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Counseling
Q:
According to existentialists, our search for meaning involves all of these except:
a. discarding old values.
b. meaninglessness.
c. creating our own value system.
d. exploring unfinished business.
e. the struggle for significance in life.
Q:
A limit of the feminist approach from a diversity perspective is:a. if therapists do not fully understand and respect the cultural values of clients from diverse groups, they run the risk of imposing their own values.b. the lack of sensitivity to individual differences in clients. c. the broad focus on respect and equality.d. the emphasis on the use of standardized therapeutic techniques.
Q:
Recent developments relevant to _________ in psychology have led to an integration of key themes of multiculturalism and feminism.a. social justiceb. radical feminists c. socialist feminists d. liberal justice
Q:
Existentialists contend that the experience of relatedness to other human beings:
a. is a neurotically dependent attachment.
b. should be based on our needs and theirs.
c. is healthy if balanced with aloneness.
d. is not necessary, since we are basically alone.
Q:
Who was the Danish philosopher that addressed the role of anxiety and uncertainty in life?
a. Medard Boss
b. Jean-Paul Sartre
c. Soren Kierkegaard
d. Martin Buber
e. Friedrich Nietzsche
Q:
The feminist approach to group counseling involves all of the following except:a. support for the experience of being a woman. b. political involvement.c. providing members a place to reflect on their role in society.d. an opportunity to experience and analyze multiple transferences.
Q:
Ursula lived in New York City on 9/11. Ever since experiencing the aftermath of the terrorist attacks, she has felt anxiety about going to the upper level floors of tall buildings. As an existentially oriented therapist, you might conclude that:
a. Ursula is highly neurotic.
b. Ursula's fears are completely unfounded.
c. Ursula's anxiety is normal in light of the traumatic experience she had on 9/11.
d. Ursula is on the verge of becoming psychotic.
Q:
Which of the following principles of feminist psychology is most aimed at advancing a transformation in society?
a. The person is political.
b. Commitment to social change
c. Women's ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored.
d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress
Q:
Existentially, the ideas of freedom and responsibility suggest:
a. our freedom requires us to accept responsibility for directing our own life.
b. we are free to choose who we will be.
c. you cannot have one without the other.
d. all of these.
Q:
tend to result in women giving away their power in relationships, often without being aware of it. a. Diversity competenciesb. Cognitive theoriesc. Socialization patterns d. Political contexts
Q:
The relational-cultural theory recognizes:a. that many women are searching for a connectedness with others as well as possibilities for autonomy. b. the emphasis of a spiritual or religious perspective in providing women with strength.c. the understanding of how early childhood is a crucial factor in a woman's personality development. d. that siblings play in the shaping of personality.
Q:
Which of the following is not true about Rollo May?
a. He is most responsible for translating European existentialism into American psychotherapeutic theory and practice.
b. He focuses on the subjective dimension of therapy.
c. He is a significant spokesman for the existential approach in the United States.
d. He believes that we can only escape anxiety by exercising our freedom.
e. He contends that freedom and responsibility are two sides of the same coin.
Q:
Viktor Frankl's approach to existential therapy is known as:
a. individual psychology.
b. logotherapy.
c. reality therapy.
d. redecision therapy.
e. humanistic psychology.
Q:
The constructs of feminist theory, in contrast to traditional theories, include all of the following except for which characteristic?a. Intrapsychic orientation b. Gender-fairc. Flexible-multicultural d. Life-span oriented
Q:
When is the counseling process at its best from an existential viewpoint?
a. When the client feels comfortable enough to engage in shame-attacking exercises outside of counseling sessions.
b. When the deepest self of the therapist meets the deepest part of the client.
c. When the therapist uses his or her influence to convince the client to let go of his or her anxiety.
d. When sessions begin with progressive muscle relaxation exercises.
Q:
A_____________offers a unique approach to understanding the roles that women and men with diverse social identities and experiences have been socialized to accept and to bringing this understanding into the therapeutic process.a. gender-fair stanceb. flexible-multicultural theoryc. life-span orientationd. feminist perspective
Q:
Of the following, which is one of the major contributions that feminists have made to the field of counseling and psychotherapy?a. A focus on dealing with family dynamicsb. A focus on exploring the unconscious factors contributing to current problems c. Paving the way for gender-sensitive practiced. Placing the therapeutic relationship at the core of the therapy process
Q:
In existential therapy, the conception of the therapist is
a. an observer-technician.
b. a fully alive human companion for the client.
c. a teacher and coach.
d. an advocate for social change.
