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Counseling
Q:
Person-centered research has been conducted on:
a. treating specific behavioral problems.
b. the hypothesized necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change.
c. comparing the outcomes of person-centered therapy with other models.
d. treatment of personality disorders.
e. all of these.
Q:
Concerning research on psychotherapy, it can be said that Carl Rogers:
a. stated his concepts as testable hypotheses and submitted them to research.
b. literally opened the field for psychotherapy research.
c. inspired others to conduct extensive research on counseling process and outcome.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
Q:
A tool for collecting and organizing key relationships in a three-generational extended family is a:a. lifestyle assessment. b. family sketch.c. genogram.d. projective test.
Q:
________is based on the subjective descriptions that family members use to define themselves and the interactions that occur in everyday life.a. Problem solution b. Family directive c. Assessmentd. Reframing
Q:
According to Carl Rogers, the three core conditions that create a growth-promoting climate are:
a. congruence, conditional acceptance, faith in a client.
b. congruence, unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding.
c. total love and caring, therapist transparency, and empathy.
d. realness, objectively viewing the client's world, full acceptance.
e. commitment, compassion, and confrontation.
Q:
When __________ occurs, a ripple effect flows throughout the family system. a. changeb. an argumentc. a negative behavior d. tradition
Q:
The systems perspective implies:
a. individuals are autonomous and independent of their families.
b. the external environment is the most powerful influence on an individual's development.
c. individuals are best understood through the context of their role in their family.
d. systematic intervention is required to deconstruct an unhealthy family interaction pattern.
Q:
In the 1960s and 1970s Rogers did a great deal to spearhead the development of:
a. organizational management seminars.
b. private colleges aimed at training person-centered therapists.
c. personal-growth groups and encounter groups.
d. the National Training Laboratories and T-groups.
e. registration and certification of person-centered counselors.
Q:
In person-centered group therapy, the leader:
a. displays a sense of trust in the members.
b. uses techniques and exercises to motivate the group.
c. focuses on making interpretations.
d. sets goals for the group members.
e. facilitates the direction of group discussions.
Q:
Therapists utilizing motivational interviewing strategies view clients as:
a. opponents to be defeated.
b. allies who play a major role in their present and future success.
c. victims of their own psychopathology who need to be liberated from their pain and dysfunction.
d. people who are lazy and need a powerful incentive to change their ways.
Q:
A major contribution of Bowen's theory is the notion of:a. birth order as a determinant of personality. b. differentiation of the self.c. family rules and communication patterns.d. spontaneity, creativity, and play as therapeutic factors in family therapy.
Q:
What is the technique in family therapy that casts a new light on a problem and provides a different interpretation for a problematic situation?a. Reorganizationb. Family mapping c. Restructuringd. Reframing
Q:
One of the limitations of the person-centered approach is that:
a. its has not been subjected to rigorous research.
b. it is not grounded in personality theory.
c. therapists use vigorous confrontation methods.
d. there can be a tendency to give too much support and not enough challenge.
Q:
The person-centered approach has been applied to:
a. personal-growth groups.
b. education
c. family therapy.
d. foreign relations.
e. all of these.
Q:
From the family systems perspective, symptoms are often viewed as:a. an expression of a set of habits and patterns within a family. b. evidence of psychopathology.c. a sign of weakness.d. a result of cognitive distortions.
Q:
From Carl Rogers's perspective the client/therapist relationship is characterized by:
a. a sense of equality.
b. the transference relationship.
c. the therapist functioning as the expert.
d. a clearly defined contract that specifies what clients will talk about in the sessions.
Q:
The concept of triangulation is most associated with:a. Virginia Satir.b. Murray Bowen.c. Salvador Minuchin. d. Rudolf Dreikurs.
Q:
The person-centered therapist's most important function is:
a, to begin therapy with a comprehensive lifestyle assessment.
b. to challenge clients to examine their past.
c. to skillfully confront clients when they engage in self-destructive behaviors.
d. to be his or her real self in the relationship with a client.
e. to be an agent of social change.
