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Q:
_________are preplanned activities that can be used to elicit emotion, produce action, or achieve a specific goal.a. Cathartic eventsb. Faulty experimentsc. Exercisesd. Conflicting opinions
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the Gestalt group leader's roles?a. Designing experiments for group membersb. Evoking group catharsisc. Engaging in self-disclosured. Facilitating contact in the group setting
Q:
Because of his need to be liked, Jose makes careful efforts to get along with everyone and minimize interpersonal conflicts. Which boundary disturbance is Jose exhibiting?
a. Introjection
b. Projection
c. Retroflection
d. Confluence
Q:
A teenage girl is angry with her parents and cuts on her arm. In Gestalt terms, she is most likely engaging in:
a. introjection.
b. projection.
c. retroflection.
d. confluence.
Q:
Which of the following is notone of Miriam Polster's three stages in her integration sequence?a. Reunificationb. Discoveryc. Assimilationd. Accommodation
Q:
The empty chair technique:a. assists clients in deciding what chair they like. b. is a vehicle for the technique of role reversal.c. allows clients to internalize a role and not share. d. does not help resolve unfinished business.
Q:
Which of the following Gestalt techniques involves asking one person in a group to speak to each of the other group members?a. The rehearsal exercise b. The reversal technique c. Making the roundsd. The exaggeration technique
Q:
Which of the following is nottrue about the Gestalt view of the role of confrontation in therapy?a. It is not possible to be both confrontational and gentle with clients.b. It is important to confront clients with the ways they are avoiding being fully alive. c. Confrontation does not have to be aimed at negative traits.d. Confrontation should be a genuine expression of caring.
Q:
Which of the following aspects of a client's use of language would a Gestalt therapist notfocus on?a. "It" talkb. "You" talk c. Questions d. Semantics
Q:
The five different kinds of contact boundary disturbances include all of the following, except:a. retroflection.b. projection. c. introjection. d. introflection.
Q:
Which of the following is nottrue about Fritz Perls?a. He was the main originator and developer of Gestalt therapy. b. During his childhood, he was a model student.c. He was influenced by psychoanalytic concepts.d. He took issue with Freud's theory on a number of grounds.
Q:
Which of the following is nottrue about Gestalt techniques?
a. "Exercises" are readymade techniques.
b. "Experiments" grow out of the interaction between therapist and client.
c. Clients need to be prepared for their involvement in Gestalt techniques.
d. Experiments are always carried out during the therapy session, rather than outside it.
Q:
In Gestalt therapy, the relationship between client and counselor is seen as:a. the heart of therapy.b. a place for the therapist to work on personal issues. c. not being an I/Thou interaction.d. technique bound.
Q:
According to Gestalt theory, all of the following are true about contact except:a. contact is necessary for change and growth to occur.b. one maintains a sense of individuality as a result of good contact. c. withdrawal after a good contact experience indicates neurosis.d. contact is made by seeing, hearing, smelling, touching, and moving.
Q:
Empirical support for Gestalt therapy is:
a. weak.
b. welldeveloped.
c. becoming stronger.
d. unavailable.
Q:
According to Gestalt theory, people use avoidance in order to:a. help assist them in facing unfinished business. b. keep from feeling uncomfortable emotions.c. help them work to change. d. help express feelings openly.
Q:
A contribution of this therapeutic approach is:a. it enables intense experiencing to occur over a long period of time. b. it can be a relatively long therapy.c. it stresses talking about problems, as opposed to doing and experiencing.d. the exciting way in which the past is dealt with in a lively manner by bringing relevant aspects into the present.
Q:
According to the Gestalt perspective, if people do not remember their dreams:
a. they may be refusing to face what is wrong with their lives.
b. that suggests they have no internal conflicts.
c. they are sound sleepers.
d. they lack creativity.
Q:
The basic goal of Gestalt therapy is:a. attaining awareness and contact with the environment. b. to understand why we feel as we do.c. to uncover repressed material.d. to help clients develop better social skills.
Q:
The paradoxical theory of behavior change suggests:
a. we change by setting future-oriented goals.
b. clients should pay particular attention to becoming the person they wish to be.
c. careful attention should devoted to changing behavior in the moment it is happening.
d. authentic change occurs more from being who we are than from trying to be who we are not.
