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Counseling
Q:
According to Yalom, the concerns that make up the core of existential psychodynamics include all of the following, except:
a. death.
b. freedom.
c. togetherness.
d. meaninglessness.
Q:
The central theme running through the works of Viktor Frankl is:
a. that freedom is a myth.
b. the will to meaning.
c. selfdisclosure as the key to mental health.
d. the notion of selfactualization.
Q:
Therapy is viewed as a _____________in the sense that the interpersonal and existential problems of the client will become apparent in the here and now of the therapy relationship.
a. social microcosm
b. "touchy feely" encounter
c. living laboratory
d. tension-filled encounter
Q:
According to existentialists, our search for meaning involves all of these except:a. discarding old values. b. meaninglessness.c. creating our own value system. d. exploring unfinished business.
Q:
Existentialists contend that the experience of relatedness to other human beings:a. is a neurotically dependent attachment.b. should be based on our needs and theirs.c. is healthy when we are able to stand alone and tap into our own strength. d. is not necessary, since we are basically alone.
Q:
Who was the Danish philosopher that addressed the role of anxiety and uncertainty in life?
a. Medard Boss
b. JeanPaul Sartre
c. Soren Kierkegaard
d. Martin Buber
Q:
Ursula lived in New York City on 9/11. Ever since experiencing the aftermath of the terrorist attacks, she has felt anxiety about going to the upper level floors of tall buildings. As an existentially oriented therapist, you might conclude that:
a. Ursula is highly neurotic.
b. Ursula's fears are completely unfounded.
c. Ursula's anxiety is normal in light of the traumatic experience she had on 9/11.
d. Ursula is on the verge of becoming psychotic.
Q:
In regards to freedom and responsibility, existential therapy embraces three values. Which of the following is notone of these values?a. The freedom to become within the context of natural and self-imposed limitations b. The capacity to reflect on the meaning of our choicesc. The capacity to act on the choices we maked. The freedom to choose our past and the choices of our parents
Q:
Which of the following is nottrue about Rollo May?a. He is most responsible for translating European existentialism into American psychotherapeutic theory and practice.b. He focuses on the subjective dimension of therapy.c. He is a significant spokesman for the existential approach in the United States. d. He believes that we can only escape anxiety by exercising our freedom.
Q:
Viktor Frankl's approach to existential therapy is known as:a. individual psychology. b. logotherapy.c. reality therapy.d. redecision therapy.
Q:
When is the counseling process at its best from an existential viewpoint?
a. When the client feels comfortable enough to engage in shame-attacking exercises outside of counseling sessions.
b. When the deepest self of the therapist meets the deepest part of the client.
c. When the therapist uses his or her influence to convince the client to let go of his or her anxiety.
d. When sessions begin with progressive muscle relaxation exercises.
Q:
Existential therapists prefer to be thought of as:
a. an observer-technician.
b. philosophical companions, not as people who repair psyches.
c. a teacher and coach.
d. an advocate for social change.
Q:
Existential therapy is:a. a deterministic approach to therapy.b. an expansion of the Adlerian school of therapy. c. a phenomenological approach to therapy.d. a structured approach to therapy.
Q:
__________ emphasizes the subjective and spiritual dimensions of human existence. a. Existential analysisb. Existential anxiety c. Self-awarenessd. Existential guilt
Q:
In a group based on existential principles, clients learn all of the following, except:a. that there are no ultimate answers for ultimate concerns. b. to view themselves through others' eyes.c. to come to terms with the paradoxes of existence. d. that pain is not a reality of the human experience.
Q:
In regards to techniques, existential practitioners believe:a. free association is essential to the growth and healing of the client. b. no set of techniques is considered essential.c. analysis of dysfunctional family patterns is imperative. d. role playing is the most important technique used.
Q:
According to the existential viewpoint, death:
a. makes life absurd.
b. makes life meaningless and hopeless.
c. gives significance to living.
d. should not be explored in therapy.
Q:
The characteristic existential theme includes:
a. freedom and responsibility.
b. resistance.
c. transference.
d. examining irrational beliefs.
Q:
Philosophically, the existentialists would agree that:a. the final decisions and choices rest with the therapist. b. people do not redefine themselves by their choices.c. a person cannot go beyond early conditioning. d. making choices can create anxiety.
Q:
Which of the following was notpart of Stan's work in existential therapy?a. Challenging his feelings of lonelinessb. Working on his inauthentic relationship with his siblingsc. Confronting his responsibility for his drug and alcohol use d. Exploring Stan's human potential
Q:
Existential therapy is best considered as:a. an approach to understand the subjective world of the client. b. a school of therapy.c. a system of techniques designed to create authentic humans. d. a strategy for uncovering dysfunctional behavior.