Q:
An integrative approach to the practice of family therapy includes guiding principles that help the therapist organize all of the following, except:a. goals.b. interactions. c. observations. d. medications.
Q:
Person-centered therapy is best explained as:
a. a dogma.
b. a fixed and completed approach to therapy.
c. a set of techniques to build trust in clients.
d. all of these.
e. none of these.
Q:
A consistent theme that underlies most of Carl Rogers's writings is:
a. the need to find meaning in life through love, work, or suffering.
b. the need for a religion to find meaning in life.
c. the importance of expressing feelings that stem from childhood issues.
d. a faith in the capacity of individuals to develop in a constructive manner if a climate of trust is established.
e. the need for clients to relive past traumatic situations in the here-and-now.
Q:
Feminism, multiculturalism, and postmodern social constructionism have all entered the family therapy field. These models are more collaborative, treating clients as:a. passive participants in their journey. b. the experts in their own lives.c. needing an expert.d. an individual without the ability to make decisions.
Q:
Adler introduced ____________to our understanding of the family system (or family constellation). a. the power structureb. cultural contextc. balance of leadership d. phenomenology
Q:
Carl Rogers drew heavily from existential concepts, especially as they apply to:
a. the transference relationship.
b. countertransference, or unfinished business of the counselor.
c. the client/therapist relationship.
d. guilt and anxiety.
e. death and nonbeing.
Q:
In structuralstrategic family therapy,_________must occur in a family before an individual's symptoms can be reduced or eliminated.a. solution-oriented changes b. therapist directionsc. focus on the present d. structural changes
Q:
Carl Rogers's position on confronting the client is that:
a. confrontation is to be avoided at all costs.
b. confrontation causes clients to stop growing.
c. confrontation reflects that the therapist has a need to be in control.
d. caring confrontations can be beneficial.
Q:
Alfred Adler and Rudolf Dreikurs and their associates were the first known practitioners of family therapy, often using a model now called:a. closed-forum family counseling.b. closed-forum individual counseling. c. open-forum family counseling.d. open-forum individual counseling.
Q:
Which of the following is not true about the most recent trends in person-centered therapy?
a. It could be referred to as holistic therapy.
b. Acceptance and clarification are the main techniques used.
c. It emphasizes an increased involvement of the therapist as a person.
d. It allows the therapist greater freedom to be active in the therapeutic relationship.
e. The therapist is encouraged to bring his or her values to the therapeutic relationship.
Q:
Family therapy perspectives call for a conceptual shift from evaluating individuals to focusing on:a. system dynamics.b. individual symptoms.c. the identified client only. d. an individual's reactions.
Q:
All social constructionist theories emphasize listening to clients without judgment or blame, affirming and valuing them.a. True b. False
Q:
Which of the following personal characteristics of the therapist is most important, according to Carl Rogers?
a. unconditional positive regard
b. acceptance
c. genuineness
d. accurate empathic understanding
e. accurate active listening
Q:
The narrative emphasis on creating an appreciative audience for new developments in an individual's life lends itself to group counseling. a. Trueb. False
Q:
According to Rogerian therapy, an "internal source of evaluation" is defined as:
a. internalizing the validation one receives from others.
b. looking more to oneself for the answers to the problems of existence.
c. going on one's instincts when judging the behavior of others.
d. a neurotic tendency to be self-critical.
e. a success identity.
