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Question
Layers of hierarchy is a barrier to communication because:
a. each level can add to, take from, qualify, or change the original message.
b. top level managers hesitate to give employees unwelcome information as employees exercise power over their rewards and penalties.
c. organizational hierarchy contradicts the principle of specialization.
d. communication at higher levels of management is always informal and ambiguous, and the information is out of reach of the lower levels of management.
Answer
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