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Counseling
Q:
Psychotherapy is a process of engagement between two people, both of whom are bound to change through the therapeutic venture.
Q:
Both family therapy and feminist therapy are based on the premise that to understand the individual it is essential to take into consideration the interpersonal dimensions and the sociocultural context rather than focusing primarily on the intrapsychic domain.
Q:
All of the following are characteristics of the behavioral approaches except:a. behavior therapy relies on the principles and procedures of the scientific method. b. behavior therapy specifies treatment goals in concrete and objective terms.c. behavior therapy focuses on the client's current problems and the factors influencing them.d. behavior therapy employs the same procedures to every client with a particular dysfunctional behavior.
Q:
Since Corey challenges the deterministic notion that humans are the product of their early conditioning and, thus, are victims of their past, he believes that an exploration of the past is rarely useful.
Q:
___________is a key pioneer of clinical behavior therapy because of his broadening of its conceptual bases and development of multimodal therapy.a. Albert Bandurab. Joseph Wolpec. B.F. Skinnerd. Arnold Lazarus
Q:
In dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), skills are taught in four modules. Which among the following is notone of the modules listed in the text?
a. Mindfulness
b. Interpersonal effectiveness
c. Emotional regulation
d. Relapse prevention
Q:
An integrative perspective is not developed in a random fashion.
Q:
An undisciplined mixture of approaches can be an excuse for failing to develop a sound rationale for systematically adhering to certain concepts and to the techniques that are extensions of them.
Q:
____________ involves the escape from or the avoidance of unpleasant stimuli. a. Negative reinforcementb. Positive reinforcementc. Punishmentd. Systematic desensitization
Q:
The situation in which behaviors are influenced mainly by the consequences that follow them is:a. classical conditioning. b. operant conditioning. c. modeling.d. flooding.
Q:
Which of the following is not an issue that Stan struggles with?
a. fear of being alone
b. fear of intimate relationships with women
c. substance use
d. lacking a sense of direction and meaning in his life
e. aggressive outbursts
Q:
Effective psychotherapy is a practice in which:
a. the therapist solves problems for clients.
b. the therapist is merely a skilled technician.
c. the client and therapist collaborate in co-constructing solutions to problems.
d. the client is in complete control of the direction of the therapy.
Q:
Wolpe's systematic desensitization is based on the principles of:a. classical conditioning. b. operant conditioning. c. modeling.d. motivational interviewing.
Q:
A comprehensive approach to counseling:
a. goes beyond focusing on our internal dynamics and addresses those environmental and systemic realities that influence us.
b. focuses almost exclusively on the client's internal dynamics.
c. focuses primarily on the therapist's internal reactions to the client's behavior.
d. focuses only on systemic factors.
Q:
Mindfulness is:
a. the awareness that emerges through having attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally, to the unfolding or experience moment by moment.
b. the assessment process in multimodal therapy.
c. under the idea that change can be brought about by teaching people to use coping skills in problematic situations.
d. not beneficial for clients with behavioral problems.
Q:
Which of the following statements best describes the author's view of the medical model?
a. Corey appreciates the focus on psychopathology and believes it gives clinicians the tools to assess what's wrong with clients.
b. A focus on the medical model restricts therapeutic practice because it stresses deficits rather than strengths.
c. The medical model emphasizes strengths and competencies rather than psychopathology.
d. The medical model is especially relevant for culturally diverse client populations.
Q:
During the 1980s, behavior therapy:a. continued without growing.b. was characterized by a search for new horizons in concepts and methods that went beyond traditional learning theory.c. adopted a stronger medical perspective.d. realized applying behavior therapy principles to prevention of disease and illness would not be beneficial.
Q:
Behavior therapy has been criticized for a variety of reasons. Which of the following is one listed in the book?a. Behavior therapy has an overemphasis on feeling and the neglect of cognition. b. Behavior therapy has an overemphasis upon insight.c. Behavior therapy may change behaviors, but it does not change feelings. d. Behavior therapy has a need for long-term treatment to effect change.
