Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Counseling
Q:
Accurate empathic understanding helps clients in all the following areas, except:a. to notice and devalue their experiences.b. to view prior experiences in new ways.c. to process their experience both cognitively and bodily.d. to increase their confidence in making choices and in pursuing a course of action.
Q:
Concerning research on psychotherapy and Carl Rogers, which of the following is nottrue?a. Rogers stated his concepts as testable hypotheses and submitted them to research. b. Rogers literally opened the field for psychotherapy research.c. Rogers inspired others to conduct extensive research on counseling process and outcome. d. Rogers did not conduct the research himself.
Q:
In the 1960s and 1970s Rogers did a great deal to spearhead the development of:a. organizational management seminars.b. private colleges aimed at training person-centered therapists. c. student-centered teaching and encounter groups.d. the National Training Laboratories and T-groups.
Q:
In person-centered group therapy, the leader:a. displays a sense of trust in the members.b. uses techniques and exercises to motivate the group. c. focuses on making interpretations.d. sets goals for the group members.
Q:
Therapists utilizing motivational interviewing strategies view clients as:
a. opponents to be defeated.
b. allies who play a major role in their present and future success.
c. victims of their own psychopathology who need to be liberated from their pain and dysfunction.
d. people who are lazy and need a powerful incentive to change their ways.
Q:
From Carl Rogers's perspective the client/therapist relationship is characterized by:
a. a sense of equality.
b. the transference relationship.
c. the therapist functioning as the expert.
d. a clearly defined contract that specifies what clients will talk about in the sessions.
Q:
The_________is a directional process of striving toward realization, fulfillment, autonomy, and self- determination. a. congruence tendencyb. empathic understandingc. actualizing tendencyd. actualizing understanding
Q:
From a person-centered perspective, the best source of knowledge about the client is the:
a. individual client.
b. therapist.
c. client's family.
d. therapeutic relationship.
Q:
A common theme originating in Carl Rogers's early writings and continuing to permeate all of his works is:a. the need to find meaning in life through love, work, or suffering.b. the need for a religion to find meaning in life.c. the importance of expressing feelings that stem from childhood issues.d. a basic sense of trust in the client's ability to move forward in a constructive manner if conditions fostering growth are present.
Q:
Carl Rogers drew heavily from existential concepts, especially as they apply to:a. the transference relationship.b. countertransference, or unfinished business of the counselor. c. the client/therapist relationship.d. guilt and anxiety.
Q:
Carl Rogers's position on confronting the client is that:
a. confrontation is to be avoided at all costs.
b. confrontation causes clients to stop growing.
c. confrontation reflects that the therapist has a need to be in control.
d. confrontation or resistance must be responded to in a nonconfrontational manner.
Q:
Which of the following is nottrue about the most recent trends in person-centered therapy?
a. It could be referred to as holistic therapy.
b. Acceptance and clarification are the main techniques used.
c. It emphasizes an increased involvement of the therapist as a person.
d. It allows the therapist greater freedom to be active in the therapeutic relationship.
Q:
Which of the following personal characteristics of the therapist is most important, according to Carl Rogers?
a. Unconditional positive regard
b. Acceptance
c. Genuineness
d. Accurate empathic understanding
Q:
According to Rogerian therapy, an "internal source of evaluation" is defined as:a. internalizing the validation one receives from others.b. looking more to oneself for the answers to the problems of existence. c. going on one's instincts when judging the behavior of others.d. a neurotic tendency to be self-critical.
Q:
Which of the following is the correct order in terms of the historical development of Carl Rogers's approach tocounseling?a. Client-centered to person-centered to nondirective b. Client-centered to nondirective to person-centered c. Nondirective to client-centered to person-centered d. Nondirective to person-centered to client-centered
Q:
Which of the following is nottrue about Carl Rogers?a. He was raised with strict religious standards in his home. b. He developed cognitive therapy.c. At one point in his life, he was preparing to enter the ministry. d. He made a contribution toward achieving world peace.
Q:
One point of disagreement between existential and humanistic thought involves:a. a respect for the client's subjective experience.b. a trust in the capacity of the client to make positive choices. c. an emphasis on freedom.d. the idea of an innate self-actualizing drive.
Q:
What is a limitation of person-centered therapy?a. The approach does not make use of research to study the process or outcomes of therapy.b. The therapist has more power to manipulate and control the client than is true of most other therapies. c. The approach does not emphasize the role of techniques in creating change in the client's behavior.d. The client is not given enough responsibility to direct the course of his or her own therapy.
Q:
In applying the person-centered approach to crisis intervention, therapists should do all of the following, except:a. communicate a deep sense of understanding. b. provide genuine support and warmth.c. use a more structured approach and provide clients with some direction.d. do not give the individual the opportunity to fully express themselves.
Q:
The person-centered therapist generally does not find traditional assessment and diagnosis:a. as a useful tool for case conceptualization.b. as a meaningful way of understanding of a client's psychological state.c. to be useful because these procedures encourage an external and expert perspective on the client. d. as a necessary process that does not impact the course of therapy.