Q:
A central concept in feminist therapy is the importance of understanding and acknowledging:a. psychological oppression and the constraints imposed by the sociopolitical status. b. the freedom to pursue a career outside the home.c. the right to an education.d. equality in power in relationships.
Q:
Existential therapy is:
a. a deterministic approach to therapy.
b. an expansion of the Adlerian school of therapy.
c. a phenomenological approach to therapy.
d. a structured approach to therapy.
Q:
Who is most noted for her contributions to the development of feminist therapy?
a. Miriam Polster
b. Laura Brown
c. Natalie Rogers
d. Laura Perls
Q:
_______is a philosophical orientation that lends itself to an integration of feminist, multicultural, and social justice concepts with a variety of psychotherapy approaches.a. Gender perspectiveb. Feminist psychotherapy c. Social justiced. Political context
Q:
Expanding awareness is:
a. a basic goal of existential therapy.
b. possible only with a few clients.
c. not given emphasis in existential therapy.
d. limited by our unconscious resistance.
Q:
In a group based on existential principles, clients learn:
a. that there are no ultimate answers for ultimate concerns.
b. to view themselves through others' eyes.
c. to come to terms with the paradoxes of existence.
d. that pain is a reality of the human experience.
e. all of these.
Q:
Which technique is considered essential in existential therapy?
a. free association
b. analysis of resistance
c. analysis of dysfunctional family patterns
d. role playing
e. none of these
Q:
All of the following strategies are unique to feminist therapy except for:
a. cognitive restructuring.
b. encouraging clients to take social action.
c. emphasizing the role of the therapist as advocate as well as facilitator.
d. viewing women's and other marginalized and oppressed group's experiences from a unique perspective.
Q:
_______includes a shift from placing the problem internally and "blaming the victim" to consideration of social factors in the environment that contribute to a client's problem.a. Paradoxical intentionb. Reframingc. Relabelingd. Genderrole analysis
Q:
According to the existential viewpoint, death:
a. makes life absurd.
b. makes life meaningless and hopeless.
c. gives significance to living.
d. should not be explored in therapy.
Q:
The central issue in existential therapy is:
a. freedom and responsibility.
b. resistance.
c. transference.
d. examining irrational beliefs.
Q:
________assists clients in identifying the impact that their own gender-role socialization has played in shaping their values, thoughts, and behaviors.a. Power analysisb. Gender role or social identity analysis c. Lifestyle analysisd. Analysis of transference and resistance
Q:
Feminist therapists do not use diagnostic labels, or use them reluctantly, for all of the following reasons exceptthat:a. they focus on the individual's symptoms and not the social factors that cause distress and dysfunctionalbehavior.b. they reflect the inappropriate application of power in the therapeutic relationship. c. they focus on the social factors that cause dysfunctional behavior.d. they are part of a system developed mainly within psychiatry, an institution that reinforces dominant cultural norms and may become an instrument of oppression.
Q:
Philosophically, the existentialists would agree that:
a. the final decisions and choices rest with the client.
b. people redefine themselves by their choices.
c. a person can go beyond early conditioning.
d. making choices can create anxiety.
e. all of these.
Q:
Which of the following was not part of Stan's work in existential therapy?
a. Challenging his feelings of loneliness.
b. Working on his inauthentic relationship with his siblings.
c. Confronting his responsibility for his drug and alcohol use.
d. Exploring Stan's human potential.
Q:
Of the following, which intervention would a feminist therapist probably consider most essential?a. Challenging irrational beliefsb. Making use of the empty-chair technique c. Conducting a lifestyle analysisd. Social action
Q:
After having a bad therapeutic experience with a mental health professional who pathologized her anxiety over financial issues, Lillian decided to consult with a feminist therapist. How is her new therapist likely to view her anxiety symptoms?
a. As a sign of distress rather than psychopathology
b. As an indication of deficits in her personality
c. As irrational beliefs
d. As a sign of unconscious conflicts that must be worked through
Q:
Existential therapy is best considered as:
a. an approach to understanding humans.
b. a school of therapy.
c. a system of techniques designed to create authentic humans.
d. a strategy for uncovering dysfunctional behavior.