Q:
Which of the following is the correct order in terms of the historical development of Carl Rogers's approach to counseling?
a. client-centered/person-centered/nondirective
b. client-centered/nondirective/person-centered
c. nondirective/client-centered/person-centered
d. nondirective/person-centered/client-centered
e. person-centered/client-centered/nondirective
Q:
Clients are never stuck in a pattern of living a problem-saturated story that does not work. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Solution-focused brief therapy is grounded on the optimistic assumption that people are healthy and competent and have the ability to construct solutions that can enhance their lives.a. True b. False
Q:
Which of the following is not true about Carl Rogers?
a. He was raised with strict religious standards in his home.
b. He developed cognitive therapy.
c. At one point in his life, he was preparing to enter the ministry.
d. He made a contribution toward achieving world peace.
e. He was a pioneer in humanistic approaches to counseling.
Q:
Externalizing conversations counteract oppressive, problem-saturated stories and empower clients to feel competent to handle the problems they face.a. True b. False
Q:
One point of disagreement between existential and humanistic thought involves:
a. a respect for the client's subjective experience.
b. a trust in the capacity of the client to make positive choices.
c. an emphasis on freedom.
d. the idea of an innate self-actualizing drive.
Q:
In social constructionism, the therapist assumes the role of expert, rather than adopting a collaborative or consultative stance.a. True b. False
Q:
What is a limitation of person-centered therapy?
a. The approach does not make use of research to study the process or outcomes of therapy.
b. The therapist has more power to manipulate and control the client than is true of most other therapies.
c. The approach does not emphasize the role of techniques in creating change in the client's life.
d. The client is not given enough responsibility to direct the course of his or her own therapy.
e. It is a long-term approach to therapy.
Q:
In applying the person-centered approach to crisis intervention, therapists:
a. communicate a deep sense of understanding.
b. provide genuine support and warmth.
c. use a more structured approach and provide clients with some direction.
d. all of these.
Q:
The person-centered philosophy views diagnosis as:
a. a useful tool for case conceptualization.
b. a meaningful way of understanding of a client's psychological state.
c. a labeling process that diminishes the therapist's ability to develop a holistic understanding of the client.
d. a necessary process that does not impact the course of therapy.
Q:
In solution-focused therapy, behavior change is viewed as the most effective approach to assisting people in enhancing their lives.a. True b. False
Q:
Modernists believe in the ability to describe objective reality accurately and assume that it can be observed and systematically known through the scientific method.a. True b. False
Q:
Solution-focused therapists often use scaling questions. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Arguably, the most central limitation of the person centered approach is:
a. their view of assessment and diagnosis.
b. the therapist's limitations as a person.
c. shortcomings of the studies of the approach.
d. the continual evolution of the approach leads to unclear therapeutic principles.
Q:
The technique of reflection involves the therapist:
a. restating the client's words verbatim.
b. sharing his or her genuine emotional response with the client.
c. mirroring the client's emotional experience of a particular situation.
d. bringing an actual mirror into the session and having a client look at himself or herself in the mirror.
Q:
Even science is not free from the influence of such processes of social construction. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Narrative therapy is a strengths-based approach that emphasizes collaboration between client and therapist to help clients view themselves as empowered and living the way they want.a. True b. False
Q:
In order for a therapist to communicate "accurate empathic understanding" the counselor must:
a. have experienced a situation very similar to the client's current predicament.
b. clarify details and facts relevant to the client's experiences.
c. feel a deep sense of warmth toward the client.
d. connect emotionally to the client's subjective experience.
Q:
The linguistic approach stresses the expert role of the therapist in suggesting solutions to a family's problems.a. True b. False
Q:
Which of the statements below regarding Motivational Interviewing is not accurate?
a. MI was initially designed as a brief intervention for problem drinking.
b. MI stresses client self-responsibility and promotes an invitational style for working cooperatively with clients to generate alternative solutions to behavioral problems.
c. MI was developed by Maslow in the late 70s after he created his theory on self-actualization.
d. MI therapists avoid arguing with clients and avoid assuming a confrontational stance.
Q:
The person-centered therapist is best described as a:
a. facilitator.
b. teacher.
c. human engineer.
d. friend.