Q:
Which is not an essential aim of existential-humanistic therapy?
a. To help clients become more present to both themselves and others
b. To assist clients in identifying ways they block themselves from fuller presence
c. To dispute clients' irrational beliefs
d. To challenge clients to assume responsibility for designing their present lives
Q:
The British scholar working to develop training programs in existential therapy is:
a. Roll May.
b. Irvin Yalom.
c. Emmy van Deurzen.
d. J. Michael Russell.
Q:
Finding the "courage to be" involves:
a. confronting a specific phobia.
b. learning to be alone.
c. discarding old values.
d. developing a will to move forward in spite of anxietyproducing situations.
Q:
The central goal of existential psychotherapy is to:
a. decrease selfawareness.
b. increase awareness.
c. help clients reject the responsibility of choosing.
d. keep the client from experiencing authentic existence.
Q:
Which person is not associated with the existential movement?a. Rollo Mayb. Victor Frankl c. Irvin Yalom d. B. F. Skinner
Q:
According to Adlerians, inferiority feelings:a. are pathological.b. lead to depression.c. keep us from achieving our life goals. d. create motivation to achieve mastery.
Q:
An Adlerian therapist asks for the client's earliest recollections in order to:a. provide a point of departure for the therapeutic venture.b. reveal their past and reintroduce the client to the pain and heartbreak of their basic mistakes. c. give clues as to the best way to steer the client to develop in a more positive way.d. gain a better understanding of what memories to not process during therapy.
Q:
The process of encouragement in Adlerian counseling includes all of the following except:
a. helping clients focus on their resources and strengths.
b. helping clients become aware of their assets and strengths rather than dealing continually with their deficits and liabilities.
c. helping clients recognize or accept their positive qualities.
d. helping clients understand their liabilities and weaknesses and process them in detail.
Q:
All of the following are stages in Adlerian counseling except:
a. reorientation.
b. insight.
c. establishing a therapeutic relationship.
d. analysis of resistance.
Q:
The statement "Only when I am perfect can I be secure" is an example of:
a. a guiding self-ideal.
b. something a personality disordered individual would say.
c. a realistic goal.
d. retroflection.
Q:
The social interest and community feeling refer to:a. an individual's attitude in dealing with their past.b. a sense of identification with others without empathy.c. individuals' striving for a better future for only themself.d. individuals' awareness of being part of the human community and to individuals' attitudes in dealing with the social world.
Q:
The purpose of examining a client's family constellation is to:
a. get a picture of the individual's early social world.
b. bring unconscious factors to the surface.
c. discover hereditary aspects of the client's behavior.
d. determine who else in the family needs help.
Q:
Dr. Jones told Emily that her efforts to overcome her fear of test taking at school will most likely lead her to outperform all of her classmates one day. This intervention was:a. appropriate because it was intended to bolster Emily's selfesteem and academic selfconcept.b. inappropriate because Dr. Jones was confusing Adler's notion of superiority with the idea that her client would become superior over others.c. not only unethical, it was illegal.d. inappropriate because Emily will never be able to outperform her classmates.
Q:
Which of the statements below about social interest is true?
a. While Adler considered social interest to be innate, he also believed that it must be learned, developed, and used.
b. Adler believed most people to be incapable of developing social interest even though it was something to which they should aspire.
c. In his later years, Adler recanted his beliefs about social interest and focused on addressing unconscious dynamics as the key to mental health.
d. The concept of social interest was originally introduced by Freud, and Adler incorporated it into his theory.
Q:
__________is often described as our perceptions regarding self, others, and the world, and includes the connecting themes and rules of interaction that give meaning to our actions.a. Striving for significance and superiorityb. Fictional finalismc. Lifestyled. Holistic concept
Q:
Adler taught that we must successfully master three universal life tasks. Which of the following is not one of these tasks?
