most political institutions in adult corrections. a. True b. False

Q: The population of elderly jail inmates has more than doubled in size during the past decade. a. True b. False

Q: John Irwin refers to disorderly and disorganized jail inmates as "rabble" and contends that the jail was invented and continues to be operated in order to manage society's rabble. a. True b. False

Q: While African Americans and whites make up the great bulk of the jail population, American Indians are held in local jails at the highest rate of any racial group. a. True b. False

Q: African American and Hispanic females are less likely to receive jail sentences than are white female inmates. a. True b. False

Q: Despite bail reform efforts, the poor are still the group least likely to make bail. a. True b. False

Q: As prisons become more overcrowded, correctional officials use local jails to house inmates when there is no room in state prisons. a. True b. False

Q: Male inmates far outnumber females, though the disparity is narrowing somewhat. a. True b. False

Q: Detox and suicide prevention are problems to be identified as part of the classification process. a. True b. False

Q: The initial step for offenders in the incarceration process is to be placed in a housing unit. a. True b. False

Q: Police lockups can hold persons for periods for up to 72 hours. a. True b. False

Q: The concept of the English jail was brought to Britain's colonies in North America soon after the settlers arrived from the Old World. a. True b. False

Q: In 1773, the Walnut Street Jail was constructed in Philadelphia in which prisoners were employed in hard labor in the institution and released during the day to repair and clean streets and highways. a. True b. False

Q: At the beginning of the 19th century, children, debtors, slaves, the mentally ill, and the physically ill were housed in jails, but as the century progressed, children and the mentally ill were more often sent to other institutions. a. True b. False

Q: A fee system was also used in the colonies in which inmates were required to pay for their own food and services, including wood and coal for heat. a. True b. False

Q: Pennsylvania established the first colonial jail, but it was the Virginia jails established by reformer Virginia Dare in the 17th century that later became the model for other states. a. True b. False

Q: In recent years, seven states have enacted legislation that transfer control of local jails to: a. state government. b. federal government. c. local police agencies. d. state police agencies.

Q: Keeping track of inmates visually within the jail often involves using physiological or behavioral characteristics of the inmate known as ________ technology. a. DNA analytical b. ultrasonic c. webcast d. biometric

Q: One of the major issues for jail administrators that often involve both inmates and staff, especially in large urban areas, is: a. work programs. b. violence. c. education. d. privatizing services.

Q: Jail officers' lack of knowledge for appropriate intervention strategies poses a problem when dealing with the: a. funding units. b. administrators. c. mentally ill. d. inmates' visitors.

Q: Jail suicide rates are _________ that of the general population. a. double b. triple c. one-fourth d. half

Q: Jails have even fewer alternatives for dealing with the issue of _______ than prisons. a. overcrowding b. privatization c. costs d. drugs

Q: Jails are constitutionally mandated to make available: a. adequate health care. b. drug and alcohol treatment programs. c. jail industries. d. work release.

Q: It is difficult for small jails to develop a variety of programs because they lack: a. space. b. staff. c. fiscal resources. d. all of these choices.

Q: Which jail complies with the Prison Rape Elimination Act in that it establishes a zero-tolerance standard for the incidence of prison rape in U.S. prisons? a. first-generation jail b. second-generation jail c. new-generation jail d. fourth-generation jail

Q: Direct or podular/direct supervision is a characteristic of: a. first-generation jail. b. new-generation jail. c. privatization. d. second-generation jail.

Q: The indirect or podular/remote surveillance is a characteristic of: a. second-generation jail. b. privatization. c. new-generation jail. d. first-generation jail.

Q: Linear/intermittent surveillance is a characteristic of: a. second-generation jail. b. new-generation jail. c. first-generation jail. d. privatization.

Q: The alternatives to local control of jails are: a. state-run jails. b. regional arrangements. c. state-subsidized programs. d. all of these choices.

Q: Blacks are approximately ___ times more likely than Hispanics and ___ times more likely than whites to be in jail. a. 2, 3 b. 3, 5 c. 3, 10 d. 5, 15

Q: John Irwin refers to disorderly and disorganized jail inmates as: a. rabble. b. incivilities. c. perceived risks. d. hoopies.