Q:
In postmodern thinking, language and the use of language in stories create meaning. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Assessment and therapy techniques are more important than empathy to a social constructionist. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Which of the following is not a key concept of the person-centered approach?
a. The focus is on experiencing the immediate moment.
b. The person has the capacity to resolve his or her own problems in a climate of safety.
c. The client is primarily responsible for the direction of therapy.
d. The focus is on exploration of a client's past.
Q:
Which statement(s) is (are) true of the person-centered approach?
a. Therapists should give advice when clients need it.
b. The techniques a therapist uses are less important than his or her attitudes.
c. Therapists should function largely as teachers.
d. Therapy is primarily the therapist's responsibility.
Q:
Solution-focused brief therapy differs from traditional therapies by eschewing the past in favor of both the present and the future.a. True b. False
Q:
Which of the following is not considered a necessary and sufficient condition for change in the person-centered framework?
a. unconditional positive regard
b. creative expression
c. accurate empathetic understanding
d. congruence
Q:
Carlos, an eight year old boy, was recently removed from his home because he was being physically and sexually abused by his father. In accordance with Maslow's framework, which needs took precedence?
a. physical and safety needs
b. belonging and love
c. esteem from self and others
d. self-actualization
Q:
Without the cultural conditions that accept the concept of depression, talking about a person as depressed would mean nothing.a. True b. False
Q:
What is the most important factor related to progress in person-centered therapy?
a. defining concrete and measurable goals
b. the therapist's technical skills
c. the relationship between the client and therapist
d. the therapist's ability to think logically and to scientifically solve problems
e. the client's motivation for change
Q:
In solution-focused brief therapy, the role of the client is to create, explore, and co-author his or her evolving story. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The main goal of brief therapy is to help clients efficiently resolve problems and to move forward as quickly as possible.a. True b. False
Q:
The ______________________that recently has come into prominence shares many concepts on the healthy side of human existence with the humanistic approach.
a. positive psychology movement
b. object relations approach
c. dialectical behavior therapy approach
d. applied behavior analysis movement.
Q:
The solution-focused approach was originally designed as a brief model of psychotherapy. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Person-centered therapy is a(n):
a. action-oriented approach to therapy.
b. humanistic approach to therapy.
c. existential approach to therapy.
d. deterministic approach to therapy.
Q:
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the person-centered approach?
a. The focus is on the subjective world of the client.
b. It is supported by evidence from ongoing research.
c. Importance is placed on the attitudes and beliefs of the therapist.
d. Emphasis is given to developing a contract for therapy.
e. Attention is directed toward the personal relationship between the client and the therapist.
Q:
In solution-focused therapy, exceptions represent instances when a particular problem in a client's life was not prominent.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Narrative therapists pay significant attention to a client's past as it helps them understand the origins of client's stories.a. Trueb. False
Q:
A self-actualized person:
a. welcomes uncertainty in his or her life.
b. has a capacity for deep and intense interpersonal relationships.
c. does not have artificial dichotomies within himself or herself.
d. is spontaneous and creative.
e. all of these.
Q:
A key theme of SFBT is, when you know what is working, do more of it. If something is not working, try something different.a. True b. False
Q:
The use of techniques is fundamental in narrative therapy. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Person-centered therapy is best described as:
a. a completed "school" of counseling.
b. a fixed set of therapeutic principles.
c. a systematic set of behavioral techniques.
d. a philosophy of how the therapy process develops.
Q:
The person-centered view of human nature:
a. views people as basically competitive.
b. states that humans are driven by irrational forces.
c. affirms a person's capacity to direct his or her own life.
d. assumes that, while humans have the potential for growth, we tend to remain stagnant.
Q:
Currently, there is high international interest in the existential approach to psychotherapy.
Q:
SFBT is an optimistic, antideterministic, future-oriented approach based on the assumption that clients have the ability to change quickly and can create a problem-free language as they strive for a new reality.a. True b. False
Q:
Narrative therapy has been effectively applied in school settings. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The existential vacuum represents a place of reflection and solace.