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Counseling
Q:
If choice theory is the highway, reality therapy is the:a. vehicle delivering the product. b. roadmap.c. moving truck taking the product with it. d. exit to leave the highway.
Q:
Which statement below is not accurate with regard to the phenomenon of countertransference?
a. Countertransference reactions are the weakest source of data for understanding the world of the client since they are so biased.
b. Countertransference reactions are inevitable because all therapists have unresolved conflicts and personal vulnerabilities that are activated through their professional work.
c. Most research on countertransference has dealt with its deleterious effects and how to manage these reactions.
d. It is critical that therapists monitor their own feelings during therapy sessions and use their responses as a source for increased self-awareness and understanding of their clients.
Q:
Which of the following procedures would a reality therapist be least likely to employ?a. Skillful questioningb. Encouraging clients to look at what they are doing c. Making action plansd. Reliving an early childhood event
Q:
In object-relations theory, later relationships build upon:
a. the child's search for approval from the father.
b. one's birth order.
c. one's striving to overcome felt inferiority.
d. the child's search for a reconnection with the mother.
e. the quality of relationships with one's siblings.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about the relationship a client has with his or her analyst?
a. The client is free to express any idea or feeling as long as it is not scandalous.
b. The analyst is free to engage in spontaneous self-expression if a client makes an erroneous comment.
c. The client is free to express any idea or feeling, no matter how irresponsible, scandalous, politically incorrect, selfish, or infantile.
d. The client is encouraged to use "solution talk" and avoid talking about problems.
Q:
All of the following are true about a therapist's countertransference reactions except:
a. they should be avoided.
b. they have the potential to interfere with effective treatment.
c. they can provide rich understanding of the client's experience.
d. they should be carefully monitored by the therapist.
Q:
Wubbolding emphasizes that reality therapy is a mental health system rather than a:a. remediating system. b. theoretical system. c. medical system.d. behavioral system.
Q:
_______posits that we are not born blank slates waiting to be externally motivated by forces in the world around us.a. WDEP theoryb. Behavior therapyc. Choice theoryd. Motivational therapy
Q:
Which of the following is not a component of the brief psychodynamic approaches?
a. use of interpretation early in the therapeutic relationship
b. targeting a specific interpersonal problem during the first session
c. the therapist functioning as a blank slate
d. developing a strong working alliance
e. none of these
Q:
In order to meet the goals of psychoanalytic treatment, Rhonda must help her eating disordered clients to:
a. reduce their symptoms and resolve their internal conflicts.
b. replace negative self-talk with positive self-talk.
c. make use of programs such as Weight Watchers or the Atkins diet plan.
d. increase their support networks and develop social interest.
Q:
In reality therapy, the counseling environment is:a. the time to explore past trauma.b. characterized by a therapeutic climate that establishes the foundation for implementing procedures. c. highly structured with the aim of changing cognitions.d. conducive to restructuring one's personality.
Q:
Because ego and consciousness are not the same, the slogan for psychoanalysis has shifted from "making the unconscious conscious" to
a. "making the ego conscious."
b. "where there was id, let there be ego."
c. "get rid of the id kid!"
d. "may the force be within you."
e. "stop blaming your mother!"
Q:
Wubbolding believes all of the following encourage the client's involvement in therapy exceptfor:a. appropriate use of humor. b. attending behavior.c. facilitative self-disclosure.d. allowing the client to focus on symptoms.
Q:
Who developed the object-relations view that focuses on separation and individuation?
a. Perls
b. Satir
c. Rogers
d. Mahler
e. Erikson
Q:
The function of the reality therapist is to:a. assist clients in dealing with the present.b. encourage clients to make a value judgment concerning the quality of their behavior.c. confront clients about specific irrational thoughts and ideas and to teach them to think rationally. d. reindoctrinate clients with the acceptable standards for living.
Q:
All of the following are a part of Jung's view of development except:
a. individuation
b. the shadow.
c. symbiosis.
d. collective unconscious.
e. archetypes.
Q:
Wubbolding extended the theory and practice of reality therapy with his conceptualization of the:
a. reality theory.
b. choice theory.
c. WDEP system.
d. quality world.
Q:
Which of the following is nota component of total behavior?a. Wantingb. Doing c. Feeling d. Thinking
Q:
From a multicultural perspective, classical analysis may:
a. discourage clients who do not hold upper-middle-class values.
b. be problematic for clients from cultures that prefer a directive approach.
c. underscore the role of important cultural and political factors in the client's world.
d. all of the above
Q:
WDEP stands for:a. wants, decision, self-evaluation, perception. b. wishes, direction, engagement, purpose.c. wants, doing, self-evaluation, planning. d. wants, direction, efficacy, planning.
Q:
Developmentally, Freud's latency stage corresponds to Erickson's stage of:
a. trust versus mistrust.
b. intimacy versus isolation.
c. initiative versus guilt.
d. identity versus role confusion.
e. industry versus inferiority.