Q:
Which of the following themes would clients in feminist therapy be leastlikely to explore?a. Identify their internalized messages of oppression and replace them with more self-enhancing beliefs b. Understand how sexist and oppressive societal beliefs and practices influence them in negative ways c. Recognize the power of relationships and connectednessd. Transference reactions toward their therapist
Q:
Which is not an essential aim of existential-humanistic therapy?
a. to help clients become more present to both themselves and others
b. to assist clients in identifying ways they block themselves from fuller presence
c. to dispute clients' irrational beliefs.
d. to challenge clients to assume responsibility for designing their present lives
e. to encourage clients to choose more expanded ways of being in their daily lives.
Q:
The British scholar working to develop training programs in existential therapy is:
a. Rollo May.
b. Irvin Yalom.
c. Emmy van Deurzen.
d. J. Michael Russell.
Q:
Although feminist therapy shares many of the premises of person-centered therapy, feminist therapy does not agree with the notion that:a. the therapeutic relationship is, in and of itself, sufficient to produce change. b. therapy is based on unconditional positive regard and acceptance.c. the therapeutic relationship should be a non-hierarchical one.d. therapy aims to empower clients to live according to their own values and to rely on an internal locus of control.
Q:
All of the following are goals of feminist therapy exceptfor:a. striving for change rather than adjustment. b. social change.c. resolving intrapsychic conflicts from early childhood. d. balancing independence and interdependence.
Q:
Finding the "courage to be" involves:
a. confronting a specific phobia.
a. learning to be alone.
b. discarding old values.
d. developing a will to move forward despite fears.
e. all of these.
Q:
The basic goal of existential psychotherapy is:
a. to expand self-awareness.
b. to increase choice potentials.
c. to help clients accept the responsibility of choosing.
d. to help the client experience authentic existence.
e. all of these
Q:
_________is based on the assumption that the personal or individual problems individuals bring to counseling originate in a political and social context.a. The personal is political and critical consciousness b. The counseling relationship is egalitarianc. Women's ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honoredd. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress
Q:
Which person is not associated with the existential movement?
a. May
b. Frankl
c. Yalom
d. Skinner
e. Sartre
Q:
_________is built on the premise that it is essential to consider the social, cultural, and political context that contributes to a person's problems in order to understand that person.a. Social justiceb. Gender perspectivec. Political contextd. Feminist counseling
Q:
_________is at the core of feminist therapy and marked by authenticity, mutuality, and respect. a. The person is politicalb. The egalitarian relationshipc. The women's way of knowingd. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress
Q:
An Adlerian therapist asks for the client's earliest recollections in order to:
a. discover goals and motivations.
b. reveal their beliefs and basic mistakes.
c. give clues as to the development of that individual's lifestyle.
d. all of these
Q:
Feminist therapists have been sharply critical of the DSM. This critique is based on research indicating all of the following may influence assessment of clients' symptoms, except:a. gender.b. the DSM.c. culture.d. race.
Q:
The process of encouragement in Adlerian counseling includes:
a. helping clients use all their resources.
b. transforming traits that can be liabilities into assets.
c. helping clients recognize and accept their positive qualities.
d. all of these.
Q:
All of the following are stages in Adlerian counseling except:
a. reorientation.
b. insight.
c. establishing a therapeutic relationship.
d. analysis and assessment.
e. analysis of resistance.
Q:
Feminist therapists, regardless of their philosophical orientation, believe all of the following except that:a. gender is at the core of therapeutic practice.b. human development and interaction are similar across races, cultures, and nations. c. understanding a client's problems requires adopting a sociocultural perspective.d. understanding the impact of the society and culture in which a client lives is important.
Q:
The statement "Only when I receive everyone's approval will I be whole" is an example of:
a. a guiding self-ideal.
b. something a personality disordered individual would say.
c. a realistic goal.
d. retroflection.
e. reaction formation.