Q: The social class overrepresented in the nation's jails is the: a. wealthy. b. middle class. c. upper middle class. d. poor.

Q: Despite the increase in incarcerated female offenders, nearly _____ out of 10 jail inmates are adult males. a. 9 b. 6 c. 5 d. 4

Q: The number of elderly jail inmates during the last decade has: a. decreased. b. remained the same. c. tripled. d. doubled.

Q: Largely due to increased security risks, the number of juveniles held in adult jails has: a. increased. b. decreased. c. doubled. d. remained the same.

Q: The number of juveniles held in jails has declined primarily because of the _________________, which grants federal money to cities and states that agree not to confine juveniles in jail.a. Violence Against Women Act b. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Actc. Juvenile Restorative Justice Actd. Juvenile Justice Reentry Reformation Act

Q: During the past decade, jail populations saw a steady increase. In the last few years the trend has:a. stabilized and then depicted an increase again.b. remained static.c. stabilized and even decreased.d. doubled.

Q: Today, most jails have approximately ___ beds. a. 1 to 49 b. 50 to 249 c. 250 to 999 d. more than 1,000

Q: The contemporary jail is usually under the authority of the: a. mayor. b. warden. c. local council. d. sheriff.

Q: The first state to establish a jail was: a. Virginia. b. Maryland. c. New York. d. Georgia.

Q: In the colonial era, instead of cells, inmate housing took the form of: a. large dormitories. b. private homes. c. small rooms. d. no inside shelters.

Q: The jail system originated in: a. France. b. Germany. c. Russia. d. England.

Q: The initial step when admitted to jail is: a. receiving housing assignment. b. classification. c. booking. d. risk assessment.

Q: Which colony became the model for jails? a. Georgia b. Maryland c. Pennsylvania d. Virginia

Q: Police lockups can hold people for: a. 96 hours. b. less than 48 hours. c. 1 week. d. 72 hours.

Q: While jails in some states hold persons for only a few hours, most jails can detain people for _____ hours or longer. a. 8 b. 12 c. 48 d. 72

Q: What level of institution touches the lives of more individuals than any other penal institution? a. jail b. prison c. halfway house d. day reporting center

Q: Discuss the benefits that have been attributed to graduated sanctions.

Q: Discuss the two most popular restorative justice strategies.

Q: Provide a critique of boot camps as an alternative sanction.

Q: What are the characteristics of day reporting centers?

Q: Identify the elements of drug courts and their effectiveness.

Q: Discuss the four basic types of systems that are used to electronically monitor offenders.

Q: Discuss the concept, advantages, and disadvantages of house arrest.

Q: Discuss forfeiture as defined by the RICO Act and the CCE Act.

Q: Identify the sanctions included in the continuum or ladder of intermediate sanctions.

Q: Intermediate sanctions emerged in the 1980s as a result of three trends. Identify and explain these.

Q: Benefits of graduated sanctions include certainty, celerity, proportionality, and ____________________.

Q: A benefit of graduated sanctions is _______________ because the response to violations is swift.

Q: ______________________ is actually the most popular model of restorative justice.

Q: The focus of ____________________ is to bring together criminal, victim, and the victimized community.

Q: _______________ is(are) designed to give offenders a sense of responsibility and accomplishments while improving self-discipline.

Q: A ___________________ can vary from probation centers, restitution centers, county work-release centers, to therapeutic communities.

Q: _____________________ is(are) designed for nonviolent offenders with a substance abuse problem who requires integrated sanctions and services.

Q: ____________________have receivers that are used not only in vehicles but also to track an offender.

Q: ______________________ is the type of electronic monitoring where an offender is monitored periodically or continuously throughout the day and night by means of a pager number that only the probation officer knows.

Q: ______________________ is a court-imposed sentence ordering that an offender remain confined to his or her own residence for a specified amount of time.

Q: The purposes of ______________________________ are to compensate victims for their losses and to teach the offenders financial responsibility.

Q: A(An) _________________ is a sanction that requires convicted offenders to pay a specified sum of money.

Q: In an example of ____________________, clients report to a central location every day, where they file daily schedules withtheir supervising officer showing how each hour will be spent.

Q: A(An) ____________________ proceeding is not an action against a violator but against the property involved.