Q:
Mariah tells her therapist, a Gestaltist, that she dreamt she got married to a pit bull and felt uneasy about telling her parents that she married a dog. When her parents discovered their son-in-law was a pit bull, they disowned her and suddenly became dogs themselves. In response to this dream, Mariah's therapist:
a. may need to contact a psychiatric hospital (and possibly an animal shelter) since it is likely Mariah unconsciously desires to marry a dog.
b. should interpret the dream for her client.
c. should assist her client in reliving the dream as though it was happening in the now and have her become each part of the dream.
d. should encourage her client to forget the dream since it was meaningless.
Q:
A Gestalt technique that is most useful when a person attempts to deny an aspect of his or her personality (such as tenderness) is:
a. making the rounds.
b. the reversal exercise.
c. the rehearsal exercise.
d. the empty chair technique.
Q:
Often Greta, who struggles to feel good about herself, comes to sessions with slouched posture. In order to help Greta gain a clearer understanding of the inner meaning of her slouched posture, a Gestalt therapist might:a. ask Greta to exaggerate her poor posture, which is likely to intensify her feelings attached to it.b. have Greta undergo hypnosis.c. ask Greta to free associate to the words "slouched posture."d. refer her to an orthopedic surgeon to rule out scoliosis.
Q:
When a person experiences an internal conflict (namely a conflict between top dog and underdog), which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?a. Making the roundsb. The reversal techniquec. The internal dialogue exercise d. The rehearsal exercise
Q:
In Gestalt theory, the experiment is:
a. a specific technique of therapy.
b. tailored to fit the client's unique needs and presented in an invitational manner.
c. a ready-made exercise used to achieve a behavioral goal.
d. a scientific procedure to assess the effectiveness of therapy.
Q:
The Gestalt therapist:a. freely makes interpretations for the client.b. pays attention to the client's nonverbal language. c. is mainly nondirective.d. helps the client understand why he or she is behaving in self-defeating ways.
Q:
A critical difference between early Gestalt therapy and relational Gestalt therapy is the:a. emphasis on contact.b. approach to confrontation. c. use of techniques.d. focus on the figure formation process.
Q:
It is essential that counselors establish a relationship with their clients, so that the clients will:a. be less divulging during an assessment. b. be less focused on the here and now.c. feel trusting enough to participate in the learning that can result from Gestalt experiments.d. be more willing to be involved in process-oriented diagnosis.
Q:
Erving Polster believes that storytelling:
a. is always a form of resistance.
b. can be the heart of the therapeutic process.
c. is acceptable only if one's client is a writer.
d. is an indication that one's client is a pathological liar.
Q:
Prerequisites for good contact involves all of the following except:
a. zest.
b. creativity.
c. imagination.
d. projection.
Q:
Field theory asserts that:a. the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.b. human beings have a innate capacity to self regulate.c. the organism must be seen in its environment, or in its context, as part of the constantly changing field. d. phenomenological inquiry is the key to behavior change.
Q:
Gestalt therapy is a form of:a. Freudian psychoanalytic therapy. b. neo-Freudian analytic therapy.c. behavior therapy. d. existential therapy.
Q:
Who among the following is not considered a relational Gestalt therapist?
a. Fritz Perls
b. Laura Perls
c. Miriam Polster
d. Erving Polster
Q:
Gestalt group therapists use experiments to encourage clients to move from talking about action to taking action. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Although Perls used a highly confrontational approach in dealing with client avoidance and resistance, the confrontational model is not representative of contemporary Gestalt therapy.a. True b. False
Q:
Genuine knowledge is the product of what the person understands of the situation of another.a. True b. False
Q:
In Gestalt terms, awareness refers to our connectedness to our external and internal worlds. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Since Gestalt therapy focuses on the here-and-now, the past is neither explored nor given emphasis. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Gestalt therapy is lively and promotes direct experiencing rather than the abstractness of talking about situations.a. True b. False
Q:
A current trend in Gestalt therapy is toward greater emphasis on the client/therapist relationship rather than on techniques.a. True b. False
Q:
People who rely on retroflection tend to inhibit themselves from taking action out of fear of embarrassment, guilt, and resentment.a. True b. False
Q:
In Gestalt therapy, a client's resistance is welcomed and used to deepen their therapeutic work.a. True b. False
Q:
Retroflection involves doing to others what we would like them to do to us. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Blocked energy is a form of defensive behavior.a. True b. False
Q:
Gestalt therapies view a client's avoidance behavior as related to unfinished business.a. True b. False
Q:
Most of the Gestalt techniques are designed to intensify one's experiencing.a. True b. False
Q:
Maslow believed not enough research was being conducted on anxiety, hostility, and neuroses and too much into joy, creativity, and self-fulfillment.a. Trueb. False
Q:
The underlying vision of humanistic philosophy is captured by the metaphor of how an acorn will automatically grow in positive ways, pushed naturally toward its actualization as an oak.a. True b. False