Q:
Francesca, a cognitive behavioral therapist, likes to give homework assignments to her clients. What might her rationale be for doing this?
a. Homework can be a vehicle for assisting her clients in putting into action what they are learning in therapy.
b. By assigning homework to her clients, she establishes her clear authority over them (as if she is their teacher).
c. She is probably a novice therapist who is insecure about her skills; thus, by assigning homework, she may feel like she is being more productive.
d. In order to be reimbursed by insurance companies, Francesca is required to give her clients homework assignments.
Q:
Which approach was developed during the 1940s as a nondirective reaction against psychoanalysis?
a. person-centered therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. Adlerian therapy
d. reality therapy
e. cognitive therapy
Q:
Multimodal therapy is a therapeutic approach that is grounded on:a. cognitive behavior therapy.b. social cognitive learning theory. c. applied behavior analysis.d. operant conditioning.
Q:
Which of the following distinguishes the cognitive trend in behavior therapy from the trends of classical and operant conditioning?a. A focus on experimental analysisb. A focus on evaluating therapeutic proceduresc. Developing procedures that give control to clients and thus increase their range of freedom d. The integration of mindfulness approaches as a basic part of any treatment procedure
Q:
Which of these statements about interventions is true?
a. It is helpful to use one type of intervention with most clients.
b. During the course of an individual's therapy, different interventions may be needed at different times.
c. It is best to require clients to adapt to your approach to counseling and the interventions that you are skilled at using.
d. You should only use counseling interventions when you are certified or licensed.
Q:
Which of the following behavior therapists is credited with developing the social cognitive learning model, doing much work on observational learning and modeling, and writing about self-efficacy?a. Bandura b. Linehan c. Wolped. Jacobson
Q:
What type of factors oftentimes limit our freedom of choice?
a. social
b. environmental
c. cultural
d. biological
e. all of these
Q:
Which of the following statements about theories or models of counseling/ psychotherapy is true?
a. Extensive research has shown that certain popular models of psychotherapy are "wrong."
b. There is a clear place for theoretical pluralism in our society.
c. Accepting the validity of one model implies rejecting the validity of other models.
d. Theoretical pluralism has been frowned on by several major professional organizations.
Q:
In terms of ethical accountability, behavior therapy:a. does not address this issue.b. is ethically neutral in that it does not dictate whose behavior or what behavior should be changed. c. offers a greater chance of abusing interventions than do other approaches.d. makes use of techniques that have questionable validity.
Q:
Which of the following is true about "technical eclecticism" in multimodal therapy?a. Therapists borrow techniques exclusively from the social learning model.b. Therapists use techniques from a variety of theories to a wide range of problems. c. The client is fit into a predetermined treatment.d. It is considered confusing to the client.
Q:
The author makes a case for:
a. initially getting an overview of the major theoretical orientations, and then delving more deeply into each approach.
b. delving deeply into one approach initially and then taking a superficial look at other theoretical models.
c. learning the theories of counseling only after starting to work with clients in order to make the theories more relevant.
d. the reader to choose the approach to which s/he subscribes.
Q:
Presenting one model to which all trainees subscribe
a. is what the counseling profession endorses at present.
b. is likely to be a reality by the year 2020 when the CACREP standards are revisited.
c. is dangerous in that it can limit their effectiveness in working with a diverse range of future clients.
d. is illegal in the Northeastern region of the U.S., but not in other parts of the country.
Q:
________is a comprehensive, systematic, holistic approach to behavior therapy developed by the late Arnold Lazarus.a. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing b. Social skills trainingc. Self-managementd. Multimodal therapy
Q:
What is nota part of the steps in a self-directed change program?
a. Exploration of one's family constellation
b. Selecting goals
c. Selfmonitoring
d. A self-reinforcement system
Q:
Which humanistic approach emphasizes the basic attitudes of the therapist as the
core of the therapeutic process?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. person-centered therapy
d. cognitive-behavioral therapy
e. family therapy
Q:
Which one of the following is not associated with the cognitive-behavioral action-oriented therapies?