Q:
The client's quality world consists of all of the following except:a. specific activities that fulfill our needs. b. images of people who enrich our lives. c. beliefs.d. insight.
Q:
A person who is suffering from feelings of alienation and isolation has probably failed to achieve a sense of ___________ during the ___________stage of development.
a. identity; adolescence
b. trust; infancy
c. generativity; middle age
d. intimacy; young adulthood
e. integrity; later life
Q:
Reality therapy is best described as:a. an intensive and long-term therapy. b. a rational therapy.c. an insight therapy.d. a short-term therapy that deals with conscious behavioral problems.
Q:
The developmental crisis involving initiative vs. guilt occurs during the:
a. school age.
b. early childhood stage.
c. preschool age.
d. adolescence.
e. later life.
Q:
According to Erickson, the basic struggle of early childhood involves:
a. autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
b. initiative vs. guilt.
c. identity vs. role confusion.
d. trust vs. mistrust.
e. intimacy vs. isolation.
Q:
Reality therapy is popular in all of the following areas, except:
a. schools.
b. medical facilities.
c. state mental health hospitals.
d. halfway houses.
Q:
If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage of development, later personality problems may include:
a. rejecting others' love.
b. fear of intimate relationships.
c. mistrust of others.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
Q:
Choice theory emphasizes thinking and acting, which makes this a general form of:
a. psychoanalytic therapy.
b. non directive therapy.
c. Gestalt therapy.
d. cognitive behavior therapy.
Q:
_____________is the theoretical basis for reality therapy.a. WDEP theoryb. Choice theoryc. Behavior therapyd. Cognitive behavioral therapy
Q:
Henry has the impulse to gamble excessively whenever he goes to Las Vegas. Aware of this, he has decided to turn down a job offer in Las Vegas to avoid the temptation to gamble. What part of Henry's personality helped him to reach this decision?
a. The id
b. The ego
c. The superego
Q:
All of the following are true about the superego except:
a. It is the judicial branch of personality.
b. It is the internalization of the standards of parents and society.
c. It represents the ideal.
d. It inhibits id impulses.
e. It governs, controls and regulates the personality.
Q:
Collaborative empiricism involves a cognitive therapist's collaboration with colleagues on a client's case.a. True b. False
Q:
Psychoeducational methods include materials such as books, DVDs, and articles.a. True b. False
Q:
The main function of the ego is:
a. to inhibit id impulses.
b. to seek pleasure in life.
c. to mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment.
d. to strive for perfection.
Q:
According to the generic cognitive model, our beliefs do not play a major role in determining what type of psychological distress we will experience.a. True b. False
Q:
The primary aim of time limited dynamic psychotherapy is to:
a. explore sources of childhood trauma.
b. deal exclusively with a single presenting problem.
c. change the client's repetitive patterns of relating to others.
d. bring about catharsis.
Q:
Meichenbaum's self"instructional training focuses on helping clients become aware of their self"talk and the stories they tell about themselves.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Which of the following statements is not true with regard to the relational approach to psychoanalysis?
a. The approach is based on an egalitarian model.
b. There is an exploration of the subjectivities of both client and therapist.
c. Countertransference provides rich information about the client's dynamics.
d. Therapist anonymity is used to foster the transference relationship.
Q:
Self psychology and object relations theory emphasize:
a. the influence of critical factors in early development on later development.
b. the origins, transformations and organizational functions of the self.
c. the differentiation between self and others.
d. all of these.
Q:
A goal of REBT is to assist clients in the process of achieving conditional self-acceptance, conditional other- acceptance, and conditional life-acceptance.a. True b. False
Q:
Jacqueline feels guilty whenever she considers taking a day off from work for personal reasons. Which of the psychic structures postulated by Freud is fueling her guilt feelings?
a. The id
b. The ego
c. The superego
Q:
Magnification and minimization consist of perceiving a case or situation in a greater or lesser light than it truly deserves.a. True b. False
Q:
A person experiencing persistent feelings of inadequacy has probably had difficulty attaining a sense of _________ during the_________ stage.
a. intimacy; young adulthood
b. identity; adolescent
c. integrity; later life
d. initiative; preschool age
e. industry; school age
Q:
According to Beck, selective abstraction is clients taking all the details of an event and using this information to reinforce negative schemas and support their maladaptive core beliefs.a. True b. False
Q:
In Erikson's view, the major developmental task in adolescence is:
a. intimacy vs. isolation.
b. integrity vs. despair.
c. identity vs. role confusion.
d. initiative vs. guilt.
e. identity vs. shame and doubt.