Q:
Immediacy is highly valued in the person-centered approacha. True b. False
Q:
Empathy is a deep and subjective understanding of the client with the client.a. True b. False
Q:
Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) emerged as a behavioral approach informed by understanding the role of an emotion in human functioning and psychotherapeutic change.a. True b. False
Q:
The person-centered model has been widely adapted to include such areas as family therapy, crisis counseling and classroom education.a. True b. False
Q:
The person-centered approach is not particularly well-suited to multi-cultural counseling. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Maslow postulated a hierarchy of needs as a source of motivation, with the most basic needs being physiological needs.a. True b. False
Q:
Natalie Rogers is no longer an active contributor to the person-centered approach. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The person-centered approach places emphasis on the necessary and sufficient conditions for change. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Person-centered therapy groups emphasize the unique role of the group counselor as a leader. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Carl Rogers encouraged counselors to use a nonconfrontational manner with their clients. a. Trueb. False
Q:
An assumption of personcentered therapy is that the counselor's presence is far more powerful than techniques he or she uses to facilitate change.a. Trueb. False
Q:
The term "presence" refers to the counselor's ability to be fully engaged in the therapeutic relationship with the client.a. Trueb. False
Q:
When Rogers challenged the basic assumption that "the counselor knows best," he thought that this radical idea would affect the power dynamics and politics of the counseling profession, but to his surprise, it did not.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Person-centered expressive arts therapy can be used in both group and individual contexts. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The person-centered model has become stagnant and shows little sign of evolution. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The person-centered approach evolved from a nondirective therapy to an experiential therapy. a. Trueb. False
Q:
If the therapeutic core conditions exist over some period of time, constructive personality change will not occur. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Accurate empathic understanding implies an objective understanding of a client. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Therapists who have little respect for their clients can anticipate that their therapeutic work will not be fruitful. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The concept of unconditional positive regard implies that therapists develop an accepting and approving attitude toward all actions taken by their clients.a. True b. False
Q:
Therapists are encouraged to use positive regard for clients only as a means of shaping their behavior. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Congruence is a basic characteristic of effective therapists. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Carl Rogers is often called the "father of psychotherapy research."a. True b. False
Q:
Free association and dream analysis are a typical part of the personcentered therapist's procedures.a. True b. False
Q:
According to Carl Rogers, personality change occurs only when clients develop insight into the origin of their personality problems.a. True b. False
Q:
The person-centered approach is based on a set of specific therapeutic techniques designed to promote behavior change.a. True b. False
Q:
Carl Rogers's approach is based on the assumptions that humans are trustworthy and that clients desire to grow.a. True b. False
Q:
Carl Rogers's original emphasis was on reflection of feelings expressed by the client.a. True b. False
Q:
A factor that distinguishes the person-centered approach to group counseling from other approaches is the:
a. therapist's role as facilitator.
b. length of treatment.
c. focus on creating a collaborative spirit.
d. focus on building genuine relationships among members.
Q:
Patrick has been confronted by family members and friends about his excessive gambling. Despite their attempts to help him, he insists that they are overreacting and that he has everything under control. He does not feel the need to alter his behaviors. Patrick is at which stage of change?
a. Precontemplation
b. Contemplation
c. Preparation
d. Action
Q:
Methods of expressive arts therapy are based on humanistic principles. Which of the following principles is notone?a. Releasing creative energy is based on the principle of regression. b. The creative process is transformative and healing.c. The expressive arts lead us into the unconscious. d. Our feelings and emotions are a source of energy.
Q:
Adrianne, who is uncertain about her career goals and is afraid to commit to any career path, is working with a therapist who specializes in using motivational interviewing strategies. What will her therapist look for in order to assess the success of therapy?a. An improvement in Adrianne's ability to block negative thoughts about her career optionsb. A reduction in Adrianne's ambivalence about choosing a career path and an increase in her intrinsic motivation to clarify her directionc. Progress in working through unconscious conflicts related to commitmentd. A willingness on Adrianne's part to examine her family constellation in order to deepen her understanding of her reasons for her lack of direction