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Question
Who was John Augustus and how did his efforts change corrections in America? Be sure to identify the innovations and practices originated by his work. Why were these developments so remarkable? How have they shaped corrections over a century later?Answer
Answers will vary.Related questions
Q:
When girls break the law, the juvenile justice system has a tendency to treat them as status offenders.
a. True
b. False
Q:
It is unconstitutional to execute someone who committed their crime before they were 18.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Violent offenders commit the smallest number of crimes.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Age is the best predictor of recidivism.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Three forces influence the newly released offender's adjustment to society: the parole bureaucracy, the offender's experience, and the _____________.
Q:
The broad discretionary ________ of the parole officer is disappearing.
Q:
Parolees are released from prison on condition that they follow rules designed both to aid their readjustment to society and to__________ .
Q:
Parole officers have to manage a heavier __________than is feasible in the available time and respond to__________ philosophies and policies.
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. When an ex-offender's poor decision making makes adjustment problems worse
b. Handle problems with recently released offenders
c. Legal barrier to reentry
d. A small group living facility for offenders
e. The removal of a conviction
f. Violating conditions of parole
g. Act of clemency
h. Criterion for deciding whether evidence is strong enough to uphold an arrest
i.Originated in Wisconsin in 1913
j.Regulate non-criminal behavior
Relapse process
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. When an ex-offender's poor decision making makes adjustment problems worse
b. Handle problems with recently released offenders
c. Legal barrier to reentry
d. A small group living facility for offenders
e. The removal of a conviction
f. Violating conditions of parole
g. Act of clemency
h. Criterion for deciding whether evidence is strong enough to uphold an arrest
i.Originated in Wisconsin in 1913
j.Regulate non-criminal behavior
Civil disability
Q:
Residential programs normally house between 10 and__________ offenders at any one time.a. 12b. 15c. 25d. 50
Q:
Today, parole boards release approximately __________of all inmates up for parole.a. 25 percentb. 40 percentc. 50 percentd. 65 percent
Q:
When offenders work and live at home during the week and then return to the prison for the weekend, it is:
a. a group housing program.
b. a work furlough.
c. a reentry approach.
d. a training program.
Q:
Research has shown that postrelease supervision is________ in its effectiveness.a. excellentb. poorc. limitedd. none of these
Q:
Most parole revocations occur only when the parolee is arrested on a serious charge or cannot be located by the officer.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In practice, revocations usually result from a single rule violation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Inmates who are released from any further correctional supervision and cannot be returned to prison for their current offense have been given:
a. conditional releases.
b. expiration releases.
c. mandatory releases.
d. tertiary release.
Q:
Because of__________ , many states have devised ways to get around the rigidity of mandatory release.
a. prison population growth
b. public pressure
c. labor shortages
d. expenses
Q:
After an inmate has served time equal to the total sentence minus "good time," if any, he or she will receive:
a. conditional release.
b. discretionary release.
c. mandatory release.
d. none of these.
Q:
The decision to release an inmate is made in the context of:
a. analytical clarity.
b. political fairness.
c. public support.
d. competing goals.
Q:
In the wake of the "get tough on crime" movement over the past three decades, the number of parolees in the United States has:
a. doubled.
b. tripled.
c. decreased.
d. remained the same.
Q:
All states, except for Alaska and Hawaii, have some form of prison program designed to prepare the offenders for release to community supervision.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Parole release mechanisms primarily determine the date at which a particular prisoner will be released back into the community.
a. True
b. False
Q:
According to the authors, statistics show that most parolees return to prison.
a. True
b. False
Q:
All states have some form of prison programs that prepare the offender for release to community supervision.
a. True
b. False
Q:
States retaining indeterminate sentencing allow discretionary release by the parole board within the boundaries of the sentence and the law.
a. True
b. False
Q:
_______________ release is often tied to shock incarceration, a practice in which first-time offenders are sentenced to a short period in jail (the shock) and then allowed to reenter the community.
Q:
If a parolee breaks a rule, their parole may be____________ .
Q:
A key figure in developing parole in the 1800s was _________________________.
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Presumptive release date