a. existential therapy
b. cognitive therapy
c. reality therapy
d. behavior therapy
e. rational emotive behavior therapy
Q:
Which one of the following is not considered an experiential and relationship-oriented therapy?
a. Gestalt therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. existential approach
d. person-centered approach
Q:
Phil has been in behavior therapy to address his fear of heights. The treatment will not be considered complete until:a. Phil transfers what he learns in therapy to his everyday life and takes actual steps to confront his fear.b. Phil agrees to take up sky diving as a hobby.c. Phil has absolutely no fear of heights, which may be measured by his willingness to move to one of the top floors of a skyscraper.d. Phil acknowledges his fear.
Q:
Which of the following is nottrue about how behavior therapists function in the therapeutic setting?a. They use techniques such as summarizing, reflection, clarification, and open-ended questioning. b. They focus on using a variety of techniques in narrowly treating specific behavioral problems.c. They complete a formal assessment prior to treatment to determine behaviors that are targets for change. d. They serve as a model for the client and do not require behavioral change in the client.
Q:
Synthesizing the approaches covered in the text:
a. can easily be accomplished after taking an introductory course.
b. is usually mastered by the end of the first year of one's graduate program.
c. often requires many years of study, training, and practical counseling experience.
d. rarely, if ever, happens and is a completely unrealistic goal.
Q:
B. F. Skinner is associated with which of the following trends in the behavioral approach?a. Classical conditioning b. Operant conditioning c. Multimodal therapyd. Dialectical behavior therapy
Q:
Who has done most of the work in the area of modeling?a. Joseph Wolpe b. Hans Eysenck c. E. Jacobsond. Albert Bandura
Q:
Which of the following is nota basic characteristic of behavior therapy?a. Treatment goals are specific and concrete. b. It is grounded in learning theory.c. Many specific techniques are supported by research. d. The therapist is manipulative and controlling.
Q:
Which statement is not true?a. Because cognitive factors have a place in the practice of behavior therapy, techniques from this approach can be used to attain humanistic ends.b. Contemporary behavior therapy is grounded on a scientific view of human behavior.c. Behavioral methods can be applied to a diverse client population.d. Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with therapists' behavioral control.
Q:
In the ABC model, the A stands for:
a. arbitrary behaviors.
b. antecedents.
c. actions.
d. assessment.
Q:
Behavior therapists look to the current environmental events that maintain problem behaviors and help clients produce behavior change by changing environmental events, through a process called:a. functional assessment.b. motivational interviewing.c. mindfulness-based stress reduction.d. reorientation.
Q:
Which anxiety reduction technique involves creating a hierarchy of the client's fearful experiences?a. Assertive trainingb. Operant conditioningc. Systematic desensitization d. Social reinforcement
Q:
All of the following are true about social skills training except: a. it is a psychoeducational approach to interpersonal growth. b. it involves modeling and direct instruction and coaching.c. it uses role playing exercises to simulate social situations. d. it requires clients to engage in catharsis.
Q:
Which of the following is nottrue regarding behavior therapy?a. The client must be an active participant.b. The client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques.c. If clients are not involved or motivated, the chances are slim that therapy will be successful. d. Both therapist and client need to work together for common goals.
Q:
Which of the following interventions is notassociated with the third wave of behavior therapy?a. Dialectical behavior therapy b. Relaxation trainingc. Acceptance and commitment therapy d. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy
Q:
All of the following are functions of the behavior therapist, except:a. to provide modeling for the client.b. to provide a direct and therapist run therapeutic environment. c. to assess specific behavior problems.d. to provide reinforcement for clients.
Q:
Which is nottrue of the relationship between therapist and client in behavior therapy?a. The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals. b. The relationship is considered collaborative.c. Therapist and client work together in a warm and flexible manner.d. The therapeutic relationship is an important factor in treatment outcomes.
Q:
The general goals of behavior therapy are:a. fostering self-actualization.b. expanding self-understanding and insight.c. assisting clients in making value judgments concerning their behavior. d. to increase personal choice and to create new conditions for learning.