Q:
The broad scope of feminist thought goes far beyond gender considerations._________issues are equally relevant to the therapeutic enterprise.a. Behavioral and cognitive b. Person-centeredc. Multicultural and social justice d. Diagnostic
Q:
From the feminist perspective, the socialization of women with multiple social identities inevitably affects all of the following, except:a. engendered lives.b. selfconcept.c. goals and aspirations.d. emotional wellbeing.
Q:
The term "social interest" refers to:
a. an individual's attitude in dealing with the social world.
b. a sense of identification and empathy with others.
c. striving for a better future for all humans.
d. all of these.
Q:
Theories and techniques are based on the lives and experiences of individuals (lived experiences) as well as research supporting gender and other inequities.a. True b. False
Q:
The purpose of examining a client's family constellation is:
a. to get a picture of the individual's early social world.
b. to bring unconscious factors to the surface.
c. to discover hereditary aspects of the client's behavior.
d. to determine who else in the family needs help.
Q:
Dr. Jones told Emily that her efforts to overcome her fear of test taking at school will most likely lead her to outperform all of her classmates one day. This intervention:
a. was appropriate because it was intended to bolster Emily's self-esteem and academic self-concept.
b. was inappropriate because Dr. Jones was confusing Adler's notion of superiority with the idea that her client would become superior over others.
c. was not only unethical, it was illegal.
d. was inappropriate because Emily will never be able to outperform her classmates.
Q:
Which of the statements below about social interest is true?
a. While Adler considered social interest to be innate, he also believed that it must be learned, developed, and used.
b. Adler believed most people to be incapable of developing social interest even though it was something to which they should aspire.
c. In his later years, Adler recanted his beliefs about social interest and focused on addressing unconscious dynamics as the key to mental health.
d. The concept of social interest was originally introduced by Freud, and Adler incorporated it into his theory.
Q:
Feminist group work uses a structured approach and focuses on the use of techniques. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Historically, feminist psychotherapy groups were a vehicle for consciousness-raising. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Which is (are) true concerning one's style of life?
a. All people have a lifestyle, but no two people develop exactly the same style.
b. The lifestyle is largely set by the age of 6.
c. One's style of life is a reaction to perceived inferiority.
d. One's style of life is learned from early interactions in the family.
e. All of these
Q:
Feminist therapy is a technically integrative approach that emphasizes the analysis of gender, power, and social location as strategies for facilitating change.a. True b. False
Q:
Empowerment is a central tenet of feminist psychotherapy. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Adler taught that we must successfully master three universal life tasks. Which of the following is not one of these tasks?
a. building friendships
b. establishing intimacy
c. contributing to society
d. enhancing wellness
Q:
Adlerian couples therapists use a psychoeducational approach.
Q:
While most feminist therapists believe that gender is always an important factor, they realize that ethnicity, sexual orientation, and class may be more important factors in certain situations for many women.a. True b. False
Q:
The Adlerian approach to parent education emphasizes listening to children.
Q:
The Adlerian approach has a wide variety of applications including group and family therapy.
Q:
The beginnings of feminism can be traced to the late 1800s, but it is the women's movement of the 1960s that laid the foundation for the development of feminist therapy.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Research supporting the effectiveness of the Adlerian approach is limited.
Q:
Making oppression transparent is the first step in feminist therapy, but the ultimate goal is to replace sexism and other forms of discrimination and oppression with empowerment for all marginalized groups.a. True b. False
Q:
The contemporary version of feminist therapy and the multicultural and social justice approaches to counseling practice have a great deal in common.a. True b. False
Q:
Adlerian views of birth order and family constellation are highly relevant to individuals from all cultural contexts.
Q:
Today's feminists believe that gender can be considered separately from other identity areas such as race, ethnicity, class, and sexual orientation.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Adlerians maintain that the priorities we choose arise from our personality strengths.
Q:
The concept of lifestyle refers to an individual's core beliefs and assumptions through which the person organizes his or her reality and finds meaning in life events.
Q:
In feminist therapy, adjustment rather than transcendence is a primary goal of therapy. a. Trueb. False
Q:
According to the relational-cultural model, a woman's sense of self depends largely on how she connects with others.a. True b. False