Q:
In family therapy contexts, cognitive behavior therapists are particularly interested in family schema. a. Trueb. False
Q:
All of the cognitive behavioral approaches share the same basic characteristics and assumptions as traditional behavior therapy.a. True b. False
Q:
What is the correct sequence of the psychosexual stages?
a. anal/phallic/latency/genital/oral
b. oral/anal/phallic/latency/genital
c. oral/anal/latency/genital/phallic
d. latency/oral/anal/phallic/genital
e. latency/anal/oral/phallic/genital
Q:
Freud used the term libido in which of the following ways?
a. To refer to the death instincts
b. to refer to the energy of all the life instincts
c. To refer to sexual abuse
d. To account for the aggressive drive
Q:
In Freud's view, an individual experiencing neurotic anxiety feels:
a. he has behaved in a manner that is inconsistent with his moral code.
b. a realistic threat is present in the environment.
c. he will not be able to control his instincts and will behave inappropriately.
d. guilt associated with past actions.
Q:
Donald Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification focuses on changing a client's selftalk.a. True b. False
Q:
Clients learn that "musts," "oughts," and absolute "shoulds" can be replaced by preferences in REBT.a. True b. False
Q:
Stress inoculation is a copingskills approach designed to change a person's selfstatements.a. True b. False
Q:
The Electra complex and the Oedipus complex are associated with what psychosexual stage of development?
a. anal stage
b. genital stage
c. oral stage
d. phallic stage
e. latency stage
Q:
The process of redirecting sexual energy into some form of socially acceptable behavior is known as:
a. displacement.
b. denial.
c. compensation.
d. sublimation.
e. repression.
Q:
Since humor shows the absurdity of certain ideas that clients steadfastly maintain, it is always inappropriate to use in sessions as it might be perceived as offensive.a. True b. False
Q:
Beck's therapeutic approach originally focused on specific symptoms of depressed clients and the reasons they give for these symptoms.a. Trueb. False
Q:
The ego defense mechanism that consists of masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations is known as:
a. sublimation.
b. compensation.
c. introjection.
d. reaction formation.
e. regression.
Q:
The young adult who adopts his parent's outdated political beliefs to avoid unpleasant feelings of anxiety is an example of:
a. displacement.
b. reaction formation.
c. sublimation.
d. introjection.
e. projection.
Q:
During strengths-based CBT therapy, clients often discover that they use less resilient strategies when they encounter obstacles in areas of positive interest than they do in problem areas of their life.a. True b. False
Q:
Manufacturing "good" reasons to explain away a bruised ego, or to explain away failures or losses, is known as:
a. rationalization.
b. projection.
c. displacement.
d. introjection.
e. reaction formation.
Q:
Cognitive therapy can be effectively employed in crisis intervention. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Directing energy toward another object or a person (when anxiety is reduced by focusing on a "safer target") is known as:
a. sublimation.
b. repression.
c. introjection.
d. displacement.
e. compensation.
Q:
A person who manages their anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledge painful events is most likely using:
a. introjection.
b. sublimation.
c. denial.
d. compensation.
e. undoing.
Q:
Rational emotive imagery involves behavior change only. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The concept of resistance can best be described as:
a. everything that prevents a client from producing unconscious material.
b. that which needs to be analyzed and interpreted.
c. an inevitable part of psychoanalytic therapy.
d. an unwillingness to freely share with the analyst certain thoughts and feelings.
e. all of these
Q:
There is no concept in REBT that in any way agrees with Rogers's idea of unconditional positive regard.a. True b. False
Q:
The cognitive behavioral therapies are largely based on the idea that the reorganization of clients' selfstatements is a key to changing their behavior.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Part of Ellis's motivation for developing REBT was to deal with his own problems.a. True b. False
Q:
The technique whereby the analyst explains the meaning of certain behavior is known as:
a. transference.
b. rationalization.
c. countertransference.
d. interpretation.
e. free association.
Q:
A more flexible variant of psychoanalysis is:
a. psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy
b. psychoanalytically oriented reality therapy
c. superego-oriented psychotherapy
d. psychoanalytic behavior analysis
Q:
The "fundamental rule" for the client in psychoanalysis is:
a. forming a contract with the therapist.
b. willingness to do "homework assignments."
c. participating in free association.
d. writing down dreams.
Q:
There is not a very good fit between cognitive behavior therapy and multicultural therapy. a. Trueb. False
Q:
One of Beck's early contributions was to recognize that regardless of the cause of depression, once people became depressed, their thinking reflected what Beck referred to as the negative cognitive triad: negative views of the self, the world, and the future.a. True b. False
Q:
A major characteristic of the classical psychoanalytic therapist is:
a. openness and self-disclosure.
b. a deeply personal and sharing relationship.
c. a sense of being anonymous.
d. a focus on specific behavior and an objective appraisal of learned patterns of behavior.
Q:
The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is:
a. to treat specific learning disorders.
b. to change overt behavior.
c. to correct irrational thinking.
d. to make the unconscious material conscious.
Q:
REBT hypothesizes that we keep ourselves emotionally disturbed by the process of self-indoctrination. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Feelings of hostility, destructiveness, anger, rage, and hatred are associated with the:
a. oral stage.
b. anal stage.
c. phallic stage.
d. genital stage.
Q:
According to Ellis, events themselves do not cause emotional disturbances; rather it is our evaluation of these events that causes the problem.a. True b. False