Q:
Michael believes that he will be able to improve his public speaking skills after completing a speech course at school. Based on social-cognitive theory, one might observe that Michael is not lacking in:
a. arrogance and grandiosity.
b. intelligence.
c. selfefficacy.
d. cognitive functioning.
Q:
Behavior therapy is based on:a. an experimental analysis of behavior in the client's own social environment.b. a systematic set of concepts.c. a well-developed theory of personality. d. the principle of self-actualization.
Q:
Behavior therapy is characterized by all of the following, except:a. a focus on overt specific behavior.b. a formulation of precise treatment goals. c. the subjective diagnosis of the therapist.d. the design of an appropriate treatment plan.
Q:
Behavior therapy assumes that:a. behavior is the result of unconscious forces. b. behavior is the result of free choices.c. behavior is determined by psychic energy. d. behavior is learned.
Q:
Behavior therapy is associated with all but one of the following:a. empirically supported treatments. b. functional analysis of behavior.c. a philosophical view of human behavior. d. a comprehensive assessment process.
Q:
Part of success in using Gestalt techniques is contingent upon preparing clients for these techniques. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Gestalt techniques can be considered experiments. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Gestalt therapy focuses on the cognitive aspects of therapy. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Gestaltists typically ask why questions in the attempt to get clients to think about the source of their problems.a. Trueb. False
Q:
The goal of Gestalt therapy is to solve basic problems, to resolve one's polarities, and to help the individual to adjust to his or her environment.a. Trueb. False
Q:
One of the contributions of Gestalt therapy is the vast empirical research that has been done to validate the specific techniques used.a. True b. False
Q:
Gestalt therapy is designed for individual counseling, and it typically does not work well in groups. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Since Gestalt therapists believe that questions have a tendency to keep the questioner hidden, safe, and unknown, they often ask clients to change their questions into statements.a. True b. False
Q:
The Gestalt approach to dream work consists of the therapist interpreting the meaning of the symbols in the dream. a. Trueb. False
Q:
According to Perls, awareness of and by itself is not sufficient to lead to change; clients must also put their experiences into some type of cognitive framework if change is to happen.a. True b. False
Q:
Gestalt therapy makes use of a wide variety of techniques that are designed to increase the client's awareness of his or her present experiencing.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Both contact and withdrawal are necessary and important to healthy functioning. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Therapy is based upon the successful resolution of the transference relationship. a. Trueb. False
Q:
A Gestalt therapist pays attention to ways the client uses language. a. Trueb. False
Q:
In the Gestaltist view, unfinished business is best explored in the present. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The Gestalt therapist typically uses diagnosis and interpretation as a basic part of the therapeutic process. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Gestalt theory is best considered as a form of psychoanalytic therapy. a. Trueb. False
Q:
When a client learns how to influence his or her environment describes which stage of Miriam Polster's three
stage integration sequence?
a. Discovery
b. Accommodation
c. Assimilation
d. Retroflection
Q:
Which technique takes an anticipated event and brings it into the present moment to act out?
a. Emptychair
b. Future projection
c. Internal dialogue
d. Making the rounds
Q:
_____________grow out of the interaction between client and therapist and emerge within this dialogic process.
a. Exercises
b. Figureformations
c. Fantasies
d. Experiments
Q:
When a client recognizes he or she has a choice describes which stage of Miriam Polster's threestage integration
sequence?
a. Discovery
b. Accommodation
c. Assimilation
d. Retroflection
Q:
__________involves blurring the differentiation between the self and the environment.
a. Confluence
b. Deflection
c. Retroflection
d. Projection
Q:
One of the main contributions of the Gestalt approach is its:
a. behavioral training models.
b. emphasis on learning to appreciate and fully experience the present moment.
c. attempt to remain focused on the past.
d. ability to allow the client to remain oblivious to his or her behavior.
Q:
Contemporary Gestalt therapists view client resistance as a:
a. way that clients avoid confrontation.
b. sign of poor motivation for therapeutic work.
c. therapy interfering force that needs to be overcome.
d. creative adjustment to a situation and something to be respected.