a. Building friendships
b. Establishing intimacy
c. Contributing to society
d. Enhancing wellness
Q:
Adlerian therapists strive to establish and maintain an egalitarian therapeutic alliance and a person-to-person relationship with their clients.a. True b. False
Q:
Adlerian therapists realize that clients do not become discouraged and function effectively because of mistaken beliefs, faulty values, and useless or self-absorbed goals.a. True b. False
Q:
The typical second child behaves as if she was in a race and is generally under full steam at all times. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Adlerian psychology is a phenomenological, holistic, optimistic, and socially embedded theory based on basic assumptions that have been woven into various theories of counseling.a. True b. False
Q:
It is easy to overestimate the contributions of Adler to contemporary therapeutic practice. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Adlerian therapists use a psychoeducational approach. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The Adlerian approach to family counseling focuses on the family atmosphere. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The Adlerian approach has a wide variety of applications including group and family therapy. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Research supporting the effectiveness of the Adlerian approach is limited. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Adlerian views of birth order and family constellation are highly relevant to individuals from all cultural contexts. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Adlerians maintain that the priorities we choose arise from our personality strengths. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The concept of lifestyle refers to an individual's core beliefs and assumptions through which the person organizes his or her reality and finds meaning in life events.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Clients are viewed by Adlerian therapists as "sick" and in need of a cure.a. True b. False
Q:
"Fictional finalism" is a term that Adlerians use to describe our attitude in dealing with the social world.a. Trueb. False
Q:
One Adlerian concept is that everything we do is influenced by our style of life. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Adler stressed that our desire to strive for perfection is learned from our parents. a. Trueb. False
Q:
By discussing a client's earliest recollections, an Adlerian counselor hopes to bring unconscious conflicts to thesurface. a. True b. False
Q:
For Adlerian counselors, techniques are helpful when adapted to the needs of the client. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Adlerians emphasize reeducating people and reshaping society. a. Trueb. False
Q:
From the Adlerian perspective, objective reality is more important than how we interpret reality and the meanings we attach to what we experience.a. True b. False
Q:
Adlerians typically do not use techniques of interpretation, for they believe that clients can make their own interpretations without therapist intervention.a. True b. False
Q:
Encouragement is a part of the Adlerian counseling process. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Adlerian counseling focuses on the family constellation and the influence of the family on the individual. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Adlerians maintain that change is not possible without insight; understanding the causes of one's problems is a prerequisite to behavioral change.a. Trueb. False
Q:
In Adler's view we can be fully understood only in light of knowing the purposes and goals toward which we are striving.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Adler maintained that individuals attempt to overcome feelings of basic inferiority by developing a lifestyle in which success is possible.a. True b. False
Q:
Adlerian therapists pay careful focus to techniques and work in structured, set ways. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Adler and Freud created very different theories, even though both men grew up in the same city in the same era and were educated as physicians at the same university.a. True b. False
Q:
Adlerians have a teleological view of human nature. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Alfred Adler believed that genetics and heredity are not as important as what we choose to do with the abilities and limitations we possess.a. True b. False
Q:
During the reorientation and reeducation phase the most important intervention is:
a. change.
b. encouragement.
c. making a difference.
d. the pushbutton technique.
Q:
Individuals may believe that it is inappropriate to reveal:
a. family information.
b. personal information.
c. societal secrets.
d. cultural beliefs.
Q:
All of the following are characteristics that form the basis for an integrative framework in brief therapy except:
a. time limitation.
b. focus.
c. the assignment of behavioral tasks.
d. counselor indirectiveness.
Q:
Adlerian psychology is a_________, holistic, optimistic, and socially embedded theory based on basic assumptions that have woven into various theories of counseling.a. rationalb. phenomenologicalc. specificd. constructive
Q:
The_________sets forth the goals of the therapeutic process and specifies the responsibilities of both therapist and client.a. early recollectionsb. private logicc. therapeutic contractd. therapeutic goal
Q:
The Adlerian approach is well suited to multicultural counseling because the:a. approach encourages clients to define themselves within their social context. b. approach has few rigid techniques.c. focus on early recollections allows clients to explore their past. d. focus on a lifestyle assessment is appealing to most cultures.
Q:
Adlerian therapists strive to establish and maintain:a. an egalitarian therapeutic alliance and a person-to-person relationship with their clients. b. a legalistic therapeutic alliance and a person-to-person relationship with their clients.c. an egalitarian therapeutic alliance without a person-to-person relationship with their clients. d. a legalistic therapeutic alliance without a person-to-person relationship with their clients.
Q:
The premise of Adlerian group work is that:a. clients' problems are usually of a social nature.b. early childhood disturbances are at the root of the client's current problems.c. individuals are encouraged to become fully independent. d. insight, not action, is needed for change.
Q:
Which of the following would an Adlerian therapist particularly value?a. Interpretation of dreamsb. Confronting the ways the client is living dependently since early childhood c. Modeling of communication and acting in good faithd. Helping the client to work through the transference neurosis
Q:
The client's core experience in Adlerian therapy consists of:a. working through the transference relationship.b. discovering their basic mistakes and then learning how to correct them.c. understanding how their relationship with their parents has shaped their personality. d. understanding how their birth order has determined the person who they are today.
Q:
All of the following are life tasks that Adler taught we must successfully master except:a. building friendships.b. establishing intimacy.c. contributing to society.d. achieving self-actualization.
Q:
Which child tends to feel squeezed out and may develop a conviction that life is unfair and a feeling of being cheated a. Oldest childb. Second childc. Middle childd. Youngest child
Q:
Which child is most likely to demand center stage, tends to have difficulties in life when he or she is no longer the center of attention, and is likely to become dependently tied to the mother?a. Oldest child b. Second child c. Middle child d. Only child