Q:
A potential limitation of the person-centered approach is:
a. their view of assessment and diagnosis.
b. that some students-in-training and practitioners may have a tendency to be very supportive of clients without being challenging.
c. shortcomings of the studies of the approach.
d. the continual evolution of the approach leads to unclear therapeutic principles.
Q:
The technique of reflection involves the therapist:
a. restating the client's words verbatim.
b. sharing his or her genuine emotional response with the client.
c. mirroring the client's emotional experience of a particular situation.
d. bringing an actual mirror into the session and having a client look at himself or herself in the mirror.
Q:
In order for a therapist to communicate "accurate empathic understanding" the counselor must:
a. have experienced a situation very similar to the client's current predicament.
b. clarify details and facts relevant to the client's experiences.
c. feel a deep sense of warmth toward the client.
d. connect emotionally to the client's subjective world.
Q:
Which of the statements below regarding Motivational Interviewing is notaccurate?
a. MI was initially designed as a brief intervention for problem drinking.
b. MI stresses client self-responsibility and promotes an invitational style for working cooperatively with clients to generate alternative solutions to behavioral problems.
c. MI was developed by Maslow in the late 70s after he created his theory on self-actualization.
d. MI therapists avoid arguing with clients and reframe resistance as a healthy response.
Q:
The person-centered therapist is best described as a:
a. facilitator.
b. teacher.
c. human engineer.
d. friend.
Q:
Which of the following is nota key concept of the person-centered approach?a. The focus is on experiencing the immediate moment.b. In a climate of safety in the therapeutic session, the client comes to realize that there are more authentic ways of being.c. The client is primarily responsible for the direction of therapy. d. The focus is on exploration of a client's past.
Q:
Which statement(s) is (are) trueof the person-centered approach?a. Therapists should give advice when clients need it.b. The techniques a therapist uses are less important than his or her attitudes. c. Therapists should function largely as teachers.d. Therapy is primarily the therapist's responsibility.
Q:
Which of the following is notconsidered a necessary and sufficient condition for change in the person-centered framework?
a. Unconditional positive regard
b. Creative expression
c. Accurate empathetic understanding
d. Congruence
Q:
Carlos, an eight year old boy, was recently removed from his home because he was being physically and sexually abused by his father. In accordance with Maslow's framework, which needs took precedence?a. Physical and safety needsb. Belonging and lovec. Esteem from self and othersd. Selfactualization
Q:
What is the most important factor related to progress in person-centered therapy?a. Defining concrete and measurable goals b. The therapist's technical skillsc. The relationship between the client and therapistd. The therapist's ability to think logically and to scientifically solve problems
Q:
The ______________that recently has come into prominence shares many concepts on the healthy side of human existence with the humanistic approach.
a. positive psychology movement
b. object relations approach
c. dialectical behavior therapy approach
d. applied behavior analysis movement
Q:
Personcentered therapy is a(n):
a. actionoriented approach to therapy.
b. humanistic approach to therapy.
c. existential approach to therapy.
d. deterministic approach to therapy.
Q:
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the person-centered approach?a. The focus is on the phenomenological world of the client. b. It is supported by evidence from ongoing research.c. The client-centered approach emphasized the role of the therapist as a facilitator of growth and honored the inherent power of the client.d. Emphasis is given to developing a contract for therapy.
Q:
Characteristics of a self-actualized person include all of the following, except:
a. welcomes uncertainty in his or her life.
b. has a capacity for deep and intense interpersonal relationships.
c. has artificial dichotomies within himself or herself.
d. is spontaneous and creative.
Q:
Personcentered therapy is best described as a:
a. completed "school" of counseling.
b. fixed set of therapeutic principles.
c. systematic set of behavioral techniques.
d. philosophy of how the therapy process develops.
Q:
The personcentered approach's view of human nature:
a. views people as basically competitive.
b. states that humans are driven by irrational forces.
c. emphasizes clients' abilities to engage their own resources to act in their world with others.
d. assumes that, while humans have the potential for growth, we tend to remain stagnant.
Q:
Failure to move through anxiety results in neurotic anxiety. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Freedom implies that we are responsible for the lives of others around us. a. Trueb. False
Q:
A distinctly human characteristic is the struggle for a sense of peace. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The core of the therapeutic relationship is respect. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Existential therapy is especially useful in working with culturally diverse populations because of its focus on individuality.a. True b. False
Q:
Currently, there is wide-ranging international interest in the existential approach to psychotherapy. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The existential vacuum represents a place of reflection and solace. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Existential therapy is rarely used for group treatment. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The existential approach can be used in a brief therapy context. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Existentially, humans both long for and wish to escape from their freedom. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Existential therapy is especially appropriate for clients who are struggling with developmental crises. a. Trueb. False
Q:
In the existential framework, inaction is a decision. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The existential view is not designed to "cure" people of illness in the tradition of the medical model because people are not sick but are "sick of life or clumsy at living."a. True b. False
Q:
Existential guilt is being aware of having evaded a commitment, or having chosen not to choose. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Martin Buber stressed the importance of presence, which allows for the creation of I/Thou relationships in therapy. a. Trueb. False
Q:
This approach puts emphasis on the human quality of the therapeutic relationship. a. Trueb. False
Q:
A major criticism of the existential approach is that it lacks a systematic statement of the principles and practices of psychotherapy.a. True b. False
Q:
According to the existential view, death makes life meaningless. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Existentialists claim that the use of specific techniques is the cornerstone of the approach. a. Trueb. False
Q:
During the initial phase of counseling, existentially oriented therapists assist clients in identifying and clarifying their assumptions about the world.a. True b. False
Q:
Existential anxiety is the unavoidable result of being confronted with the "givens of existence."a. True b. False
Q:
From the existential viewpoint, anxiety is seen as a neurotic manifestation; thus the aim of therapy is to eliminate anxiety so clients can live comfortably.a. True b. False
Q:
According to existential thinking, effective therapy does not stop with awareness, for clients are challenged to take action based on their insights.a. True b. False
Q:
Existential therapists strive to be their authentic selves when working with clients. a. Trueb. False
Q:
In the existential approach, techniques are primary, while subjective understanding of clients is secondary. a. Trueb. False
Q:
A central existential concept is that although we long for freedom we often try to escape from our freedom by defining ourselves as a fixed or static entity.a. True b. False
Q:
Existential therapy grew out of a reaction to the limitations of both the psychoanalytic and deterministic stance.a. True b. False
Q:
The outcomes of existential therapy have been submitted to rigorous empirical testing. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Existential therapy can best be considered as a system of highly developed techniques designed to foster authenticity.a. True b. False
Q:
Rollo May has been instrumental in translating some concepts drawn from existential philosophy and applying them to psychotherapy.a. True b. False
Q:
Time-limited existential treatments:a. can serve as a catalyst for clients to become actively and fully involved in each therapy session. b. are by definition, lacking in depth and richness.c. lack structure and clear goals.d. are well studied and shown to be effective.
Q:
Existential therapy groups are particularly helpful for clients working on:a. self-actualization.b. issues of responsibility.c. reducing problematic behaviors. d. exploring family dynamics.
Q:
The existential approach is particularly well-suited to clients who:a. are dealing with grief and loss. b. are victims of oppression.c. have limited intellectual capacities. d. suffer from severe mental illness.
Q:
From a scientific perspective, existential psychotherapy:a. is well researched.b. lends itself easily to evaluation due to its clearly defined principles and techniques. c. fits well into the framework of evidence-based practice.d. is difficult to research because every psychotherapy experience is unique.
Q:
From a multicultural perspective, some clients may reject this approach because: a. it is founded on abstract, westernized notions that are not widely applicable. b. their life circumstances provide them with truly limited choices.c. death anxiety is not a central issue in all cultures.d. the use of techniques may be overwhelming for them.
Q:
In the book Staring at the Sun: Overcoming the Terror of Death(2008),________________ develops the idea that confronting death enables us to live in a more compassionate way.a. Martin Buber b. Justin Bieber c. Irvin Yalomd. Stephen King
Q:
When working with a client living a restricted existence, an existential therapist would likely:
a. explore the developmental origins of these feelings.
b. develop a specific behavioral plan to help the client get "unstuck."
c. encourage the client to do a shame-attacking exercise.
d. make the client aware of how his or her current ways of living are keeping him or her stuck.
Q:
The goals of existential therapy include all but______________.a. to help clients become more present to both themselves and others.b. to assist clients in identifying ways they block themselves from fuller presence. c. helping clients to eliminate anxiety in their lives.d. to encourage clients to choose more expanded ways of being in their daily lives.
Q:
Being alone is a process by which we do all of the following except:a. learn to tolerate feelings of isolation. b. develop strength and self-reliance.c. develop a deep understanding of ourselves. d. reject the social overtures of others.
Q:
Which of the following is notconsidered a basic dimension of the human condition?a. Capacity for self-awarenessb. Striving for acceptance of othersc. Establishing meaningful relationships with others d. Freedom and responsibility
Q:
Which of the following is notan example of how existential therapy is unlike many other therapies?a. It does not have a well-defined set of techniques.b. It stresses the I/Thou encounter in the therapy process.c. It focuses on the use of the specific techniques created for this theory. d. It allows for incorporation of techniques from many other approaches.
Q:
The therapist's presence is:
a. a condition of therapeutic change.
b. a goal of therapeutic change.
c. both a condition and a goal of therapeutic change.
d. neither a condition nor a goal of therapeutic change.
Q:
For Sartre, existential guilt is what we experience when we:a. do not live by the Ten Commandments. b. fail to think about the welfare of others.c. allow others to define us or to make our choices for us. d. reflect on all that we might have done and failed to do.
Q:
A statement that best illustrates "bad faith" is:a. Naturally I"m this way, because I grew up in an alcoholic family.b. I will not consider others in the choices I make. c. I must live by commitments I make.d. I am responsible for the choices that I make.